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Message-ID: <20141204234544.GD10059@birch.djwong.org>
Date: Thu, 4 Dec 2014 15:45:44 -0800
From: "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@...cle.com>
To: Andreas Dilger <adilger@...ger.ca>
Cc: tytso@....edu, linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 33/47] e2fsck: rebuild sparse extent trees/convert
non-extent ext3 files
On Thu, Dec 04, 2014 at 04:20:12PM -0700, Andreas Dilger wrote:
> On Nov 7, 2014, at 2:54 PM, Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@...cle.com> wrote:
> >
> > Teach e2fsck to construct extent trees. This enables us to do either
> > of the following: compress a highly sparse extent tree into fewer ETB
> > blocks; or convert a ext3-style block mapped file to an extent file.
> >
> > For files that are already extent based, this algorithm will only run
> > if pass1 determines either (1) that a whole level of extent tree will
> > fit into a higher level of the tree; (2) that the size of any level
> > can be reduced by at least one ETB block; or (3) the extent tree is
> > unnecessarily deep. It will not run at all if errors are found and
> > the user declines to fix the errors.
> >
> > For block-mapped files, conversion only happens if the extent feature
> > is enabled and "-E bmap2extent" is passed to e2fsck. It will not run
> > at all if errors are left unfixed. After conversion, files larger
> > than 12 blocks should be defragmented to eliminate empty holes where a
> > block lives.
> >
> > The extent tree constructor is pretty dumb -- it creates a list of
> > leaf extents (adjacent extents are collapsed), marks all indirect
> > blocks / ETB blocks free, installs a new extent tree root in the
> > inode, then loads the leaf extents into the tree.
>
> Out of curiosity, when doing block-to-extent conversion, does it use
> the freed indirect blocks as index blocks to avoid holes in the file
> (and single unallocated blocks that would cause fragmentation), or
> does it allocate the index blocks at the start of the group according
> to keep index blocks together for fast access during e2fsck?
If you apply the two patches "libext2fs: find inode goal when allocating
blocks" and "libext2fs: set interior tree block goal more intelligently" then
it should pick up the freed indirect blocks for the extent blocks for faster
access during regular operation. Specifically, the second patch optimizes ETB
splits to try to find a block just prior to the first pblock of the first
extent, and the first patch makes the block allocator start looking for blocks
at the start of the group (instead of block 0) when it can't find any lblocks.
(On its own, the patch doesn't care and you'll get blocks starting at zero,
which is rather stupid.)
--D
>
> Cheers, Andreas
>
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@...cle.com>
> > ---
> > e2fsck/Makefile.in | 16 +
> > e2fsck/e2fsck.8.in | 3
> > e2fsck/e2fsck.c | 2
> > e2fsck/e2fsck.h | 11 +
> > e2fsck/extents.c | 352 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > e2fsck/pass1.c | 95 ++++++++-
> > e2fsck/problem.c | 43 ++++
> > e2fsck/problem.h | 28 +++
> > e2fsck/super.c | 7 +
> > e2fsck/unix.c | 4
> > tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.1 | 9 +
> > tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.2 | 2
> > tests/f_extent_int_bad_magic/expect.1 | 3
> > tests/f_extent_leaf_bad_magic/expect.1 | 3
> > tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.1 | 9 +
> > tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.2 | 2
> > tests/f_extents/expect.1 | 5
> > 17 files changed, 577 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
> > create mode 100644 e2fsck/extents.c
> >
> >
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/Makefile.in b/e2fsck/Makefile.in
> > index e40e51b..a4413d9 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/Makefile.in
> > +++ b/e2fsck/Makefile.in
> > @@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ OBJS= dict.o unix.o e2fsck.o super.o pass1.o pass1b.o pass2.o \
> > pass3.o pass4.o pass5.o journal.o badblocks.o util.o dirinfo.o \
> > dx_dirinfo.o ehandler.o problem.o message.o quota.o recovery.o \
> > region.o revoke.o ea_refcount.o rehash.o profile.o prof_err.o \
> > - logfile.o sigcatcher.o $(MTRACE_OBJ) plausible.o readahead.o
> > + logfile.o sigcatcher.o $(MTRACE_OBJ) plausible.o readahead.o \
> > + extents.o
> >
> > PROFILED_OBJS= profiled/dict.o profiled/unix.o profiled/e2fsck.o \
> > profiled/super.o profiled/pass1.o profiled/pass1b.o \
> > @@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ PROFILED_OBJS= profiled/dict.o profiled/unix.o profiled/e2fsck.o \
> > profiled/ea_refcount.o profiled/rehash.o profiled/profile.o \
> > profiled/prof_err.o profiled/logfile.o \
> > profiled/sigcatcher.o profiled/plausible.o \
> > - profiled/sigcatcher.o profiled/readahead.o
> > + profiled/sigcatcher.o profiled/readahead.o profiled/extents.o
> >
> > SRCS= $(srcdir)/e2fsck.c \
> > $(srcdir)/dict.c \
> > @@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ SRCS= $(srcdir)/e2fsck.c \
