Message-Id: <1342943986-12413-3-git-send-email-wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Date:	Sun, 22 Jul 2012 15:59:38 +0800
From:	Zheng Liu <gnehzuil.liu@...il.com>
To:	linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org
Cc:	xiaoqiangnk@...il.com, achender@...ux.vnet.ibm.com,
	wenqing.lz@...bao.com
Subject: [RFC][PATCH 02/10 v1][RESEND] ext4: add operations on extent status tree

From: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@...bao.com>

This patch adds operations on a extent status tree.

Signed-off-by: Yongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@...il.com>
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@...bao.com>
---
 fs/ext4/Makefile         |    2 +-
 fs/ext4/extents_status.c |  418 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 fs/ext4/extents_status.h |   17 ++
 3 files changed, 436 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 fs/ext4/extents_status.c

diff --git a/fs/ext4/Makefile b/fs/ext4/Makefile
index 56fd8f86..41f22be 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/Makefile
+++ b/fs/ext4/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_EXT4_FS) += ext4.o
 ext4-y	:= balloc.o bitmap.o dir.o file.o fsync.o ialloc.o inode.o page-io.o \
 		ioctl.o namei.o super.o symlink.o hash.o resize.o extents.o \
 		ext4_jbd2.o migrate.o mballoc.o block_validity.o move_extent.o \
-		mmp.o indirect.o
+		mmp.o indirect.o extents_status.o
 
