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Message-ID: <20171215013211.GA4296@darpa.mil>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2017 01:32:11 +0000
From: Hans Jerry Illikainen <hji@...topia.com>
To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com, bugtraq@...urityfocus.com,
fulldisclosure@...lists.org
Subject: [FD] CVE-2017-17670: vlc: type conversion vulnerability
About
=====
A type conversion vulnerability exist in the MP4 demux module in VLC
<=2.2.8. This issue has been assigned CVE-2017-17670 and it could be
used to cause an arbitrary free.
Details
=======
MP4 is a container format for video, audio, subtitles and images. The
various parts of an .mp4 are organized as hierarchical boxes/atoms in
big-endian byte ordering [1].
VLC processes these boxes by using a lookup table:
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.c
,----
| 3297 static const struct
| 3298 {
| 3299 uint32_t i_type;
| 3300 int (*MP4_ReadBox_function )( stream_t *p_stream, MP4_Box_t *p_box );
| 3301 void (*MP4_FreeBox_function )( MP4_Box_t *p_box );
| 3302 uint32_t i_parent; /* set parent to restrict, duplicating if needed; 0 for any */
| 3303 } MP4_Box_Function [] =
| 3304 {
| 3305 /* Containers */
| 3306 { ATOM_moov, MP4_ReadBoxContainer, MP4_FreeBox_Common, 0 },
| 3307 { ATOM_trak, MP4_ReadBoxContainer, MP4_FreeBox_Common, ATOM_moov },
| ....
| 3565 /* Last entry */
| 3566 { 0, MP4_ReadBox_default, NULL, 0 }
| 3567 };
`----
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.c
,----
| 3574 static MP4_Box_t *MP4_ReadBox( stream_t *p_stream, MP4_Box_t *p_father )
| 3575 {
| 3576 MP4_Box_t *p_box = calloc( 1, sizeof( MP4_Box_t ) ); /* Needed to ensure simple on error handler */
| 3577 unsigned int i_index;
| ....
| 3582 if( !MP4_ReadBoxCommon( p_stream, p_box ) )
| 3583 {
| ....
| 3587 }
| ....
| 3605 /* Now search function to call */
| 3606 for( i_index = 0; ; i_index++ )
| 3607 {
| ....
| 3613 if( ( MP4_Box_Function[i_index].i_type == p_box->i_type )||
| 3614 ( MP4_Box_Function[i_index].i_type == 0 ) )
| 3615 {
| 3616 break;
| 3617 }
| 3618 }
| 3619
| 3620 if( !(MP4_Box_Function[i_index].MP4_ReadBox_function)( p_stream, p_box ) )
| 3621 {
| 3622 MP4_BoxFree( p_stream, p_box );
| 3623 return NULL;
| 3624 }
| 3625
| 3626 return p_box;
| 3627 }
`----
MP4_ReadBox() allocates a MP4_Box_t structure and invokes
MP4_ReadBoxCommon() to read the properties common to all mp4 boxes;
`i_size' and `i_type' (and optionally an extended size). Afterwards,
MP4_Box_Function is used to dispatch further parsing to a suitable
function based on its `i_type'.
When VLC is done with the boxes, they are freed with MP4_BoxFree():
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.c
,----
| 3633 void MP4_BoxFree( stream_t *s, MP4_Box_t *p_box )
| 3634 {
| 3635 unsigned int i_index;
| ....
| 3650 /* Now search function to call */
| 3651 if( p_box->data.p_payload )
| 3652 {
| 3653 for( i_index = 0; ; i_index++ )
| 3654 {
| ....
| 3660 if( ( MP4_Box_Function[i_index].i_type == p_box->i_type )||
| 3661 ( MP4_Box_Function[i_index].i_type == 0 ) )
| 3662 {
| 3663 break;
| 3664 }
| 3665 }
| 3666 if( MP4_Box_Function[i_index].MP4_FreeBox_function == NULL )
| 3667 {
| ....
| 3677 }
| 3678 else
| 3679 {
| 3680 MP4_Box_Function[i_index].MP4_FreeBox_function( p_box );
| 3681 }
| ....
| 3685 }
`----
Again, `i_type' is used to find a suitable free-function.
The reason this may be problematic is that `i_type' could be changed
when VLC handles `sinf' and `frma' boxes in TrackCreateES() -- meaning
that a box may be read as one type, and freed as another.
`sinf' is the "Protection Scheme Information Box" and it's used for
protected/encrypted media. `frma' is the "Original Format Box" and it's
used to declare the format of the unprotected media.
If a sinf/frma is found underneath a sample box, the `i_type' of that
sample is replaced with the original format declared in the `frma':
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/mp4.c
,----
| 2180 static int TrackCreateES( demux_t *p_demux, mp4_track_t *p_track,
| 2181 unsigned int i_chunk, es_out_id_t **pp_es )
| 2182 {
| ....
| 2208 p_sample = MP4_BoxGet( p_track->p_stsd, "[%d]",
| 2209 i_sample_description_index - 1 );
| ....
| 2219 p_track->p_sample = p_sample;
| 2220
| 2221 if( ( p_frma = MP4_BoxGet( p_track->p_sample, "sinf/frma" ) ) && p_frma->data.p_frma )
| 2222 {
| 2223 msg_Warn( p_demux, "Original Format Box: %4.4s", (char *)&p_frma->data.p_frma->i_type );
| 2224
| 2225 p_sample->i_type = p_frma->data.p_frma->i_type;
| 2226 }
| ....
`----
No sanity check is done to make sure that the MP4_FreeBox_function
associated with the new `i_type' is compatible with the old
MP4_ReadBox_function.