> > prof_err.c \
> > $(srcdir)/quota.c \
> > $(srcdir)/../misc/plausible.c \
> > + $(srcdir)/extents.c \
> > $(MTRACE_SRC)
> >
> > all:: profiled $(PROGS) e2fsck $(MANPAGES) $(FMANPAGES)
> > @@ -308,6 +310,16 @@ pass1.o: $(srcdir)/pass1.c $(top_builddir)/lib/config.h \
> > $(srcdir)/profile.h prof_err.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/quotaio.h \
> > $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/dqblk_v2.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/quotaio_tree.h \
> > $(top_srcdir)/lib/../e2fsck/dict.h $(srcdir)/problem.h
> > +extents.o: $(srcdir)/extents.c $(top_builddir)/lib/config.h \
> > + $(top_builddir)/lib/dirpaths.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/et/com_err.h \
> > + $(srcdir)/e2fsck.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_fs.h \
> > + $(top_builddir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_types.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2fs.h \
> > + $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext3_extents.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_io.h \
> > + $(top_builddir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_err.h \
> > + $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_ext_attr.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/bitops.h \
> > + $(srcdir)/profile.h prof_err.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/quotaio.h \
> > + $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/dqblk_v2.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/quota/quotaio_tree.h \
> > + $(top_srcdir)/lib/../e2fsck/dict.h $(srcdir)/problem.h $(srcdir)/dict.h
> > pass1b.o: $(srcdir)/pass1b.c $(top_builddir)/lib/config.h \
> > $(top_builddir)/lib/dirpaths.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/et/com_err.h \
> > $(srcdir)/e2fsck.h $(top_srcdir)/lib/ext2fs/ext2_fs.h \
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/e2fsck.8.in b/e2fsck/e2fsck.8.in
> > index 84ae50f..0c2725e 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/e2fsck.8.in
> > +++ b/e2fsck/e2fsck.8.in
> > @@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ e2fsck runtime. By default, this is set to the size of a block group's inode
> > table (typically 2MiB on a regular ext4 filesystem); if this amount is more
> > than 1/100 of total physical memory, readahead is disabled. Set this to zero
> > to disable readahead entirely.
> > +.TP
> > +.BI bmap2extent
> > +Convert block-mapped files to extent-mapped files.
> > .RE
> > .TP
> > .B \-f
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/e2fsck.c b/e2fsck/e2fsck.c
> > index fcda7d7..83506cb 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/e2fsck.c
> > +++ b/e2fsck/e2fsck.c
> > @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ void e2fsck_free_context(e2fsck_t ctx)
> > typedef void (*pass_t)(e2fsck_t ctx);
> >
> > static pass_t e2fsck_passes[] = {
> > - e2fsck_pass1, e2fsck_pass2, e2fsck_pass3, e2fsck_pass4,
> > + e2fsck_pass1, e2fsck_pass1e, e2fsck_pass2, e2fsck_pass3, e2fsck_pass4,
> > e2fsck_pass5, 0 };
> >
> > #define E2F_FLAG_RUN_RETURN (E2F_FLAG_SIGNAL_MASK|E2F_FLAG_RESTART)
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/e2fsck.h b/e2fsck/e2fsck.h
> > index e359515..66d71ee 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/e2fsck.h
> > +++ b/e2fsck/e2fsck.h
> > @@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ struct resource_track {
> > #define E2F_OPT_FRAGCHECK 0x0800
> > #define E2F_OPT_JOURNAL_ONLY 0x1000 /* only replay the journal */
> > #define E2F_OPT_DISCARD 0x2000
> > +#define E2F_OPT_CONVERT_BMAP 0x4000 /* convert blockmap to extent */
> >
> > /*
> > * E2fsck flags
> > @@ -381,6 +382,11 @@ struct e2fsck_struct {
> >
> > /* How much are we allowed to readahead? */
> > unsigned long long readahead_kb;
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * Inodes to rebuild extent trees
> > + */
> > + ext2fs_inode_bitmap inodes_to_rebuild;
> > };
> >
> > /* Used by the region allocation code */
> > @@ -456,6 +462,11 @@ extern blk64_t ea_refcount_intr_next(ext2_refcount_t refcount, int *ret);
> > extern const char *ehandler_operation(const char *op);
> > extern void ehandler_init(io_channel channel);
> >
> > +/* extents.c */
> > +void e2fsck_rebuild_extents_later(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_ino_t ino);
> > +int e2fsck_ino_will_be_rebuilt(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_ino_t ino);
> > +void e2fsck_pass1e(e2fsck_t ctx);
> > +
> > /* journal.c */
> > extern errcode_t e2fsck_check_ext3_journal(e2fsck_t ctx);
> > extern errcode_t e2fsck_run_ext3_journal(e2fsck_t ctx);
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/extents.c b/e2fsck/extents.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..91d36d2
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/e2fsck/extents.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
> > +/*
> > + * extents.c --- rebuild extent tree
> > + *
> > + * Copyright (C) 2014 Oracle.
> > + *
> > + * %Begin-Header%
> > + * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
> > + * License.
