Date:	Fri, 12 Feb 2016 23:25:30 +0100
From:	Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@...hat.com>
To:	"Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)" <mtk.manpages@...il.com>
Cc:	"J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@...ldses.org>,
	linux-ext4 <linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org>,
	XFS Developers <xfs@....sgi.com>,
	lkml <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	linux-fsdevel <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linux NFS Mailing List <linux-nfs@...r.kernel.org>,
	linux-cifs@...r.kernel.org, Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
	Dave Chinner <david@...morbit.com>,
	Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>,
	Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@...app.com>,
	Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@...marydata.com>,
	Jeff Layton <jlayton@...chiereds.net>,
	Andreas Dilger <adilger@...ger.ca>
Subject: Re: richacl(7) man page review comments

Hi Michael,

On Sun, Feb 7, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)
<mtk.manpages@...il.com> wrote:
> Hi Andreas,
>
> I'll probably have quite a few more comments on this page as I get to
> understand RichACLs better. Here's some comments from an initial
> reading.

thanks a lot for all the feedback to the man-pages. I've more or less
made all the suggested changes but didn't get to adding examples yet
(that's not so easy).

The changes are here:

  https://github.com/andreas-gruenbacher/richacl

> So, an initial comment. It seems to me to that this page (but
> not setrichacl(1) and getrichacl(1)) should ultimately land in
> man-pages (just like acl(7)), since we're talking about a kernel
> feature. Make sense?

We could sure move acl(5) and richacl(7) there.

>> .\"
>> .\" Richacl Manual Pages
>> .\"
>> .\" Copyright (C) 2015  Red Hat, Inc.
>> .\" Written by Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@...hat.com>
>> .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
>> .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
>> .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
>> .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
>> .\"
>> .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
>> .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
>> .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
>> .\" intermediate and printed output.
>> .\"
>> .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
>> .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
>> .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
>> .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
>> .\"
>> .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
>> .\" License along with this manual.  If not, see
>> .\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
>> .\"
>> .de URL
>> \\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
>> ..
>> .if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
>> .TH RICHACL 7 2015-09-01 "Linux" "Rich Access Control Lists"
>> .SH NAME
>> richacl \- Rich Access Control Lists
>> .SH DESCRIPTION
>> Rich Access Control Lists (richacls) are an extension of the POSIX file
>
> For what it's worth, I think it would be worthwhile to start with
> a consistent abbreviation comment here (and use it throughout all of the
> man pages): "RichACL" (or "richACL"), rather than "richacl"; that seems
> more consistent with the traditional abbreviation "ACL".
>
>> permission model to support
>
> Make this:
>
> permission mode (see
> .BR acl (7))
> to support
>
>> .URL https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5661.txt "NFSv4 Access Control Lists"
>> on local and remote-mounted filesystems.
>>
>> Richacls support file masks which allow to apply a file mode to an existing
>
> s/which allow to apply/which can be used to apply/
>
>> NFSv4 ACL without destructive side effects: the file mode determines the values
>> of the file masks; the file masks restrict the permissions granted by the NFSv4
>> ACL.  When a less restrictive file mode is applied later, the file masks become
>> less restrictive, and more of the original permissions can become effective.
>>
>> A richacl can always be translated into an equivalent NFSv4 ACL which grants
>> the same permissions.
>>
>> Richacls can be enabled on supported filesystems. This disables POSIX Access
>> Control Lists; the two ACL models will not coexist on the same filesystem.
>
> s/will not/can not/ ?
>
>>
>> When used on a filesystem that does not support richacls, the getrichacl and
>
> Use
> .BR getrichacl (1)
> for cross-references.
>
>> setrichacl utilities will operate on the file permission bits instead:
>> getrichacl will display the file permission bits as a richacl; when a richacl
>
> Use
> .BR getrichacl (1)
> for cross-references.
>
>> is set with setrichacl which can be represented exactly by the file permission
>
> Use
> .BR setrichacl (1)
> for cross-references.
>
>> bits, setrichacl will set the file permission bits instead.
>
> Use
> .BR setrichacl (1)
> for cross-references.
>
> Here, I think it would be helpful to add a sentence:
>
> "An attempt to set a richacl that cannot be represented exactly by the
> file permission bits results in an error."
>
> (If that sentence is correct, of course.)
>
>>
>> .SH STRUCTURE OF RICHACLS
>
> For all of the "nonstandard" (see man-pages(7)) ".SH" sections here, I'd
> be inclined to switch to using ".SS" subsections. There are downsides to
> multiple nonstandard section headings (e.g., automated TOCs for
> Section headings become clumsy and long), and I don't think your use of
> .SH vs .SS really helps much to structure the information in this page.
>
>>
>> Richacls consist of a number of ACL entries, three file masks, and some flags.
>
> s/some flags./some flags specifying attributes of the ACL as whole (by
> contrast with the per-ACL-entry flags described below)./
>
>> Each of the ACL entries allows or denies some permissions to a particular user,
>> group, or special entity. Each acl entry consists of:
>
> s/acl//
>
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> The user (with prefix
>
> s/The user/A tag which specifies the user/
>
> (Is "tag" the right word? In any case, what would helpful to have here
> is the generic term for this component of the ACL.)