Example
=======
One way to abuse the type change is to have a `soun' changed to a
`vide'. This results in a 72-byte allocation (x86-64) for the
`p_sample_soun' member of the p_box->data union when the box is read:
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.c
,----
| 1614 static int MP4_ReadBox_sample_soun( stream_t *p_stream, MP4_Box_t *p_box )
| 1615 {
| 1616 p_box->i_handler = ATOM_soun;
| 1617 MP4_READBOX_ENTER( MP4_Box_data_sample_soun_t );
| ....
`----
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.h
,----
| 1351 #define MP4_READBOX_ENTER( MP4_Box_data_TYPE_t ) \
| ....
| 1369 if( !( p_box->data.p_payload = calloc( 1, sizeof( MP4_Box_data_TYPE_t ) ) ) ) \
| 1370 { \
| ....
| 1373 }
`----
where `p_box' is MP4_Box_t:
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.h
,----
| 1284 typedef struct MP4_Box_s
| 1285 {
| ....
| 1296 MP4_Box_data_t data; /* union of pointers on extended data depending
| 1297 on i_type (or i_usertype) */
| ....
| 1306 } MP4_Box_t;
`----
and MP4_Box_data_t:
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.h
,----
| 1200 typedef union MP4_Box_data_s
| 1201 {
| ....
| 1220 MP4_Box_data_sample_vide_t *p_sample_vide;
| 1221 MP4_Box_data_sample_soun_t *p_sample_soun;
| ....
| 1278 void *p_payload; /* for unknow type */
| 1279 } MP4_Box_data_t;
`----
,----
| (gdb) p sizeof(MP4_Box_data_sample_soun_t)
| $1 = 72
`----
After the box has had its type changed to `vide' and it's later freed,
the `p_sample_vide' member of the p_box->data union is used:
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.c
,----
| 1861 void MP4_FreeBox_sample_vide( MP4_Box_t *p_box )
| 1862 {
| 1863 FREENULL( p_box->data.p_sample_vide->p_qt_image_description );
| 1864 }
`----
,----
| (gdb) p sizeof(MP4_Box_data_sample_vide_t)
| $2 = 96
| (gdb)
`----
vlc-2.2.8/modules/demux/mp4/libmp4.h
,----
| 529 typedef struct MP4_Box_data_sample_vide_s
| 530 {
| ...
| 557 uint8_t *p_qt_image_description;
| 558
| 559 } MP4_Box_data_sample_vide_t;
`----
`p_sample_vide' is 24 bytes larger than `p_sample_soun', and
`p_qt_image_description' is at the end of the vide struct; i.e. the
pointer to be free()d is read out-of-bounds from potentially
user-controlled memory.
`mkmp4.py' at [2]
,----
| $ uname -imrs
| FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE-p4 amd64 GENERIC
| $ ./mkmp4.py file.mp4
| $ vlc --version
| VLC media player 2.2.8 Weatherwax (revision 2.2.7-14-g3cc1d8cba9)
| $ gdb -q --args vlc file.mp4
| (gdb) set breakpoint pending on
| (gdb) b libmp4.c:1618
| No source file named libmp4.c.
| Breakpoint 1 (libmp4.c:1618) pending.
| (gdb) b libmp4.c:1863
| No source file named libmp4.c.
| Breakpoint 2 (libmp4.c:1863) pending.
| (gdb) r
| [...]
| Breakpoint 3, MP4_ReadBox_sample_soun (p_stream=0x802ab2710, p_box=0x802a85000) at demux/mp4/libmp4.c:1618
| 1618 p_box->data.p_sample_soun->p_qt_description = NULL;
| (gdb) p p_box->data.p_sample_soun
| $1 = (MP4_Box_data_sample_soun_t *) 0x802a79810
| (gdb) c
| Continuing.
|
| Breakpoint 4, MP4_FreeBox_sample_vide (p_box=0x802a85000) at demux/mp4/libmp4.c:1863
| 1863 FREENULL( p_box->data.p_sample_vide->p_qt_image_description );
| (gdb) p p_box->data.p_sample_vide
| $2 = (MP4_Box_data_sample_vide_t *) 0x802a79810
| (gdb) p p_box->data.p_sample_vide->p_qt_image_description
| $3 = (uint8_t *) 0x1122334455667788 <Error reading address 0x1122334455667788: Bad address>
| (gdb) b free
| Breakpoint 5 at 0x8019d3ce4
| (gdb) c
| Continuing.
|
| Breakpoint 5, 0x00000008019d3ce4 in free () from /lib/libc.so.7
| (gdb) p/x $rdi
| $4 = 0x1122334455667788
| (gdb) c
| Continuing.
|
| Program received signal SIGBUS, Bus error.
| 0x00000008019d36f3 in realloc () from /lib/libc.so.7
| (gdb) x/i $rip
| 0x8019d36f3 <realloc+3939>: mov rbx,QWORD PTR [rax+rcx*8+0x68]
| (gdb) i r
| rax 0x1122334455600000 1234605616436084736
| rbx 0x1122334455667788 1234605616436508552
| rcx 0x5a 90
| [...]
| (gdb) bt 4
| #0 0x00000008019d36f3 in realloc () from /lib/libc.so.7
| #1 0x00000008019d3d51 in free () from /lib/libc.so.7
| #2 0x0000000806d7fafd in MP4_FreeBox_sample_vide (p_box=0x802a85000) at demux/mp4/libmp4.c:1863
| #3 0x0000000806d7fcfd in MP4_BoxFree (s=0x802ab2710, p_box=0x802a85000) at demux/mp4/libmp4.c:3680
`----
Solution
========
This issue does not affect the HEAD of the VLC master branch.
Footnotes
_________
[1] [http://xhelmboyx.tripod.com/formats/mp4-layout.txt]
[2] [https://gist.github.com/dyntopia/194d912287656f66dd502158b0cd2e68]
--
hji
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