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Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2013 03:28:05 +0200
From: Sebastian Rother <srother@...cenary-security.com>
To: full-disclosure@...ts.grok.org.uk
Subject: Re: Phishing Google Wallet and Paypal by abusing
WhatsApp
On 07/24/2013 04:52 PM, Curesec Research Team wrote:
> Hi List,
>
> please find the vulnerability description within this post.
>
> Cheers,
> Curesec Research Team
>
> Reference:
> https://cureblog.de/2013/07/phishing-google-wallet-and-paypal-by-abusing-whatsapp/
>
>
> Phishing Google Wallet and Paypal by abusing WhatsApp
>
> -=Introduction=-
>
> WhatsApp is one of the most common used tools aka ‘Apps’ on
> Smarphone-Devices with access to wireless networks or a so called
> Data-’Flatrate’. By using the internet link to communicate, people do
> not have to pay any extra fees for sending a text-message somewhere,
> even if the receiver is in another country.
>
> WhatsApp is available for almost every architecture on the market. The
> program exists for Nokia, Blackberry, Android and iOS. It is available
> here: https://www.whatsapp.com. This post will focus on the version for
> android.
>
> The app is free for one-year in Android devices. After that time the
> user has to buy a yearly license. The application provides 3 methods of
> payment:
>
> google wallet
> paypal
> payment link.
>
> They can be selected via Menu->Settings->Account->Payment Info.
>
> -=Bug=-
>
> Google-wallet and Paypal payments work in the same way. When selecting
> it, WhatsApp opens an in-app browser and contacts its main server
> www.whatsapp.com with the request:
>
> /payments/google.php?phone=XXXXXXXXXXXX&cksum=<request
> checksum>&sku=1&lg=en&lc=US
>
> or
>
> /payments/paypal.php?phone=XXXXXXXXXXXX&cksum=<request
> checksum>&sku=1&lg=en&lc=US
>
> Responding to this request the browser gets redirected to the proper
> checkout service.
> The payment link option seems to be currently not working, i.e., nothing
> happens.
>
> -=Attacks=-
>
> Even tough the communication with the payment systems is HTTPS secured,
> the initial contact with the main server www.whatsapp.com is NOT, as we
> can see in Wireshark logs:
>
> GET
> /payments/google.php?phone=xxxxxxxxxxxxx&cksum=<checksum>&sku=1&lg=en&lc=US
> HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.whatsapp.com
> Accept-Encoding: gzip
> Accept-Language: en-US
> User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7)
> Cookie: __utmmobile=0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;
> q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
> Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1, utf-16, *;q=0.7
>
> After Whatsapp sent this unencrypted request, it will receive the
> following answer.
>
> HTTP/1.1 200 OK
> X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.7
> Content-type: text/html
> Transfer-Encoding: chunked
> Date: Mon, 10 May 2013 05:34:36 GMT
> Server: lighttpd/1.4.31
> 5e4
>
> <html>
> <head>
> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
> <title>WhatsApp Messenger payment</title>
> </head>
> <body onLoad="document.getElementById('google').submit()">
> <p>Please wait...</p>
> <form id="google" method="POST" action="https://checkout.google.com
> api/checkout/v2/checkoutForm/Merchant/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
> accept-charset="utf-8">
> <input type="hidden" name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.item-name"
> value="One year of WhatsApp service for phone XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"/>
> <input type="hidden" name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.item-description"
> value="WhatsApp Messenger"/>
> <input type="hidden" name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.merchant-item-id"
> value="1"/>
> <input type="hidden"
> name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.merchant-private-item-data"
> value="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"/>
> <input type="hidden" name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.unit-price"
> value="0.99"/>
> <input type="hidden"
> name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.unit-price.currency" value="USD"/>
> <input type="hidden" name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.quantity" value="1"/>
> <input type="hidden"
> name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.digital-content.display-disposition"
> value="OPTIMISTIC"/>
> <input type="hidden"
> name="shopping-cart.items.item-1.digital-content.email-delivery"
> value="true"/>
> <input type="hidden"
> name="checkout-flow-support.merchant-checkout-flow-support.continue-shopping-url"
> value="http://www.whatsapp.com/payments/success.php"/>
> <input type="hidden" name="_charset_" />
> </form>
> </body>
> </html>
> 0
>
> This means an attacker could intercept the first request via a suitable
> man-in-the-middle attack and successfully redirect the user to any
> Webpage when the user is trying to buy Whatsapp credit. To gain
> useraccounts the attacker could setup a fake Google-Wallet or Paypal
> Systems page to harvest user accounts. It might even be possible to
> gather directly money through this, for instance let the user pay the
> 0,99 cents via Google Wallet or Paypal to the account of the attacker.
>
> Besides an attacker could forward some other content like a webpage with
> a new apk necessary for using google-wallet or paypal, like the
> (in)-famous Zitmo Trojan did at visiting a Bankingsite and spending
> users some extra “Security”-Features.
>
> -=Practical abuse of the bug=-
>
> As buying the credit only happens one time per year the attack itself is
> quite uncommon to be practical for a huge misuse as the attacker needs
> to be in control of the wireless or gsm network to intercept and
> redirect the traffic.
>
> -=Affected Versions=-
>
> 2.9.6447 to 2.10.751 (latest as of 2013 July 2)
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
> Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
> Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
Dear Mr. Lux,
Do I undertsand it correctly, that you are capable of re-directing plain
HTTP traffic?
Congratulations... *applause!!!*
Please forgive me my scepsis but even your last report was not fully
impressing.
In the commercial sector and in any SANE company WhatsApp is not allowed....
I could tell you like 7 DoS Exploits against an Telecom V921 Router and
write down an AWESOME blog entry...
but in the end it's kind of useless anyway like your news...
Please do us, and I speak partly for the german community as well, a favour.
POST MORE QUALIFIED things.... or get into vacations soon.
Your purely unqualified statements do dishonor our professional work in
germany and disqualify any german
who is a serious penetration tester. And you made it all because to
market your company. Sorry Marco:
NO.... and I aint the only one thinking so.
Kind regards,
Sebastian Rother
p.s.
Seriously: Was there anybody impressed? It was not even Mr. Lux
himself... but his staff.
That aint a blaming.. just not everything should get made up as "LATEST
NEW SHIT ISSUE AND WE ALL GONNA DIE TOMMOROW" or Marco... *hust*.
I think People like Jericho might angree partly with me, he even
corrected you once, like I did....
Just get into vacanci
--
Name: Sebastian Rother (CEO)
E-Mail: srother@...cenary-security.com
GPG key: 0x7A1C7480
Key fingerprint: FFD0 EF0A 48EB 890A F400 94E5 8D6B B65C 7A1C 7480
Mercenary Security GmbH
Schönhauser Allee 64
10437, Berlin
Germany
Handelsregister: Charlottenburg, Berlin
Handelsregisternummer: HRB 143173 B
Geschäftsführer: Sebastian Rother
Phone: +49 030 50914741
Homepage: https://www.mercenary-security.com/
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