Tag should do; I'm not aware of a better term.

>> .B user:
>> or
>> .BR u: ),
>> group (with prefix
>> .B group:
>> or
>> .BR g: ),
>> or special identifier the entry applies to. Special
>> identifiers can be the file owner
>> .RB ( owner@ ),
>> the owning group
>> .RB ( group@ ),
>> or everyone
>> .RB ( everyone@ ).
>> .IP \(bu
>> A set of permissions the entry allows or denies.
>> .IP \(bu
>> A set of flags that indicate whether the user or group identifier is mapped or
>> unmapped, and whether the entry has been and can be inherited.
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> A field indicating whether the entry allows or denies access.
>> .PP
>> The owner, group, and other file masks further control which permissions the
>> ACL grants, subject to the
>> .B masked
>> .RB ( m )
>> and
>> .B write_through
>> .RB ( w )
>> ACL flags.
>>
>> Note that entries with the identifier
>> .B everyone@
>> apply to all processes, whereas the \(lqother\(rq file permissions and
>> \(lqother\(rq entries in POSIX ACLs apply to all processes which are not the
>> owner, are not in the owning group, and do not match a user or group mentioned
>> in the acl.
>
> s/acl/ACL/
>
>> Richacls do not have separate \(lqaccess\(rq ACLs that define the access
>> permissions and \(lqdefault\(rq ACLs that define the inheritable permissions as
>> POSIX ACLs.
>
> I'd restructure the preceding sentence as:
>
> "Unlike POSIX ACLs, richacls do not.... that define the inheritable
> permissions."
>
>> Instead, whether an ACL entry is effective during access checks
>> and/or inheritable is determined by the ACL entry flags.
>>
>> .SS ACL Flags
>
> I'd use lower case in the above for all words except the first.
> (That's the convention in man-pages.)
>
>> The following flags on ACLs are defined:
>>
>> .RS 4
>> .HP 4
>
> s/4/8/ in the preceding two lines. I think more indentation would make
> this (and the similar lists below) more readable.
>
>> .B masked
>> .RB ( m ):
>
> I'd write each of these list entries starting here, and below, in the
> form:
>
> .BR masked "\ (" m ):
>
> This form is a little easier to read in the source, and
> it forces just a single space before the "(", which looks
> a little better, I find.
>
>> When set, the file masks define upper limits on the permissions the ACL may
>> grant.
>> .HP
>> .B write_through
>> .RB ( w ):
>> When this flag and the masked flag are both set, the owner and other file masks
>
> .B masked
>
>> define the actual permissions granted to the file owner and to others instead
>> of an upper limit.
>> .HP
>> .B auto_inherit
>> .RB ( a ):
>> Automatic Inheritance is enabled for the file the ACL is
>> attached to. See
>> .IR "Automatic Inheritance" .
>> .HP
>> .B protected
>> .RB ( p ):
>> The ACL is protected from modification by Automatic
>> Inheritance.
>> .HP
>> .B defaulted
>> .RB ( d ):
>> The ACL has been assigned by default. Automatic Inheritance should completely
>> replace the ACL.
>> .RE
>>
>> .SS ACL Entry Flags
>>
>> The following flags on ACL entries are defined:
>>
>> .RS 4
>> .HP 4
>
> s/4/8/ in the preceding two lines.
>
>> .B file_inherit
>> .RB ( f ):
>> The entry is inheritable for files.
>> .HP
>> .B dir_inherit
>> .RB ( d ):
>> The entry is inheritable for directories.
>> .HP
>> .B no_propagate
>> .RB ( n ):
>> Inheritance stops at the next subdirectory level.
>> .HP
>> .B inherit_only
>> .RB ( i ):
>> The entry defines inheritable permissions only and is ignored for access
>> checking.
>> .HP
>> .B inherited
>> .RB ( a ):
>> The entry has been automatically inherited from the parent directory; the
>> ACL's auto_inherit
>
> Use
> .B auto_inherit
>
>> .RB ( a )
>> flag should be on.
>> .HP
>> .B unmapped
>> .RB ( u ):
>> The user or group identifier is a textual string and has no mapping to a
>> numeric user or group identifier.
>
> So here, I think there should be a sentence that explains how a meaning
> is attached to the strings? Is this for NFS, for Windows, for something
> else?

