Message-ID: <5fa8a298-9216-3309-5210-07cc1460b1ea@sec-consult.com>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2018 14:12:09 +0200
From: SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab <research@...-consult.com>
To: <bugtraq@...urityfocus.com>, <fulldisclosure@...lists.org>
Subject: [FD] SEC Consult SA-20180529-0 :: Unprotected WiFi access &
 Unencrypted data transfer in Vgate iCar2 OBD2 Dongle

SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20180529-0 >
=======================================================================
              title: Unprotected WiFi access & Unencrypted data transfer
            product: Vgate iCar 2 WiFi OBD2 Dongle
 vulnerable version: Vgate iCar 2 WiFi OBD2 Dongle
      fixed version: -
         CVE number: CVE-2018-11476
                     CVE-2018-11477
                     CVE-2018-11478
             impact: Critical
           homepage: http://www.vgate.com.cn
              found: 2018-04-24
                 by: T. Weber (Office Vienna)
                     SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab

                     An integrated part of SEC Consult
                     Europe | Asia | North America

                     https://www.sec-consult.com

=======================================================================

Vendor description:
-------------------
"Based in Shenzhen, China, Vgate Technology.co ltd. specializes in the
development, design and manufacture of diagnostic equipment, tools and
accessories in the automotive aftermarket industry.
We offers a selective range of products from automotive diagnostic tools
including code readers and scan tools, to test and inspection equipment such as
sensor testers and battery testers. Aside from the above, we also carry garage
equipment like infrared paint dryers and pipe expanders, and automotive
diagnostic accessories such as OBD diagnostic cable assemblies, SAE J1962
connectors, and vehicle to PC (or PDA) interface adapters (VAG-COM interfaces).
Though the company is young in age, we are strong in experiences in that all of
our major engineers have extensive R&D experience in the automotive aftermarket
technology. With the combination of our experienced and distinguished
specialists, low-cost manufacturing and exceptional customer service, M.B is
able to become the supplier of choice who delivers high quality products,
user-friendly designs and most competitive prices to both professional and
amateur (or DIYers) automotive technicians.

We are proud of ourselves in providing cost effective, timely and innovative
solutions with a first class service."

Source: http://www.vgate.com.cn/en/Aboutus.html


Business recommendation:
------------------------
By using the vulnerabilities which are documented in this advisory an attacker
can easily send arbitrary messages to the automotive communication bus
(CAN/FlexRay/...) of the car electronics and potentially take over
safety-critical car functions.

The vendor told SEC Consult in a phone call that our identified security
issues are common practice for such hardware and therefore will not be fixed!

SEC Consult recommends not to use this product until a thorough security
review has been performed by security professionals and all identified
issues have been resolved.


Vulnerability overview/description:
-----------------------------------
1) Unprotected WiFi Access (CVE-2018-11476)
The dongle opens an unprotected wireless LAN which cannot be configured with an
encryption / password. This enables anyone within the range of the WLAN to
connect to the network without authentication.

2) Unencrypted Data Transfer (CVE-2018-11477)
The data packets which are sent between the App and the OBD dongle are not
encrypted. The combination of this vulnerability with the lack of a wireless
network protection exposes all transferred car data to the public.

3) Unauthenticated Access to On-board Diagnostics (OBD) (CVE-2018-11478)
The OBD port is used to receive measurement data and debug information from the
car. This on-board diagnostics can also be used to send commands to the car
which is different for every vendor / car product line / car.

The mentioned features are usually needed for maintenance purposes but can be
abused by attackers. This is possible because the OBD interface is directly
accessible through port 35000 on the (unprotected) wireless access point of the
OBD device.

Because of the fact that it is never intended that other people have access to
the data bus (e.g. CAN) of your car while you are driving, this vulnerability is
seen as highly critical and a safety-critical threat to the public.


Proof of concept:
-----------------
Detailed of proof of concepts have been removed as the vendor did not provide
a patch.

1) Unprotected WiFi Access (CVE-2018-11476)
The unprotected wireless LAN is named "V-LINK". To create it, the "Fn-Link
(6110R-IF)" is used. It acts as wireless UART bridge to hand over the commands
of the App to the ELM327 compatible "iCar-2" chip.

2) Unencrypted Data Transfer (CVE-2018-11477)
All commands starting with "AT" and the "0100"/"0120" are strings which were
sent from the App to the OBD Dongle. The "X" character is a wildcard for an
arbitrary hexadecimal value and is used to anonymize car data in responses
for this advisory.

The following plain-text correspondence was recorded with wireshark during a
test-drive:

  ATZ
  ELM327 v2.1
  >ATE0
  ATE0
  OK
  >ATE0
  OK
  >ATM0
  OK
  >ATL0
  OK
  >ATS0
  OK
  >AT@1
  OBDII to RS232 Interpreter
  >ATI
  ELM327 v2.1
  >ATH0
  OK
  >ATAT1
  OK
  >ATDPN
  6
  >ATSP0
  OK
  >0100
  SEARCHING...
  410098XXXXXX
  410098XXXXXX
  >ATH1
  OK
  >ATDPN
  A6
  >0100
  7E806410098XXXXXX
  7E906410098XXXXXX
  >ATH1
  OK
  >0100
  7E806410098XXXXXX
  7E906410098XXXXXX
  >0120
  7E806412080XXXXXX
  7E906412080XXXXXX
  [...]
  >ATDPN
  A6
  >ATDP
  AUTO, ISO 15765-4 (CAN 11/500)


3) Unauthenticated Access to On-board Diagnostics (OBD) (CVE-2018-11478)
a) Read access on port 35000 to the on-board diagnostics:
* E.g. by sending the command "090X" vehicle information can be requested
* By sending the command "AT RV" the battery voltage can be requested
* The command "AT PPS" prints out the programmable parameter summary

b) Write access to the onboard diagnostics:
It was also possible to send commands to manipulate the CAN bus via WIFI.
A Nissan car has been tested for this, proof of concept information has been
removed.


Vulnerable / tested versions:
-----------------------------
Vgate iCar 2 Wi-Fi OBD2 Dongle

Based on an Amazon search a broad range of OBD2 dongles are just rebranded
and may contain the same hardware. Some vendor names for the same device are:

* TONWON
* iCarsoft
* iKKEGOL
* [...]


Vendor contact timeline:
------------------------
2018-04-25: Contacting vendor through support@...te.com; No response.
2018-05-07: Telephone call with CNCERT: No coordination for products.
2018-05-08: Telephone call with vendor: Vendor does not consider the issues
            as problematic, will not be fixed
2018-05-25: Requested CVE numbers.
2018-05-29: Release of security advisory


Solution:
---------
The vendor does not provide a fix and hence this product should not be used,
especially while driving the car.


Workaround:
-----------
None


Advisory URL:
-------------
https://www.sec-consult.com/en/vulnerability-lab/advisories/index.html


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab

SEC Consult
Europe | Asia | North America

About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult. It
ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network
and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The SEC Consult
Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation
of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers. Hence our
customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid
recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Contact our local offices https://www.sec-consult.com/en/contact/index.html
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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EOF T. Weber / @2018


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