> > + * %End-Header%
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include "config.h"
> > +#include <string.h>
> > +#include <ctype.h>
> > +#include <errno.h>
> > +#include "e2fsck.h"
> > +#include "problem.h"
> > +
> > +#undef DEBUG
> > +#undef DEBUG_SUMMARY
> > +#undef DEBUG_FREE
> > +
> > +#define NUM_EXTENTS 341 /* about one ETB' worth of extents */
> > +
> > +/* Schedule an inode to have its extent tree rebuilt during pass 1E. */
> > +void e2fsck_rebuild_extents_later(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_ino_t ino)
> > +{
> > + if (!EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(ctx->fs->super,
> > + EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS) ||
> > + (ctx->options & E2F_OPT_NO) ||
> > + (ino != EXT2_ROOT_INO && ino < ctx->fs->super->s_first_ino))
> > + return;
> > + if (!ctx->inodes_to_rebuild)
> > + e2fsck_allocate_inode_bitmap(ctx->fs,
> > + _("extent rebuild inode map"),
> > + EXT2FS_BMAP64_AUTODIR,
> > + "inodes_to_rebuild",
> > + &ctx->inodes_to_rebuild);
> > + if (ctx->inodes_to_rebuild)
> > + ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inodes_to_rebuild, ino);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* Ask if an inode will have its extents rebuilt during pass 1E. */
> > +int e2fsck_ino_will_be_rebuilt(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_ino_t ino)
> > +{
> > + if (!ctx->inodes_to_rebuild)
> > + return 0;
> > + return ext2fs_test_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inodes_to_rebuild, ino);
> > +}
> > +
> > +struct extent_list {
> > + blk64_t blocks_freed;
> > + struct ext2fs_extent *extents;
> > + unsigned int count;
> > + unsigned int size;
> > + unsigned int ext_read;
> > + errcode_t retval;
> > + ext2_ino_t ino;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static errcode_t load_extents(e2fsck_t ctx, struct extent_list *list)
> > +{
> > + ext2_filsys fs = ctx->fs;
> > + ext2_extent_handle_t handle;
> > + struct ext2fs_extent extent;
> > + errcode_t retval;
> > +
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_open(fs, list->ino, &handle);
> > + if (retval)
> > + return retval;
> > +
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_get(handle, EXT2_EXTENT_ROOT, &extent);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto out;
> > +
> > + do {
> > + if (extent.e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_SECOND_VISIT)
> > + goto next;
> > +
> > + /* Internal node; free it and we'll re-allocate it later */
> > + if (!(extent.e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_LEAF)) {
> > +#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(DEBUG_FREE)
> > + printf("ino=%d free=%llu bf=%llu\n", list->ino,
> > + extent.e_pblk, list->blocks_freed + 1);
> > +#endif
> > + list->blocks_freed++;
> > + ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, extent.e_pblk, -1);
> > + goto next;
> > + }
> > +
> > + list->ext_read++;
> > + /* Can we attach it to the previous extent? */
> > + if (list->count) {
> > + struct ext2fs_extent *last = list->extents +
> > + list->count - 1;
> > + blk64_t end = last->e_len + extent.e_len;
> > +
> > + if (last->e_pblk + last->e_len == extent.e_pblk &&
> > + last->e_lblk + last->e_len == extent.e_lblk &&
> > + (last->e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT) ==
> > + (extent.e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT) &&
> > + end < (1ULL << 32)) {
> > + last->e_len += extent.e_len;
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("R: ino=%d len=%u\n", list->ino,
> > + last->e_len);
> > +#endif
> > + goto next;
> > + }
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Do we need to expand? */
> > + if (list->count == list->size) {
> > + unsigned int new_size = (list->size + NUM_EXTENTS) *
> > + sizeof(struct ext2fs_extent);
> > + retval = ext2fs_resize_mem(0, new_size, &list->extents);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto out;
> > + list->size += NUM_EXTENTS;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Add a new extent */
> > + memcpy(list->extents + list->count, &extent, sizeof(extent));
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("R: ino=%d pblk=%llu lblk=%llu len=%u\n", list->ino,
> > + extent.e_pblk, extent.e_lblk, extent.e_len);
> > +#endif
> > + list->count++;
> > +next:
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_get(handle, EXT2_EXTENT_NEXT, &extent);
> > + } while (retval == 0);
> > +
> > +out:
> > + /* Ok if we run off the end */
> > + if (retval == EXT2_ET_EXTENT_NO_NEXT)
> > + retval = 0;
> > + ext2fs_extent_free(handle);
> > + return retval;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int find_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t *blocknr, e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt,