On NFS clients only. I've tried to clarify that.

>> .RE
>>
>> .SS Permissions
>>
>> The following permissions are defined for richacl entries and for the three
>> file masks:
>>
>> .RS 4
>> .HP 4
>
> s/4/8/ in the preceding two lines.
>
>> .B read_data
>> /
>> .B list_directory
>> .RB ( r ):
>
> Replace the preceding four lines by
>
> .BR read_data / list_directory "\ (" r )
>
> and do similar for the next two list entried below.
> Note that "\ (" will force just a singlke space before the "(".
>
>> Read the data of a file.
>> List the contents of a directory.
>
> In the above list entry, and the next two, I find the layout ("xxx/yyy (z)")
> confusing. A closer reading indicates that in each case, the "xxx"
> applies for files and he "yyy" is for directories. But I think the text
> could make this point a little easier to grasp. In each of these three
> list entries this could be done something lke the following:
>
> "For a file: read the data of the file. For a directory: list the
> contents of the directory."
>
> By the way, can the terms "read_data" and "list_directory" be used
> interchangeably? That is, can you employ (say) "read_data" when setting
> an ACL entry for a directory? (I'm assuming the answer is "yes".)
> If the terms are just interchangeable synonyms, perhas it's worth
> making that point explicitly in the text.

richacl_from_text() doesn't distinguish between file and directory
flags, but richacl_to_text() will use the appropriate version in
long-format strings depending on the context (file type). ACLs that
have this wrong would be very confusing to read.

>> .HP
>> .B write_data
>> /
>> .B add_file
>> .RB ( w ):
>> Modify the data of a file. Add a new file in a directory.
>
> See above comment re file/directory.
>
>> .HP
>> .B append_data
>> /
>> .B add_subdirectory
>> .RB ( p ):
>> Open a file in append mode. Create a subdirectory in a directory.
>
> So, in other words, if append mode is denied, then the file can be
> opened for writing (contingent on write permission  being granted), but
> can't be opened with O_APPEND? Is that correct? This point needs to be
> made clearer.

Yes, that's correct.

>> .HP
>> .B execute
>> .RB ( x ):
>> Execute a file. Traverse / search a directory.
>
> See above comment re file/directory.
>
>> .HP
>> .B delete_child
>> .RB ( d ):
>> Delete a file or directory within a directory.
>> .HP
>> .B delete
>> .RB ( D ):
>> Delete the file or directory.
>> .HP
>> .B read_attributes
>> .RB ( a ):
>> Read basic attributes of a file or directory.
>
> What are "attributes" in this context? Does this mean stat(2)? Make this
> explicit.

Yes.

>> This permission is always implicitly granted.
>> .HP
>> .B write_attributes
>> .RB ( A ):
>> Change the times associated with a file or directory to an arbitrary value.
>> This permission is always implicitly granted to the file owner.
>> .HP
>> .B read_acl
>> .RB ( c ):
>> Read the ACL of a file or directory. This permission is always
>> implicitly granted.
>> .HP
>> .B write_acl
>> .RB ( C ):
>> Change the ACL or file mode of a file or directory.
>> .HP
>> .B write_owner
>> .RB ( o ):
>> Take ownership of a file or directory.  Change the owning group of a file or
>> directory to a group of which the calling process is a member.
>> .HP
>> .B read_named_attrs
>> .RB ( R ),
>> .B write_named_attrs
>> .RB ( W ),
>> .B synchronize
>> .RB ( S ),
>> .B write_retention
>> .RB ( e ),
>> .B write_retention_hold
>> .RB ( E ):
>> These permissions can be stored, but do not have a local meaning.
>
> So, I thenk that a sentence here should explain why these permissions
> exist. Is if for future extension, because they are meaningful in NFS,
> or something else?

