linux-ext4 - Re: inconsistent file placement

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Date:	Mon, 05 Jul 2010 21:38:14 -0500
From:	Eric Sandeen <sandeen@...hat.com>
To:	Daniel Taylor <Daniel.Taylor@....com>
CC:	linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: inconsistent file placement

Daniel Taylor wrote:
> I realize that it is enerally not a good idea to tune
> an operating system, or subsystem, for benchmarking, but
> there's something that I don't understand about ext[234]
> that is badly affecting our product.  File placement on
> newly-created file systems is inconsistent.  I can't,
> yet, call it a bug, but I really need to understand what
> is happening, and I cannot find, in the source code, the
> source of the randomization (related to "goal"???).
> 
> Disk drive performance for writing/reading large files
> is rather sensitive to outer-/inner-diameter cylinder
> placement.  When I create the same file multiple times
> on newly-created ext[234] file systems on the same disk
> partition, I find that it does not consistently occupy
> the same blocks.  In fact, there is enough difference in
> location to cause real differences in performance from
> test to test, which I cannot justify to management.
> 
> We are currently on 2.6.32.12, using a 32-bit powerpc.  The
> system is booted from tftp and the root file system is NFS
> for the test.  The partition used is always the same one,
> and it is the only one mounted from the disk.  There is
> always exactly one (5G) file created using the same command
> "for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do dd if=/hex.txt bs=64K; \
> done >>/DataVolume/hex.txt", where /hex.txt is a 1G file
> and /DataVolume is the mounted disk partition.
> 
> I have tried, as I said, ext[234], and have tinkered with
> most of the options, including orlov/oldallocator, and the
> behavior doesn't change.  Here's a sample of dumpe2fs
> output from three runs, in a diff3:
> 
> ====
> 1:51,52c
>     44750 free blocks, 65268 free inodes, 2 directories
>     Free blocks: 295-45044
> 2:51,52c
>     11990 free blocks, 65268 free inodes, 2 directories
>     Free blocks: 295-12284
> 3:51,52c
>     40655 free blocks, 65268 free inodes, 2 directories
>     Free blocks: 295-40949
> ====
> 1:59,60c
>     3794 free blocks, 65280 free inodes, 0 directories
>     Free blocks: 65819-65823, 127267-131055
> 2:59,60c
>     36554 free blocks, 65280 free inodes, 0 directories
>     Free blocks: 65819-65823, 94507-131055
> 3:59,60c
>     7889 free blocks, 65280 free inodes, 0 directories
>     Free blocks: 65819-65823, 123172-131055
> 
> Thanks for any help,

Using a recent e2fsprogs, and the "filefrag -v" command, will
give you much more interesting layout information:

# filefrag -v testfile
Filesystem type is: ef53
File size of testfile is 1073741824 (262144 blocks, blocksize 4096)
 ext logical physical expected length flags
   0       0  1865728           32768 
   1   32768  1898496           32768 
   2   65536  1931264           32768 
   3   98304  1964032           32768 
   4  131072  1996800            2048 
   5  133120  2000896  1998847  32768 
   6  165888  2033664           32768 
   7  198656  2066432           30720 
   8  229376  2236416  2097151   8192 
   9  237568  2252800  2244607  24576 eof
testfile: 4 extents found

(hm, not sure about that 4 extent business, it must be merging
adjacent extents)

Anyway, that's easier than going backwards from free blocks.

Also, ext3 vs. ext4 will likely have very different allocator
behavior, so a full specification of your testing, with the filefrag
output, would probably best characterize what you're seeing.

-Eric
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