> > + blk64_t ref_blk, int ref_offset, void *priv_data)
> > +{
> > + struct extent_list *list = priv_data;
> > +
> > + /* Internal node? */
> > + if (blockcnt < 0) {
> > +#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(DEBUG_FREE)
> > + printf("ino=%d free=%llu bf=%llu\n", list->ino, *blocknr,
> > + list->blocks_freed + 1);
> > +#endif
> > + list->blocks_freed++;
> > + ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, *blocknr, -1);
> > + return 0;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Can we attach it to the previous extent? */
> > + if (list->count) {
> > + struct ext2fs_extent *last = list->extents +
> > + list->count - 1;
> > + blk64_t end = last->e_len + 1;
> > +
> > + if (last->e_pblk + last->e_len == *blocknr &&
> > + end < (1ULL << 32)) {
> > + last->e_len++;
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("R: ino=%d len=%u\n", list->ino, last->e_len);
> > +#endif
> > + return 0;
> > + }
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Do we need to expand? */
> > + if (list->count == list->size) {
> > + unsigned int new_size = (list->size + NUM_EXTENTS) *
> > + sizeof(struct ext2fs_extent);
> > + list->retval = ext2fs_resize_mem(0, new_size, &list->extents);
> > + if (list->retval)
> > + return BLOCK_ABORT;
> > + list->size += NUM_EXTENTS;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* Add a new extent */
> > + list->extents[list->count].e_pblk = *blocknr;
> > + list->extents[list->count].e_lblk = blockcnt;
> > + list->extents[list->count].e_len = 1;
> > + list->extents[list->count].e_flags = 0;
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("R: ino=%d pblk=%llu lblk=%llu len=%u\n", list->ino, *blocknr,
> > + blockcnt, 1);
> > +#endif
> > + list->count++;
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static errcode_t rebuild_extent_tree(e2fsck_t ctx, struct extent_list *list,
> > + ext2_ino_t ino)
> > +{
> > + struct ext2_inode inode;
> > + errcode_t retval;
> > + ext2_extent_handle_t handle;
> > + unsigned int i, ext_written;
> > + struct ext2fs_extent *ex, extent;
> > +
> > + list->count = 0;
> > + list->blocks_freed = 0;
> > + list->ino = ino;
> > + list->ext_read = 0;
> > + e2fsck_read_inode(ctx, ino, &inode, "rebuild_extents");
> > +
> > + /* Collect lblk->pblk mappings */
> > + if (inode.i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL) {
> > + retval = load_extents(ctx, list);
> > + goto extents_loaded;
> > + }
> > +
> > + retval = ext2fs_block_iterate3(ctx->fs, ino, BLOCK_FLAG_READ_ONLY, 0,
> > + find_blocks, list);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto err;
> > + if (list->retval) {
> > + retval = list->retval;
> > + goto err;
> > + }
> > +
> > +extents_loaded:
> > + /* Reset extent tree */
> > + inode.i_flags &= ~EXT4_EXTENTS_FL;
> > + memset(inode.i_block, 0, sizeof(inode.i_block));
> > +
> > + /* Make a note of freed blocks */
> > + retval = ext2fs_iblk_sub_blocks(ctx->fs, &inode, list->blocks_freed);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto err;
> > +
> > + /* Now stuff extents into the file */
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_open2(ctx->fs, ino, &inode, &handle);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto err;
> > +
> > + ext_written = 0;
> > + for (i = 0, ex = list->extents; i < list->count; i++, ex++) {
> > + memcpy(&extent, ex, sizeof(struct ext2fs_extent));
> > + extent.e_flags &= EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT;
> > + if (extent.e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT) {
> > + if (extent.e_len > EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN) {
> > + extent.e_len = EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_pblk += EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_lblk += EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_len -= EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex--;
> > + i--;
> > + }
> > + } else {
> > + if (extent.e_len > EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN) {
> > + extent.e_len = EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_pblk += EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_lblk += EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex->e_len -= EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
> > + ex--;
> > + i--;
> > + }
> > + }
> > +
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("W: ino=%d pblk=%llu lblk=%llu len=%u\n", ino,
> > + extent.e_pblk, extent.e_lblk, extent.e_len);
> > +#endif
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_insert(handle, EXT2_EXTENT_INSERT_AFTER,