Yes, they are defined by NFS.

>> .RE
>>
>> .SH TEXT FORM
>>
>> The common textual representation of richacl consists of the colon separated
>
> s/richacl/richacls/ (or, "RichACLs"/"richACLs")
>
> s/colon separated/colon-separated/
>
>> fields of the the acl flags, file masks, and acl entries in the following
>
> s/acl/ACL/ (*2)
>
>> format:
>> .TP
>> \fBflags:\fR\fIacl_flags\fR
>> The ACL flags.
>> .TP
>> \fBowner:\fR\fIperm\fR\fB::mask\fR, \fBgroup:\fR\fIperm\fR\fB::mask\fR, \fBother:\fR\fIperm\fR\fB::mask\fR
>> The file masks and their permissions.
>> .TP
>> \fIwho\fR\fB:\fR\fIperm\fR\fB:\fR\fIflags\fR\fB:allow\fR, \fIwho\fR\fB:\fR\fIperm\fR\fB:\fR\fIflags\fR\fB:deny\fR
>> For each ACL entry, who the entry applies to, the permissions of the entry, the
>> entry flags, and whether the entry allows or denies permissions.  The who field has
>
> s/who/\\fIwho\\fP/
>
>> no prefix for special identifiers, a
>> .B user:
>> or
>> .B u:
>> prefix for regular users, and a
>> .B group:
>> or
>> .B g:
>> prefix for regular groups.
>> .PP
>> The entries are comma, whitespace or newline separated.
>
> s/whitespace/whitespace,/
>
>>
>> Flags and permissions have single-letter as well as long forms as listed under
>
> s/forms/forms,/
>
>> .IR "ACL Flags" ,
>> .IR "ACL Entry Flags" ,
>> and
>> .IR Permissions .
>
> If you follow my suggestion about capitalization in the ".SS" entries,
> you'll need to change the capitalization in the above phrases.
>
>> When the single-letter forms are used, the flags or permissions are
>> concatenated. When the long forms are used, the flags or permissions are
>> separated by slashes.  To align permissions or flags vertically, dashes can be
>> use for padding.
>
> s/use/used/
>
>>
>> .SH SETTING AND MODIFYING FILE PERMISSIONS
>> The access permissions for a file can either be set by assigning an access
>> control list (setrichacl) or by changing the file mode permission bits (chmod).
>
> Use
> .RB ( setrichacl (1))
> for cross-reference.
>
> Use
> .RB ( chmod (1)).
>
>> In addition, a file can inherit an ACL from its parent
>> directory at create time; the inherited ACL is then further
>
> s/create/creation/
>
>> restricted by the creating system call's mode parameter (see the creat(2)
>> manual page).
>
> creat(2) is pretty much history. I suggest writing
>
> (as given to
> .BR open (2),
> .BR mkdir (2),
> and similar).
>
> And here, I think we need a statement about whether the process umask
> has an effect or not...
>
>>
>> .SS Assigning An Access Control List
>> When assigning an ACL to a file, unless explicitly specified, the owner, group,
>> and other file masks will be computed from the ACL entries as described in
>> section
>> .IR "COMPUTING THE MAXIMUM FILE MASKS" .
>> The owner, group, and other file mode permission bits are then each set from
>> the owner, group, and other file mask as follows:
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> If the file mask includes the
>> .B r
>> permission, the read
>> file mode permission bit will be set.
>> .IP \(bu
>> If the file mask includes the
>> .B w
>> or
>> .B p
>> permission, the write file mode permission bit will be set.
>> .IP \(bu
>> If the file mask includes the
>> .B x
>> permission, the execute file mode permission bit will be set.
>> .PP
>> If the ACL can be represented exactly by the file mode
>> permission bits, the file permission bits are set to match the access control
>> list and the ACL is not stored.  (When the reverse happens and
>
> s/and/and the/
>
>> ACL of a file is requested which doesn't have an explicit
>> ACL, the file mode permission bits are converted into an
>> equivalent richacl.)
>>
>> .SS Changing The File Mode Permission Bits
>
> I'd use lower case in the above for all words except the first
>
>> When changing the file mode permission bits with chmod(2), the owner, group,
>
> .BR chmod (2)
>
>> and other file permission bits are set to the permission bits in the new mode,
>> and the file masks each are set based on the new mode bits as follows:
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> If the read bit in a set of permissions is set, the
>> .B r
>> permission in the corresponding file mask will be set.
>> .IP \(bu
>> If the write bit in a set of permissions is set, the
>> .B w
>> and
>> .B p
>> permissions in the corresponding file mask will be set.
>> .IP \(bu
>> If the execute bit in a set of permissions is set, the
>> .B x
>> permission in the corresponding file mask will be set.
>> .PP
>> In addition, the
>> .B masked
>> and
>> .B write_through
>> ACL flags are set. This has the
>> effect of limiting the permissions granted by the ACL to the file mode
>> permission bits; in addition, the owner is granted the owner mode bits and
>> others are granted the other mode bits. If the
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag is set, the
>> .B protected
>> flag is also set to prevent the Automatic Inheritance algorithm from modifying
>> the ACL.
>>
>> .SS Permissions At File Create Time
>
> s/File Create/file-creation/
>
> I'd use lower case in the above for all words except the first
>
>> When a directory has inheritable ACL entries, the following
>> happens when a file or directory is created inside that directory:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP 1. 4
>> A file created inside that directory will inherit all entries with the
>
> s/all entries with/all of the directories entries that/

