Message-ID: <CABN49-ZGn9Cb2RiPLaimX-qRJU13mrsykUd0ti3O9Yguz6Bt-Q@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2015 21:40:31 -0400
From: PIN <zero@...c.co>
To: fulldisclosure@...lists.org
Subject: [FD] #WorldPenguinDay or this cant be right, can it?

TL;DR version:

/* really? can other people confirm this behavior pls?
 *
 * if the guess is off for you, by how many, and can you please
 * indicate what compiler version and flags you used?
 *
 * ive tried with gcc 4.9.2 and 4.8.3 only on kernel 4.0.0 and glibc 2.20
 * i suspect its going to be an issue with the loader and kernel and
sys_mmap.
 *
 * gcc -m64 -s -fpic -pie -o mmap mmap.c
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

signed int
main(void)
{
    char* ptr = malloc(256*1024);
    /* ptr - 16 = mapping base (sizeof(struct malloc_chunk)) 64-bit
     * - 0x564000 = ld-2.20.so base - mapping base + ld-2.20.so.base -
libc-2.20 base
     */
    printf("libc: %p\n", (ptr-16-0x564000));
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}


Full-text version:

While looking at things entirely unrelated, I happened to notice a few
things about Linux ASLR.

The first is that modules are loaded in the same order each time and
appears to be english alphabetical; they second was that the first mmap's
seem to always occupy a sequential order in the address space, depending
largely on the size of the mapping. Rather large ones seem to bias towards
the beginning of the address space immediately preceeding the first loaded
module, and smaller mappings bias towards the end of the address space
after the first mapped section of ld.

Then I started looking a little more and I noticed that the spacing between
modules seems constant, for instance, 1000 runs of vsftpd yielded 1000
different addresses for the loaded modules, however the spacing between
them all was always constant.

Libattr is first, followed by libc, and the loader is always last but
before the vdso/etc and the executable (if PIE) and the stack/etc.

So noting this, I was able to malloc() a large enough section of memory to
hit the mmap threshhold, but small enough to get it loaded immediately
under the loader. Then with knowledge of that pointer, I can subtract the
size of the heap metadata back to the base of the mapping, then from that
subtract a constant value to the loader, and from that subtract a constant
value to the first loaded library.

I noted that this constant value seems dependent on the executable itself,
sometimes when I added/removed portions of the program and recompiled, my
calculations from ld to libc (in my instance) was off, but the calculations
from the mapping to ld were always correct. Then while trying to discern
that behavior, it disappeared on me and the guess was always correct again.

So, if this is actual behavior and its not just that the NSA has breached
my virtual machine and is screwing with me (joke), then:
0. With knowledge of the target binary, such as from an RPM and;
1. With the ability to obtain an allocation large enough to trigger mmap
behavior and;
2. With knowledge of the order of the mapping your allocation (waves hands
around)
3. With a leak of a pointer inside of the mapped area that you can
calculate back to the base
4. You can calculate the base address of any library that is loaded,
providing there isnt a bunch of dlopen/dlclose type calls

Given that a key aspect of process isolation in the unix world revolves
around fork(), it seems likely that an intruder would generally be able to
calculate what number sequentially and what size mappings came before them,
so its a little less hand wavey than it seems.

Really? This can't be right...



Attachment manifest:
- parse-libs.sh
- file.pl
  Poor richards 30 second scripts to parse the output of /proc/pid/maps for
the 1000 runs of vsftpd and output a file containing the module to module
differences

- Makefile
- mmap.c
- mapgo.sh
 Poor richards 30 seconds scripts and C file to try to guess the address of
libc based on knowledge of the address of a mmap whose order is know


-- 
So we have no queen, the food is strange and it's not dark at all. I say we
try to escape for a bit, stick some gel to the side of the tank and then
die in weird places.

Download attachment "aslr.tar.xz" of type "application/octet-stream" (158324 bytes)


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