 ext4-$(CONFIG_EXT4_FS_XATTR)		+= xattr.o xattr_user.o xattr_trusted.o
 ext4-$(CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL)	+= acl.o
diff --git a/fs/ext4/extents_status.c b/fs/ext4/extents_status.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4e589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ext4/extents_status.c
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+ *  fs/ext4/extents_status.c
+ *
+ * Written by Yongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@...il.com>
+ *
+ * Ext4 extents status tree core functions.
+ */
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include "ext4.h"
+#include "extents_status.h"
+#include "ext4_extents.h"
+
+/*
+ * extents status tree implementation for ext4.
+ *
+ *
+ * ==========================================================================
+ * Extents status encompass delayed extents and extent locks
+ *
+ * 1. Why delayed extent implementation ?
+ *
+ * Without delayed extent, ext4 identifies a delayed extent by looking up
+ * page cache, this has several deficiencies - complicated, buggy, and
+ * inefficient code.
+ *
+ * FIEMAP, SEEK_HOLE/DATA, bigalloc, punch hole and writeout all need to know if
+ * a block or a range of blocks are belonged to a delayed extent.
+ *
+ * Let us have a look at how they do without delayed extents implementation.
+ *   --	FIEMAP
+ *	FIEMAP looks up page cache to identify delayed allocations from holes.
+ *
+ *   --	SEEK_HOLE/DATA
+ *	SEEK_HOLE/DATA has the same problem as FIEMAP.
+ *
+ *   --	bigalloc
+ *	bigalloc looks up page cache to figure out if a block is already
+ *	under delayed allocation or not to determine whether quota reserving
+ *	is needed for the cluster.
+ *
+ *   -- punch hole
+ *	punch hole looks up page cache to identify a delayed extent.
+ *
+ *   --	writeout
+ *	Writeout looks up whole page cache to see if a buffer is mapped, If
+ *	there are not very many delayed buffers, then it is time comsuming.
+ *
+ * With delayed extents implementation, FIEMAP, SEEK_HOLE/DATA, bigalloc and
+ * writeout can figure out if a block or a range of blocks is under delayed
+ * allocation(belonged to a delayed extent) or not by searching the delayed
+ * extent tree.
+ *
+ *
+ * ==========================================================================
+ * 2. ext4 delayed extents impelmentation
+ *
+ *   --	delayed extent
+ *	A delayed extent is a range of blocks which are contiguous logically and
+ *	under delayed allocation.  Unlike extent in ext4, delayed extent in ext4
+ *	is a in-memory struct, there is no corresponding on-disk data.  There is
+ *	no limit on length of delayed extent, so a delayed extent can contain as
+ *	many blocks as they are contiguous logically.
+ *
+ *   --	delayed extent tree
+ *	Every inode has a delayed extent tree and all under delayed allocation
+ *	blocks are added to the tree as dealyed extents.  Delayed extents in
+ *	the tree are ordered by logical block no.
+ *
+ *   --	operations on a delayed extent tree
+ *	There are three operations on a delayed extent tree: find next delayed
+ *	extent, adding a space(a range of blocks) and removing a space.
+ *
+ *   --	race on a delayed extent tree
+ *	Delayed extent tree is protected inode->i_data_sem like extent tree.
+ *
+ *
+ * ==========================================================================
+ * 3. performance analysis
+ *   --	overhead
+ *	1. Apart from operations on a delayed extent tree, we need to
+ *	down_write(inode->i_data_sem) in delayed write path to maintain delayed
+ *	extent tree, this can have impact on parallel read-write and write-write
+ *
+ *	2. There is a cache extent for write access, so if writes are not very
+ *	random, adding space operaions are in O(1) time.
+ *
+ *   --	gain
+ *	3. Code is much simpler, more readable, more maintainable and
+ *      more efficient.
+ */
+
+static struct kmem_cache *ext4_es_cachep;
+
+int __init ext4_init_es(void)
+{
+	ext4_es_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(extent_status, SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT);
+	if (ext4_es_cachep == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void ext4_exit_es(void)
+{
+	if (ext4_es_cachep)
+		kmem_cache_destroy(ext4_es_cachep);
+}
+
+void ext4_es_init_tree(struct ext4_es_tree *tree)
+{
+	tree->root = RB_ROOT;
+	tree->cache_es = NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef SE_DEBUG
+static void ext4_es_print_tree(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ext4_es_tree *tree;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "status extents for inode %lu:", inode->i_ino);
+	tree = &EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_tree;
+	node = rb_first(&tree->root);
+	while (node) {
+		struct extent_status *es;
+		es = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG " [%u/%u)", es->start, es->len);
+		node = rb_next(node);
+	}
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\n");
+}
+#else
+#define ext4_es_print_tree(inode)
+#endif
+
+static inline ext4_lblk_t extent_status_end(struct extent_status *es)
+{
+	if (es->start + es->len < es->start)
+		return (ext4_lblk_t)-1;
+	return es->start + es->len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * search through the tree for an delayed_extent with a given offset.  If
+ * it can't be found, try to find next extent.
+ */
+static struct extent_status *__es_tree_search(struct rb_root *root,
+						ext4_lblk_t offset)
+{
+	struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
+	struct extent_status *es = NULL;
+
+	while (node) {
+		es = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+		if (offset < es->start)
+			node = node->rb_left;
+		else if (offset >= extent_status_end(es))
+			node = node->rb_right;
+		else
+			return es;
+	}
+
+	if (es && offset < es->start)
+		return es;
+
+	if (es && offset >= extent_status_end(es)) {
+		node = rb_next(&es->rb_node);
+		return node ? rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node) :
+			      NULL;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext4_es_find_extent: find the 1st delayed extent covering @es->start
+ * if it exists, otherwise, the next extent after @es->start.
+ *
+ * @inode: the inode which owns delayed extents
+ * @es: delayed extent that we found
+ *
+ * Returns next block beyond the found extent.
+ * Delayed extent is returned via @es.
+ */
+ext4_lblk_t ext4_es_find_extent(struct inode *inode, struct extent_status *es)
+{
+	struct ext4_es_tree *tree;
+	struct extent_status *es1;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+	ext4_lblk_t ret = EXT_MAX_BLOCKS;
+
+	es->len = 0;
+	tree = &EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_tree;
+	es1 = __es_tree_search(&tree->root, es->start);
+	if (es1) {
+		tree->cache_es = es1;
+		es->start = es1->start;
+		es->len = es1->len;
+		node = rb_next(&es1->rb_node);
+		if (node) {