> > + &extent);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto err2;
> > + retval = ext2fs_extent_fix_parents(handle);
> > + if (retval)
> > + goto err2;
> > + ext_written++;
> > + }
> > +
> > +#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(DEBUG_SUMMARY)
> > + printf("rebuild: ino=%d extents=%d->%d\n", ino, list->ext_read,
> > + ext_written);
> > +#endif
> > + e2fsck_write_inode(ctx, ino, &inode, "rebuild_extents");
> > +
> > +err2:
> > + ext2fs_extent_free(handle);
> > +err:
> > + return retval;
> > +}
> > +
> > +void e2fsck_pass1e(e2fsck_t ctx)
> > +{
> > + struct problem_context pctx;
> > +#ifdef RESOURCE_TRACK
> > + struct resource_track rtrack;
> > +#endif
> > + struct extent_list list;
> > + int first = 1;
> > + ext2_ino_t ino = 0;
> > + errcode_t retval;
> > +
> > + if (!EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(ctx->fs->super,
> > + EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS) ||
> > + !ext2fs_test_valid(ctx->fs) ||
> > + ctx->invalid_bitmaps) {
> > + if (ctx->inodes_to_rebuild)
> > + ext2fs_free_inode_bitmap(ctx->inodes_to_rebuild);
> > + ctx->inodes_to_rebuild = NULL;
> > + }
> > +
> > + if (ctx->inodes_to_rebuild == NULL)
> > + return;
> > +
> > + init_resource_track(&rtrack, ctx->fs->io);
> > + clear_problem_context(&pctx);
> > + e2fsck_read_bitmaps(ctx);
> > +
> > + memset(&list, 0, sizeof(list));
> > + retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct ext2fs_extent) * NUM_EXTENTS,
> > + &list.extents);
> > + list.size = NUM_EXTENTS;
> > + while (1) {
> > + retval = ext2fs_find_first_set_inode_bitmap2(
> > + ctx->inodes_to_rebuild, ino + 1,
> > + ctx->fs->super->s_inodes_count, &ino);
> > + if (retval)
> > + break;
> > + pctx.ino = ino;
> > + if (first) {
> > + fix_problem(ctx, PR_1E_PASS_HEADER, &pctx);
> > + first = 0;
> > + }
> > + pctx.errcode = rebuild_extent_tree(ctx, &list, ino);
> > + if (pctx.errcode) {
> > + end_problem_latch(ctx, PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_EXT);
> > + fix_problem(ctx, PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_ERR, &pctx);
> > + }
> > + if (ctx->progress && !ctx->progress_fd)
> > + e2fsck_simple_progress(ctx, "Rebuilding extents",
> > + 100.0 * (float) ino /
> > + (float) ctx->fs->super->s_inodes_count,
> > + ino);
> > + }
> > + end_problem_latch(ctx, PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_EXT);
> > +
> > + ext2fs_free_inode_bitmap(ctx->inodes_to_rebuild);
> > + ctx->inodes_to_rebuild = NULL;
> > + ext2fs_free_mem(&list.extents);
> > +
> > + print_resource_track(ctx, "Pass 1E", &rtrack, ctx->fs->io);
> > +}
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/pass1.c b/e2fsck/pass1.c
> > index a963849..10008d9 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/pass1.c
> > +++ b/e2fsck/pass1.c
> > @@ -56,6 +56,8 @@
> > #define _INLINE_ inline
> > #endif
> >
> > +#undef DEBUG
> > +
> > static int process_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t *blocknr,
> > e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt, blk64_t ref_blk,
> > int ref_offset, void *priv_data);
> > @@ -77,11 +79,16 @@ static void adjust_extattr_refcount(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_refcount_t refcount,
> > char *block_buf, int adjust_sign);
> > /* static char *describe_illegal_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t block); */
> >
> > +struct extent_info {
> > + unsigned int num_extents;
> > + unsigned int max_extents;
> > +};
> > +
> > struct process_block_struct {
> > ext2_ino_t ino;
> > unsigned is_dir:1, is_reg:1, clear:1, suppress:1,
> > fragmented:1, compressed:1, bbcheck:1,
> > - inode_modified:1;
> > + inode_modified:1, extent_rebuild:1;
> > blk64_t num_blocks;
> > blk64_t max_blocks;
> > e2_blkcnt_t last_block;
> > @@ -95,6 +102,7 @@ struct process_block_struct {
> > e2fsck_t ctx;
> > blk64_t bad_ref;
> > region_t region;
> > + struct extent_info ext_info[MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT];
> > };
> >
> > struct process_inode_block {
> > @@ -2402,6 +2410,53 @@ static int has_unaligned_cluster_map(e2fsck_t ctx,
> > return 0;
> > }
> >
> > +static void should_rebuild_extents(e2fsck_t ctx,
> > + struct problem_context *pctx,
> > + struct process_block_struct *pb,
> > + struct ext2_extent_info *info)
> > +{
> > + struct extent_info *ei;
> > + int i, j;
> > + unsigned int extents_per_block;
> > +
> > + if (pb->extent_rebuild)
> > + goto rebuild;
> > +
> > + extents_per_block = (ctx->fs->blocksize -
> > + sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header)) /
> > + sizeof(struct ext3_extent);
> > + /*
> > + * If we can consolidate a level or shorten the tree, schedule the
> > + * extent tree to be rebuilt.