It's ACL entries, not directory entries, here.

>> .B file_inherit
>> flag set, and all inheritance-related flags in the inherited entries will be
>> cleared.
>>
>> A subdirectory will inherit all entries with the
>> .B file_inherit
>> or
>> .B dir_inherit
>> flag set.  Entries whose
>> .B no_propagate
>> flag is set will have all inheritance-related flags cleared.  Entries whose
>> .B no_propagate
>> and
>> .B dir_inherit
>> flags are not set and whose
>> .B file_inherit
>> is set will have their
>> .B inherit_only
>> flag set.
>> .IP 2.
>> If the parent directory's ACL has the
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag set, the inherited ACL will have its
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag set, and all entries will have their
>> .B inherited
>> flag set.
>> .IP 3.
>> The three file masks are computed from the inherited ACL as described in
>> section
>> .IR "COMPUTING THE MAXIMUM FILE MASKS" .
>> .IP 4.
>> The three sets of permissions for the owner, the group, and for others in
>> the mode parameter of the creating system call are converted into sets of
>> richacl permissions as described in section
>
> s/in/in the/
>
>> .IR "Changing The File Mode Permission Bits" .
>> Any richacl permissions not included in those sets are
>> removed from the owner, group, and other file masks. The file mode permission
>> bits are then computed from the file masks as described in section
>
> s/in/in the/
>
>> .IR "Assigning An Access Control List" .
>> .IP 5.
>> The
>> .B masked
>> ACL flag is set. The
>> .B write_through
>> ACL flag remains cleared. In addition, if the
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag of the inherited ACL is set, the
>> .B protected
>> flag is also set to prevent the Automatic Inheritance algorithm from modifying
>> the ACL.
>> .RE
>> .PP
>> When a directory does not have inheritable ACL entries, files
>> and directories created inside that directory will not be assigned access
>> control lists and the file mode permission bits will be set to (mode\ &\
>> ~umask).
>
> will be set to
>
>     (mode & ~umask)
>
> where
> .I mode
> is the permission mode argument of the relevant system call and
> .I umask
> is the process umask (see
> .BR umask (2)).
>
>>
>> .SS Automatic Inheritance
>
> I'd use lower case in the above for all words except the first

"Automatic Inheritance" is a technical term though.

>> Automatic Inheritance allows permission changes to propagate from a directory
>> to files and subdirectories inside that directory, recursively.  Carrying out
>> this propagation of permissions is the responsibility of the process changing
>> the directory permissions (usually, setrichacl(1)).
>
> I'm confused by the previous sentence. the feature is labeled "Automatic
> Inheritance", implying that the user/process need do nothing. The next
> sentence says "propagation ... is the responsibility of the process".
> These two points seem contradictory. I think something more needs to be
> said here.