+			es1 = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+			ret = es1->start;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct extent_status *
+ext4_es_alloc_extent(ext4_lblk_t start, ext4_lblk_t len)
+{
+	struct extent_status *es;
+	es = kmem_cache_alloc(ext4_es_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (es == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	es->start = start;
+	es->len = len;
+	return es;
+}
+
+static void ext4_es_free_extent(struct extent_status *es)
+{
+	kmem_cache_free(ext4_es_cachep, es);
+}
+
+static void ext4_es_try_to_merge_left(struct ext4_es_tree *tree,
+				      struct extent_status *es)
+{
+	struct extent_status *es1;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+
+	node = rb_prev(&es->rb_node);
+	if (!node)
+		return;
+
+	es1 = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+	if (extent_status_end(es1) == es->start) {
+		es1->len += es->len;
+		rb_erase(&es->rb_node, &tree->root);
+		if (es == tree->cache_es)
+			tree->cache_es = es1;
+		ext4_es_free_extent(es);
+	}
+}
+
+static void ext4_es_try_to_merge_right(struct ext4_es_tree *tree,
+				       struct extent_status *es)
+{
+	struct extent_status *es1;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+
+	node = rb_next(&es->rb_node);
+	if (!node)
+		return;
+
+	es1 = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+	if (es1->start == extent_status_end(es)) {
+		es->len += es1->len;
+		rb_erase(node, &tree->root);
+		if (es1 == tree->cache_es)
+			tree->cache_es = es;
+		ext4_es_free_extent(es1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext4_es_add_space: adds a space to a delayed extent tree.
+ * Caller holds inode->i_data_sem.
+ *
+ * ext4_es_add_space is callyed by ext4_dealyed_write_begin and
+ * ext4_es_remove_space.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, error code on failure.
+ */
+int ext4_es_add_space(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t offset, ext4_lblk_t len)
+{
+	struct ext4_es_tree *tree = &EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_tree;
+	struct rb_node **p = &tree->root.rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
+	struct extent_status *es;
+	ext4_lblk_t end = offset + len;
+
+	BUG_ON(end <= offset);
+
+	es = tree->cache_es;
+	es_debug("add [%u/%u) to extent status tree of inode %lu\n",
+		 offset, len, inode->i_ino);
+
+	if (es && extent_status_end(es) == offset) {
+		es_debug("cached by [%u/%u)\n", es->start, es->len);
+		es->len += len;
+		ext4_es_try_to_merge_right(tree, es);
+		goto out;
+	} else if (es && es->start == end) {
+		es_debug("cached by [%u/%u)\n", es->start, es->len);
+		es->start = offset;
+		es->len += len;
+		ext4_es_try_to_merge_left(tree, es);
+		goto out;
+	} else if (es && es->start <= offset &&
+		   extent_status_end(es) >= end) {
+		es_debug("cached by [%u/%u)\n", es->start, es->len);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	while (*p) {
+		parent = *p;
+		es = rb_entry(parent, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+
+		if (offset < es->start) {
+			if (end == es->start) {
+				es->len += len;
+				es->start = offset;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		} else if (offset >= extent_status_end(es)) {
+			if (extent_status_end(es) == offset) {
+				es->len += len;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		} else
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	es = ext4_es_alloc_extent(offset, len);
+	if (!es)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	rb_link_node(&es->rb_node, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&es->rb_node, &tree->root);
+
+out:
+	tree->cache_es = es;
+	ext4_es_print_tree(inode);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ext4_es_remove_space() removes a space from a delayed extent tree.
+ * Caller holds inode->i_data_sem.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, error code on failure.
+ */
+int ext4_es_remove_space(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t offset,
+			 ext4_lblk_t len)
+{
+	struct rb_node *node;
+	struct ext4_es_tree *tree;
+	struct extent_status *es;
+	struct extent_status orig_es;
+	ext4_lblk_t len1, len2, end;
+
+	es_debug("remove [%u/%u) from extent status tree of inode %lu\n",
+		 offset, len, inode->i_ino);
+
+	end = offset + len;
+	BUG_ON(end <= offset);
+	tree = &EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_tree;
+	es = __es_tree_search(&tree->root, offset);
+	if (!es)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Simply invalidate cache_es. */
+	tree->cache_es = NULL;
+
+	orig_es.start = es->start;
+	orig_es.len = es->len;
+	len1 = offset > es->start ? offset - es->start : 0;
+	len2 = extent_status_end(es) > end ?
+	       extent_status_end(es) - end : 0;
+	if (len1 > 0)
+		es->len = len1;
+	if (len2 > 0) {
+		if (len1 > 0) {
+			int err;
+			err = ext4_es_add_space(inode, end, len2);
+			if (err) {
+				es->start = orig_es.start;
+				es->len = orig_es.len;
+				return err;
+			}
+		} else {
+			es->start = end;
+			es->len = len2;
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (len1 > 0) {
+		node = rb_next(&es->rb_node);
+		if (!node)
+			es = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+		else
+			es = NULL;
+	}
+
+	while (es && extent_status_end(es) <= end) {
+		node = rb_next(&es->rb_node);
+		rb_erase(&es->rb_node, &tree->root);
+		ext4_es_free_extent(es);
+		if (!node) {
+			es = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+		es = rb_entry(node, struct extent_status, rb_node);
+	}
+
+	if (es && es->start < end) {
+		len1 = extent_status_end(es) - end;
+		es->start = end;
+		es->len = len1;
+	}
+
+out:
+	ext4_es_print_tree(inode);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ext4/extents_status.h b/fs/ext4/extents_status.h
index d87fd71..8fe8084 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/extents_status.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/extents_status.h
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@
 #ifndef _EXT4_EXTENTS_STATUS_H
 #define _EXT4_EXTENTS_STATUS_H
 
+#ifdef ES_DEBUG
+#define es_debug(a...)         printk(a)
+#else
+#define es_debug(a...)
+#endif
+
 struct extent_status {
 	struct rb_node rb_node;
 	ext4_lblk_t start;	/* first block extent covers */
@@ -19,4 +25,15 @@ struct ext4_es_tree {
 	struct extent_status *cache_es;	/* recently accessed extent */
 };
 
+extern int __init ext4_init_es(void);
+extern void ext4_exit_es(void);
+extern void ext4_es_init_tree(struct ext4_es_tree *tree);
+
+extern int ext4_es_add_space(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t start,
+				ext4_lblk_t len);
+extern int ext4_es_remove_space(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t start,
+				ext4_lblk_t len);
+extern ext4_lblk_t ext4_es_find_extent(struct inode *inode,
+				struct extent_status *es);
+
 #endif /* _EXT4_EXTENTS_STATUS_H */
-- 
1.7.4.1

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