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Message-ID: <2025122456-CVE-2025-68358-4efc@gregkh>
Date: Wed, 24 Dec 2025 11:35:03 +0100
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
To: linux-cve-announce@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...nel.org>
Subject: CVE-2025-68358: btrfs: fix racy bitfield write in btrfs_clear_space_info_full()
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...nel.org>
Description
===========
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: fix racy bitfield write in btrfs_clear_space_info_full()
>>From the memory-barriers.txt document regarding memory barrier ordering
guarantees:
(*) These guarantees do not apply to bitfields, because compilers often
generate code to modify these using non-atomic read-modify-write
sequences. Do not attempt to use bitfields to synchronize parallel
algorithms.
(*) Even in cases where bitfields are protected by locks, all fields
in a given bitfield must be protected by one lock. If two fields
in a given bitfield are protected by different locks, the compiler's
non-atomic read-modify-write sequences can cause an update to one
field to corrupt the value of an adjacent field.
btrfs_space_info has a bitfield sharing an underlying word consisting of
the fields full, chunk_alloc, and flush:
struct btrfs_space_info {
struct btrfs_fs_info * fs_info; /* 0 8 */
struct btrfs_space_info * parent; /* 8 8 */
...
int clamp; /* 172 4 */
unsigned int full:1; /* 176: 0 4 */
unsigned int chunk_alloc:1; /* 176: 1 4 */
unsigned int flush:1; /* 176: 2 4 */
...
Therefore, to be safe from parallel read-modify-writes losing a write to
one of the bitfield members protected by a lock, all writes to all the
bitfields must use the lock. They almost universally do, except for
btrfs_clear_space_info_full() which iterates over the space_infos and
writes out found->full = 0 without a lock.
Imagine that we have one thread completing a transaction in which we
finished deleting a block_group and are thus calling
btrfs_clear_space_info_full() while simultaneously the data reclaim
ticket infrastructure is running do_async_reclaim_data_space():
T1 T2
btrfs_commit_transaction
btrfs_clear_space_info_full
data_sinfo->full = 0
READ: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1
do_async_reclaim_data_space(data_sinfo)
spin_lock(&space_info->lock);
if(list_empty(tickets))
space_info->flush = 0;
READ: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1
MOD/WRITE: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:0
spin_unlock(&space_info->lock);
return;
MOD/WRITE: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1
and now data_sinfo->flush is 1 but the reclaim worker has exited. This
breaks the invariant that flush is 0 iff there is no work queued or
running. Once this invariant is violated, future allocations that go
into __reserve_bytes() will add tickets to space_info->tickets but will
see space_info->flush is set to 1 and not queue the work. After this,
they will block forever on the resulting ticket, as it is now impossible
to kick the worker again.
I also confirmed by looking at the assembly of the affected kernel that
it is doing RMW operations. For example, to set the flush (3rd) bit to 0,
the assembly is:
andb $0xfb,0x60(%rbx)
and similarly for setting the full (1st) bit to 0:
andb $0xfe,-0x20(%rax)
So I think this is really a bug on practical systems. I have observed
a number of systems in this exact state, but am currently unable to
reproduce it.
Rather than leaving this footgun lying around for the future, take
advantage of the fact that there is room in the struct anyway, and that
it is already quite large and simply change the three bitfield members to
bools. This avoids writes to space_info->full having any effect on
writes to space_info->flush, regardless of locking.
The Linux kernel CVE team has assigned CVE-2025-68358 to this issue.
Affected and fixed versions
===========================
Issue introduced in 4.8 with commit 957780eb2788d8c218d539e19a85653f51a96dc1 and fixed in 6.17.13 with commit 6f442808a86eef847ee10afa9e6459494ed85bb3
Issue introduced in 4.8 with commit 957780eb2788d8c218d539e19a85653f51a96dc1 and fixed in 6.18.2 with commit 742b90eaf394f0018352c0e10dc89763b2dd5267
Issue introduced in 4.8 with commit 957780eb2788d8c218d539e19a85653f51a96dc1 and fixed in 6.19-rc1 with commit 38e818718c5e04961eea0fa8feff3f100ce40408
Please see https://www.kernel.org for a full list of currently supported
kernel versions by the kernel community.
Unaffected versions might change over time as fixes are backported to
older supported kernel versions. The official CVE entry at
https://cve.org/CVERecord/?id=CVE-2025-68358
will be updated if fixes are backported, please check that for the most
up to date information about this issue.
Affected files
==============
The file(s) affected by this issue are:
fs/btrfs/block-group.c
fs/btrfs/space-info.c
fs/btrfs/space-info.h
Mitigation
==========
The Linux kernel CVE team recommends that you update to the latest
stable kernel version for this, and many other bugfixes. Individual
changes are never tested alone, but rather are part of a larger kernel
release. Cherry-picking individual commits is not recommended or
supported by the Linux kernel community at all. If however, updating to
the latest release is impossible, the individual changes to resolve this
issue can be found at these commits:
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f442808a86eef847ee10afa9e6459494ed85bb3
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/742b90eaf394f0018352c0e10dc89763b2dd5267
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38e818718c5e04961eea0fa8feff3f100ce40408
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