> > + */
> > + for (i = 0, ei = pb->ext_info; i < info->max_depth + 1; i++, ei++) {
> > + if (ei->max_extents - ei->num_extents > extents_per_block) {
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("rebuild extents, ino=%d level=%d slack=%d epb=%d\n",
> > + pb->ino, i,
> > + ei->max_extents - ei->num_extents,
> > + extents_per_block);
> > +#endif
> > + goto rebuild;
> > + }
> > + for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
> > + if (ei->num_extents < pb->ext_info[j].max_extents) {
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("rebuild extents, ino=%d level=%d num=%d level=%d\n",
> > + pb->ino, i, ei->num_extents, j);
> > +#endif
> > + goto rebuild;
> > + }
> > + }
> > + }
> > + return;
> > +
> > +rebuild:
> > + if (pb->extent_rebuild ||
> > + fix_problem(ctx, PR_1E_CAN_COMPRESS_EXTENT_TREE, pctx))
> > + e2fsck_rebuild_extents_later(ctx, pb->ino);
> > +}
> > +
> > static void scan_extent_node(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> > struct process_block_struct *pb,
> > blk64_t start_block, blk64_t end_block,
> > @@ -2424,6 +2479,10 @@ static void scan_extent_node(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> > pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_get_info(ehandle, &info);
> > if (pctx->errcode)
> > return;
> > + if (!pb->extent_rebuild) {
> > + pb->ext_info[info.curr_level].num_extents += info.num_entries;
> > + pb->ext_info[info.curr_level].max_extents += info.max_entries;
> > + }
> >
> > pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_get(ehandle, EXT2_EXTENT_FIRST_SIB,
> > &extent);
> > @@ -2760,17 +2819,31 @@ static void check_blocks_extents(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> >
> > retval = ext2fs_extent_get_info(ehandle, &info);
> > if (retval == 0) {
> > - if (info.max_depth >= MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT)
> > - info.max_depth = MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT-1;
> > - ctx->extent_depth_count[info.max_depth]++;
> > + int max_depth = info.max_depth;
> > +
> > + if (max_depth >= MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT)
> > + max_depth = MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT-1;
> > + ctx->extent_depth_count[max_depth]++;
> > }
> >
> > + /* Check maximum extent depth */
> > + pctx->blk = info.max_depth;
> > + pctx->blk2 = ext2fs_max_extent_depth(ehandle);
> > + if (pctx->blk2 < pctx->blk &&
> > + fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTENT_BAD_MAX_DEPTH, pctx))
> > + pb->extent_rebuild = 1;
> > +
> > + /* Can we collect extent tree level stats? */
> > + pctx->blk = MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT;
> > + if (pctx->blk2 > pctx->blk)
> > + fix_problem(ctx, PR_1E_MAX_EXTENT_TREE_DEPTH, pctx);
> > + memset(pb->ext_info, 0, sizeof(pb->ext_info));
> > +
> > pb->region = region_create(0, info.max_lblk);
> > if (!pb->region) {
> > - ext2fs_extent_free(ehandle);
> > fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTENT_ALLOC_REGION_ABORT, pctx);
> > ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
> > - return;
> > + goto out;
> > }
> >
> > eof_lblk = ((EXT2_I_SIZE(inode) + fs->blocksize - 1) >>
> > @@ -2786,7 +2859,9 @@ static void check_blocks_extents(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> > }
> > region_free(pb->region);
> > pb->region = NULL;
> > +out:
> > ext2fs_extent_free(ehandle);
> > + should_rebuild_extents(ctx, pctx, pb, &info);
> > }
> >
> > /*
> > @@ -2846,6 +2921,7 @@ static void check_blocks(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> > pb.ctx = ctx;
> > pb.inode_modified = 0;
> > pb.bad_ref = 0;
> > + pb.extent_rebuild = 0;
> > pctx->ino = ino;
> > pctx->errcode = 0;
> >
> > @@ -2909,6 +2985,13 @@ static void check_blocks(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
> > "check_blocks");
> > fs->flags = (flags & EXT2_FLAG_IGNORE_CSUM_ERRORS) |
> > (fs->flags & ~EXT2_FLAG_IGNORE_CSUM_ERRORS);
> > +
> > + if (ctx->options & E2F_OPT_CONVERT_BMAP) {
> > +#ifdef DEBUG
> > + printf("bmap rebuild ino=%d\n", ino);
> > +#endif
> > + e2fsck_rebuild_extents_later(ctx, ino);
> > + }
> > }
> > }
> > end_problem_latch(ctx, PR_LATCH_BLOCK);
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/problem.c b/e2fsck/problem.c
> > index a4da64b..75e0305 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/problem.c
> > +++ b/e2fsck/problem.c
> > @@ -1101,6 +1101,11 @@ static struct e2fsck_problem problem_table[] = {
> > N_("@i %i has a duplicate @x mapping\n\t(logical @b %c, @n physical @b %b, len %N)\n"),
> > PROMPT_CLEAR, 0 },
> >
> > + /* Inode extent tree could be more shallow */
> > + { PR_1_EXTENT_BAD_MAX_DEPTH,
> > + N_("@i %i @x tree could be more shallow (%b; could be <= %c)\n"),
> > + PROMPT_FIX, PR_NO_OK | PR_PREEN_NO | PR_PREEN_OK },
> > +
> > /* Pass 1b errors */
> >
> > /* Pass 1B: Rescan for duplicate/bad blocks */
> > @@ -1198,6 +1203,43 @@ static struct e2fsck_problem problem_table[] = {
> > { PR_1D_CLONE_ERROR,
> > N_("Couldn't clone file: %m\n"), PROMPT_NONE, 0 },
> >
> > + /* Pass 1E Extent tree Optimization */
> > +
> > + /* Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees */
> > + { PR_1E_PASS_HEADER,
> > + N_("Pass 1E: Optimizing @x trees\n"),
> > + PROMPT_NONE, PR_PREEN_NOMSG },
> > +
> > + /* Failed to optimize extent tree */
> > + { PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_ERR,
> > + N_("Failed to optimize @x tree %p (%i): %m\n"),
> > + PROMPT_NONE, 0 },
> > +
> > + /* Rebuilding extent trees */
> > + { PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_HEADER,
> > + N_("Optimizing @x trees: "),
> > + PROMPT_NONE, PR_MSG_ONLY },
> > +
> > + /* Rebuilding extent tree %d */
> > + { PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT,
> > + " %i",
> > + PROMPT_NONE, PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_EXT | PR_PREEN_NOHDR},
> > +
> > + /* Rebuilding extent tree end */
> > + { PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_END,
> > + "\n",
> > + PROMPT_NONE, PR_PREEN_NOHDR },
> > +
> > + /* Internal error: extent tree depth too large */
> > + { PR_1E_MAX_EXTENT_TREE_DEPTH,
> > + N_("Internal error: max extent tree depth too large (%b; expected=%c).\n"),
> > + PROMPT_NONE, PR_FATAL },
> > +
> > + /* Inode extent tree could be more compact */
> > + { PR_1E_CAN_COMPRESS_EXTENT_TREE,
> > + N_("@i %i @x tree could be more compact. "),
> > + PROMPT_FIX, PR_NO_OK | PR_PREEN_NO | PR_PREEN_OK },
> > +
> > /* Pass 2 errors */
> >
> > /* Pass 2: Checking directory structure */
> > @@ -1946,6 +1988,7 @@ static struct latch_descr pr_latch_info[] = {
> > { PR_LATCH_TOOBIG, PR_1_INODE_TOOBIG, 0 },
> > { PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_DIR, PR_3A_OPTIMIZE_DIR_HEADER, PR_3A_OPTIMIZE_DIR_END },
> > { PR_LATCH_BG_CHECKSUM, PR_0_GDT_CSUM_LATCH, 0 },
> > + { PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_EXT, PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_HEADER, PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_END },
> > { -1, 0, 0 },
> > };
> >
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/problem.h b/e2fsck/problem.h
> > index 3c28166..d3dcc9e 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/problem.h
> > +++ b/e2fsck/problem.h
> > @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ struct problem_context {
> > #define PR_LATCH_TOOBIG 0x0080 /* Latch for file to big errors */
> > #define PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_DIR 0x0090 /* Latch for optimize directories */
> > #define PR_LATCH_BG_CHECKSUM 0x00A0 /* Latch for block group checksums */
> > +#define PR_LATCH_OPTIMIZE_EXT 0x00B0 /* Latch for rebuild extents */
> >
> > #define PR_LATCH(x) ((((x) & PR_LATCH_MASK) >> 4) - 1)
> >
> > @@ -641,6 +642,9 @@ struct problem_context {
> > /* leaf extent collision */
> > #define PR_1_EXTENT_COLLISION 0x01007D
> >
> > +/* extent tree max depth too big */
> > +#define PR_1_EXTENT_BAD_MAX_DEPTH 0x01007E
> > +
> > /*
> > * Pass 1b errors
> > */
> > @@ -704,6 +708,30 @@ struct problem_context {
> > #define PR_1D_CLONE_ERROR 0x013008
> >
> > /*
> > + * Pass 1e --- rebuilding extent trees
> > + */
> > +/* Pass 1e: Rebuilding extent trees */
> > +#define PR_1E_PASS_HEADER 0x014000
> > +
> > +/* Error rehash directory */
> > +#define PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_ERR 0x014001
> > +
> > +/* Rebuilding extent trees */
> > +#define PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_HEADER 0x014002
> > +
> > +/* Rebuilding extent %d */
> > +#define PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT 0x014003
> > +
> > +/* Rebuilding extent tree end */
> > +#define PR_1E_OPTIMIZE_EXT_END 0x014004
> > +
> > +/* Internal error: extent tree depth too large */
> > +#define PR_1E_MAX_EXTENT_TREE_DEPTH 0x014005
> > +
> > +/* Inode extent tree could be more compact */
> > +#define PR_1E_CAN_COMPRESS_EXTENT_TREE 0x014006
> > +
> > +/*
> > * Pass 2 errors
> > */
> >
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/super.c b/e2fsck/super.c
> > index 1e7e749..e64262a 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/super.c
> > +++ b/e2fsck/super.c
> > @@ -606,6 +606,13 @@ void check_super_block(e2fsck_t ctx)
> > ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
> > }
> >
> > + /* Did user ask us to convert files to extents? */
> > + if (ctx->options & E2F_OPT_CONVERT_BMAP) {
> > + fs->super->s_feature_incompat |=
> > + EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS;
> > + ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
> > + }
> > +
> > if ((fs->super->s_feature_incompat & EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) &&
> > (fs->super->s_first_meta_bg > fs->desc_blocks)) {
> > pctx.group = fs->desc_blocks;
> > diff --git a/e2fsck/unix.c b/e2fsck/unix.c
> > index f3672c0..fe5127a 100644
> > --- a/e2fsck/unix.c
> > +++ b/e2fsck/unix.c
> > @@ -709,6 +709,9 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(e2fsck_t ctx, const char *opts)
> > else
> > ctx->log_fn = string_copy(ctx, arg, 0);
> > continue;
> > + } else if (strcmp(token, "bmap2extent") == 0) {
> > + ctx->options |= E2F_OPT_CONVERT_BMAP;
> > + continue;
> > } else {
> > fprintf(stderr, _("Unknown extended option: %s\n"),
> > token);
> > @@ -728,6 +731,7 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(e2fsck_t ctx, const char *opts)
> > fputs(("\tdiscard\n"), stderr);
> > fputs(("\tnodiscard\n"), stderr);
> > fputs(("\treadahead_kb=<buffer size>\n"), stderr);
> > + fputs(("\tbmap2extent\n"), stderr);
> > fputc('\n', stderr);
> > exit(1);
> > }
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.1 b/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.1
> > index 0c0bc28..c13ad39 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.1
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.1
> > @@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
> > Inode 12 has an invalid extent node (blk 22, lblk 0)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 12 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 12, i_blocks is 16, should be 8. Fix? yes
> >
> > +Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
> > Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > @@ -11,13 +14,13 @@ Pass 5: Checking group summary information
> > Block bitmap differences: -(21--23) -25
> > Fix? yes
> >
> > -Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (71, counted=75).
