linux-cve-announce - CVE-2023-54160: firmware: arm_sdei: Fix sleep from invalid context BUG

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Message-ID: <2025122429-CVE-2023-54160-ed90@gregkh>
Date: Wed, 24 Dec 2025 14:07:57 +0100
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
To: linux-cve-announce@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...nel.org>
Subject: CVE-2023-54160: firmware: arm_sdei: Fix sleep from invalid context BUG

From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...nel.org>

Description
===========

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

firmware: arm_sdei: Fix sleep from invalid context BUG

Running a preempt-rt (v6.2-rc3-rt1) based kernel on an Ampere Altra
triggers:

  BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:46
  in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 128, non_block: 0, pid: 24, name: cpuhp/0
  preempt_count: 0, expected: 0
  RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0
  3 locks held by cpuhp/0/24:
    #0: ffffda30217c70d0 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x5c/0x248
    #1: ffffda30217c7120 (cpuhp_state-up){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: cpuhp_thread_fun+0x5c/0x248
    #2: ffffda3021c711f0 (sdei_list_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: sdei_cpuhp_up+0x3c/0x130
  irq event stamp: 36
  hardirqs last  enabled at (35): [<ffffda301e85b7bc>] finish_task_switch+0xb4/0x2b0
  hardirqs last disabled at (36): [<ffffda301e812fec>] cpuhp_thread_fun+0x21c/0x248
  softirqs last  enabled at (0): [<ffffda301e80b184>] copy_process+0x63c/0x1ac0
  softirqs last disabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0
  CPU: 0 PID: 24 Comm: cpuhp/0 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-rt5-[...]
  Hardware name: WIWYNN Mt.Jade Server [...]
  Call trace:
    dump_backtrace+0x114/0x120
    show_stack+0x20/0x70
    dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xd8
    dump_stack+0x18/0x34
    __might_resched+0x188/0x228
    rt_spin_lock+0x70/0x120
    sdei_cpuhp_up+0x3c/0x130
    cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x250/0xf08
    cpuhp_thread_fun+0x120/0x248
    smpboot_thread_fn+0x280/0x320
    kthread+0x130/0x140
    ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20

sdei_cpuhp_up() is called in the STARTING hotplug section,
which runs with interrupts disabled. Use a CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN entry
instead to execute the cpuhp cb later, with preemption enabled.

SDEI originally got its own cpuhp slot to allow interacting
with perf. It got superseded by pNMI and this early slot is not
relevant anymore. [1]

Some SDEI calls (e.g. SDEI_1_0_FN_SDEI_PE_MASK) take actions on the
calling CPU. It is checked that preemption is disabled for them.
_ONLINE cpuhp cb are executed in the 'per CPU hotplug thread'.
Preemption is enabled in those threads, but their cpumask is limited
to 1 CPU.
Move 'WARN_ON_ONCE(preemptible())' statements so that SDEI cpuhp cb
don't trigger them.

Also add a check for the SDEI_1_0_FN_SDEI_PRIVATE_RESET SDEI call
which acts on the calling CPU.

[1]:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/5813b8c5-ae3e-87fd-fccc-94c9cd08816d@arm.com/

The Linux kernel CVE team has assigned CVE-2023-54160 to this issue.


Affected and fixed versions
===========================

	Fixed in 4.19.284 with commit 59842a9ba27d5390ae5bf3233a92cad3a26d495c
	Fixed in 5.4.244 with commit 48ac727ea4a3577eb1b4e24f807ba532c47930f9
	Fixed in 5.10.181 with commit 7d8f5ccc826b39e05ff252b1fccd808c7a0725e0
	Fixed in 5.15.113 with commit 66caf22787714c925e755719c293aaf3cb0b873b
	Fixed in 6.1.30 with commit a8267bc8de736cae927165191b52fbc20d101dd1
	Fixed in 6.3.4 with commit 18d5ea5b746120a3972e6c347ad9428228445327
	Fixed in 6.4 with commit d2c48b2387eb89e0bf2a2e06e30987cf410acad4

Please see https://www.kernel.org for a full list of currently supported
kernel versions by the kernel community.

Unaffected versions might change over time as fixes are backported to
older supported kernel versions.  The official CVE entry at
	https://cve.org/CVERecord/?id=CVE-2023-54160
will be updated if fixes are backported, please check that for the most
up to date information about this issue.


Affected files
==============

The file(s) affected by this issue are:
	drivers/firmware/arm_sdei.c
	include/linux/cpuhotplug.h


Mitigation
==========

The Linux kernel CVE team recommends that you update to the latest
stable kernel version for this, and many other bugfixes.  Individual
changes are never tested alone, but rather are part of a larger kernel
release.  Cherry-picking individual commits is not recommended or
supported by the Linux kernel community at all.  If however, updating to
the latest release is impossible, the individual changes to resolve this
issue can be found at these commits:
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59842a9ba27d5390ae5bf3233a92cad3a26d495c
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48ac727ea4a3577eb1b4e24f807ba532c47930f9
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d8f5ccc826b39e05ff252b1fccd808c7a0725e0
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66caf22787714c925e755719c293aaf3cb0b873b
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8267bc8de736cae927165191b52fbc20d101dd1
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18d5ea5b746120a3972e6c347ad9428228445327
	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c48b2387eb89e0bf2a2e06e30987cf410acad4