Let's try this maybe:

Automatic Inheritance is a mechanism that allows permission changes to
propagate from a directory to files and subdirectories inside that directory,
recursively.  Propagation is carried out by the process changing the directory
permissions (usually,
.BR setrichacl (1));
it happens without user intervention albeit not entirely automatically.

>> A significant limitation is that this mechanism works only as long as files
>> are created without explicitly specifying the file permissions to use. The
>> standard system calls for creating files an directories (creat(2), open(2),
>> mkdir(2), mkfifo(2), mknod(2)) all have mandatory mode parameters which define
>
> Format that system call list as
> .RB ( creat (2),
> .BR open (2),
> .BR mkdir (2),
> .BR mknod (2))
>
> Note that I removed mkfifo(): it's a library functionlayered on
> mkonod(2).
>
>> the maximum allowed permissions of the new files. To take account of this
>> restriction, the
>> .B protected
>> ACL flag must be set if the
>> .B inherited
>> flag is set. This effectively disables Automatic Inheritance for that
>> particular file.
>>
>> Automatic Inheritance still remains useful for network protocols like NFSv4 and
>> SMB, which both support creating files and directories without defining which
>> permissions: they can implement those operations by using the standard system
>> calls and by then undoing the effect of applying the mode parameters.
>>
>> When the ACL of a directory is changed, the following should
>
> Why "should"?
>
>> happen for each entry inside that directory (for each \(lqchild\(rq):
>
> Make the preceding line:
>
> happen for each entry (\(lqchild\(rq) inside that directory:
>
>> .IP 1. 4
>> If the entry is a symblic link, skip the child.
>> .IP 2.
>> If the
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag of the entry's ACL is not set or the
>> .B protected
>> flag is set, skip the child.
>> .IP 3.
>> With the child's ACL:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP 1. 4
>
> s/1./a)/
>
> (i.e., use a different labeling scheme for the sublist)
>
>> If the
>> .B defaulted
>> flag is set, replace the ACL with an empty ACL
>> with the
>> .B auto_inherit
>> flag set.
>> .IP 2.
>
> s/2./b)/
>
>> Delete all entries which have the
>> .B inherited
>> flag set.
>> .IP 3.
>
> s/3./c)/
>
>> Append all entries inherited from the parent directory according to step 1 of
>> the algorithm described under
>> .IR "Permissions At File Create Time".
>> Set the
>> .B inherited
>> flag of each of these entries.
>> .IP 4.
>
> s/4./d)/
>
>> Recompute the file masks.
>> .RE
>> .IP 4.
>> If the child is a directory, recursively apply this algorithm.
>>
>> .SH ACCESS CHECK ALGORITHM
>>
>> When a process requests a particular kind of access to a file defined by a set
>
> s/defined/protected/ (?)
>
>> of richacl permissions, the following algorithm determines if the access is
>
> s/if/whether/
>
>> granted or denied:
>>
>> .IP 1. 4
>> If the
>> .B masked
>> ACL flag is set, then:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP 1. 4
>
> s/1./a)/
>
> Use a different numbering scheme for sublists.
>
>> if the
>
> s/if/If/
>
>> .B write_through
>> ACL flag is set, then:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> if the requesting process is the file owner, then access is granted if the
>
> s/if/If/
>
>> owner mask includes the requested permissions, and is otherwise denied.
>> .IP \(bu
>> if the requesting process is not the file owner, is not in the owning group,
>
> s/if/If/
>
>> and no ACL entries other than
>> .B everyone@
>> match the process, then access is granted if the other mask includes the
>> requested permissions, and is otherwise denied.
>> .RE
>> .IP 2.
>
> s/2./b)/
>
>> if any of the following is true:
>
> s/if/If/
>
>> .RS 4
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> the requesting process is the file owner and the owner mask does no include all
>
> s/no /not /
>
>> requested permissions,
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> the requesting process is not the file owner and it is in the owning group or
>> matches any ACL entries other than
>> .BR everyone@ ,
>> and the group mask does no include all requested permissions,
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> the requesting process is not the file owner, not in the owning group, it
>> matches no ACL entries other than
>> .BR everyone@ ,
>> and the other mask does no include all requested permissions,
>> .PP