> > +Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (73, counted=77).
> > Fix? yes
> >
> > -Free blocks count wrong (71, counted=75).
> > +Free blocks count wrong (73, counted=77).
> > Fix? yes
> >
> >
> > test_filesys: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
> > -test_filesys: 12/16 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 25/100 blocks
> > +test_filesys: 12/16 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 23/100 blocks
> > Exit status is 1
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.2 b/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.2
> > index 568c792..b78b193 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.2
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_bad_node/expect.2
> > @@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > Pass 5: Checking group summary information
> > -test_filesys: 12/16 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 25/100 blocks
> > +test_filesys: 12/16 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 23/100 blocks
> > Exit status is 0
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_int_bad_magic/expect.1 b/tests/f_extent_int_bad_magic/expect.1
> > index 0e82e2b..0bd163f 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_int_bad_magic/expect.1
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_int_bad_magic/expect.1
> > @@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
> > Inode 12 has an invalid extent node (blk 1295, lblk 0)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 12 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 12, i_blocks is 712, should be 0. Fix? yes
> >
> > +Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
> > Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_leaf_bad_magic/expect.1 b/tests/f_extent_leaf_bad_magic/expect.1
> > index 7b6dbf1..c31a309 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_leaf_bad_magic/expect.1
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_leaf_bad_magic/expect.1
> > @@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
> > Inode 12 has an invalid extent node (blk 1604, lblk 0)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 12 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 12, i_blocks is 18, should be 0. Fix? yes
> >
> > +Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
> > Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.1 b/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.1
> > index 3164ea0..237829a 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.1
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.1
> > @@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ Inode 12, end of extent exceeds allowed value
> > (logical block 15, physical block 200, len 30)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 12 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 12, i_blocks is 154, should be 94. Fix? yes
> >
> > +Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
> > Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > @@ -12,13 +15,13 @@ Pass 5: Checking group summary information
> > Block bitmap differences: -(200--229)
> > Fix? yes
> >
> > -Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (156, counted=186).
> > +Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (158, counted=188).
> > Fix? yes
> >
> > -Free blocks count wrong (156, counted=186).
> > +Free blocks count wrong (158, counted=188).
> > Fix? yes
> >
> >
> > test_filesys: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
> > -test_filesys: 12/32 files (8.3% non-contiguous), 70/256 blocks
> > +test_filesys: 12/32 files (8.3% non-contiguous), 68/256 blocks
> > Exit status is 1
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.2 b/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.2
> > index 22c4f2c..0729283 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.2
> > +++ b/tests/f_extent_oobounds/expect.2
> > @@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
> > Pass 4: Checking reference counts
> > Pass 5: Checking group summary information
> > -test_filesys: 12/32 files (8.3% non-contiguous), 70/256 blocks
> > +test_filesys: 12/32 files (8.3% non-contiguous), 68/256 blocks
> > Exit status is 0
> > diff --git a/tests/f_extents/expect.1 b/tests/f_extents/expect.1
> > index aeebc7b..d682929 100644
> > --- a/tests/f_extents/expect.1
> > +++ b/tests/f_extents/expect.1
> > @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Inode 12 has an invalid extent
> > (logical block 0, invalid physical block 21994527527949, len 17)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 12 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 12, i_blocks is 34, should be 0. Fix? yes
> >
> > Inode 13 missing EXTENT_FL, but is in extents format
> > @@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ Inode 17 has an invalid extent
> > (logical block 0, invalid physical block 22011707397135, len 15)
> > Clear? yes
> >
> > +Inode 17 extent tree could be more compact. Fix? yes
> > +
> > Inode 17, i_blocks is 32, should be 0. Fix? yes
> >
> > Error while reading over extent tree in inode 18: Corrupt extent header
> > @@ -31,6 +35,7 @@ Inode 18, i_blocks is 2, should be 0. Fix? yes
> > Special (device/socket/fifo) file (inode 19) has extents
> > or inline-data flag set. Clear? yes
> >
> > +Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
> > Pass 2: Checking directory structure
> > Entry 'fbad-flag' in / (2) has deleted/unused inode 18. Clear? yes
> >
> >
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> Cheers, Andreas
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