>> then access is denied.
>> .RE
>> .RE
>> .IP 2.
>> Set the remaining permissions to the requested permissions.  Go through all ACL
>> entries. For each entry:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP 1. 4
>
> s/1./a)/
>
> Use a different numbering scheme for sublists.
>
>> if the
>> .B inherit_only
>> or
>> .B unmapped
>> flags are set, continue with the next ACL entry.
>> .IP 2.
>
> s/2./b)/
>
>> if any of the following is true:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> the entry's identifier is
>> .B owner@
>> and the requesting process is the file owner,
>> .IP \(bu
>> the entry's identifier is
>> .B group@
>> and the requesting process is in the owning group,
>> .IP \(bu
>> the entry's identifier is a user and the requesting process is owned by that
>> user,
>> .IP \(bu
>> the entry's identifier is a group and the requesting process is a member in
>> that group,
>> .IP \(bu
>> the entry's identifier is
>> .BR everyone@ ,
>> .PP
>> the entry matches the process; proceed. Otherwise, continue with the next ACL
>
> s/proceed/proceed to the next step/  (?)
>
>> entry.
>> .RE
>> .IP 3.
>
> s/3./c)/
>
>> If the entry denies any of the remaining permissions, access is denied.
>> .IP 4.
>
> s/4./d)/
>
>> If the entry allows any of the remaining permissions, then:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> if the
>> .B masked
>> ACL flag is set and the entry's identifier is not
>> .B owner@
>> or
>> .BR everyone@
>> or is a user entry matching the file owner, remove all permissions from the
>> remaining permissions which are both allowed by the entry and included in the
>> group mask,
>> .IP \(bu
>> otherwise, remove all permissions from the remaining permissions wich are
>> allowed by the entry.
>> .RE
>> .RE
>> .IP 3.
>> If there are no more remaining permissions, access is allowed. Otherwise,
>> access is denied.
>>
>> .SH COMPUTING THE MAXIMUM FILE MASKS
>> When setting an ACL and no file masks have been explicitly specified and when
>> inheriting an ACL from the parent directory, the following algorithm is used
>> for computing the file masks:
>>
>> .IP 1. 4
>> Clear the owner, group, and other file masks. Remember which permissions have
>> already been processed (initially, the empty set).
>> .IP 2.
>> For each ACL entry:
>> .RS 4
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> If the
>> .B inherit_only
>> flag is set, skip the entry.
>> .IP \(bu 4
>> Otherwise, compute which permissions the entry allows or denies that have not
>> been processed yet (the remaining permissions).
>> .IP \(bu
>> If the entry is an
>> .B owner@
>> entry, add the remaining permissions to the owner mask for
>> .B allow
>> entries, and remove the remaining permissions from the owner mask for
>> .B deny
>> entries.
>> .IP \(bu
>> Otherwise, if the entry is an
>> .B everyone@
>> entry, proceed as with
>> .B owner@
>> entries but add or remove the remaining permissions from the owner, group, and
>> other file masks.
>> .IP \(bu
>> Otherwise, proceed as with
>> .B owner@
>> entries but add or remove the remaining permissions from the owner and group
>> file masks.
>> .IP \(bu
>> Add the entry's permissions to the processed permissions.
>> .RE
>> .PP
>> The resulting file masks represent the ACL as closely as possible. With these
>> file masks, if the
>> .B masked
>> ACL flag is set, the effective permissions still stay the same.
>
> This page is in *desperate* need of *multiple* examples, starting simple,
> and building up in complexity, with walkthogh text explaining how the
> permisssions are interpreted and how the masks are generated.
> Having read the page multiple times (and having little knowledge
> of NFS ACLs), I'm still struggling to put all the pieces together.

You are probably right. I'm not sure if they should go on the same man-page.

> Probably some examples that relate to an NFS context would also be
> helpful.

Hmm, I'm not sure about the difference between NFS examples and
non-NFS examples I suppose.

>> .\" .SH BUGS
>> .SH AUTHOR
>> Written by Andreas Grünbacher <agruenba@...hat.com>.
>>
>> Please send your bug reports, suggested features and comments to the above address.
>>
>> .SH CONFORMING TO
>> Rich Access Control Lists are Linux-specific.
>> .SH SEE ALSO
>> .BR chmod (1),
>> .BR getrichacl (1),
>> .BR ls (1),
>> .BR setrichacl (1)
>> .BR stat (2),
>> .BR umask (2),
>> .BR acl (7)
>> .\" librichacl

Thanks a lot,
Andreas
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