Date:   Mon, 29 Oct 2018 23:30:41 -0700
From:   Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
To:     david <david@...morbit.com>
Cc:     Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>, jmoyer <jmoyer@...hat.com>,
        Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@...e.de>,
        Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@...el.com>,
        linux-nvdimm <linux-nvdimm@...ts.01.org>,
        Linux MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        linux-fsdevel <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-ext4 <linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-xfs <linux-xfs@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: Problems with VM_MIXEDMAP removal from /proc/<pid>/smaps

On Thu, Oct 18, 2018 at 5:58 PM Dave Chinner <david@...morbit.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Oct 18, 2018 at 04:55:55PM +0200, Jan Kara wrote:
> > On Thu 18-10-18 11:25:10, Dave Chinner wrote:
> > > On Wed, Oct 17, 2018 at 04:23:50PM -0400, Jeff Moyer wrote:
> > > > MAP_SYNC
> > > > - file system guarantees that metadata required to reach faulted-in file
> > > >   data is consistent on media before a write fault is completed.  A
> > > >   side-effect is that the page cache will not be used for
> > > >   writably-mapped pages.
> > >
> > > I think you are conflating current implementation with API
> > > requirements - MAP_SYNC doesn't guarantee anything about page cache
> > > use. The man page definition simply says "supported only for files
> > > supporting DAX" and that it provides certain data integrity
> > > guarantees. It does not define the implementation.
> > >
> > > We've /implemented MAP_SYNC/ as O_DSYNC page fault behaviour,
> > > because that's the only way we can currently provide the required
> > > behaviour to userspace. However, if a filesystem can use the page
> > > cache to provide the required functionality, then it's free to do
> > > so.
> > >
> > > i.e. if someone implements a pmem-based page cache, MAP_SYNC data
> > > integrity could be provided /without DAX/ by any filesystem using
> > > that persistent page cache. i.e. MAP_SYNC really only requires
> > > mmap() of CPU addressable persistent memory - it does not require
> > > DAX. Right now, however, the only way to get this functionality is
> > > through a DAX capable filesystem on dax capable storage.
> > >
> > > And, FWIW, this is pretty much how NOVA maintains DAX w/ COW - it
> > > COWs new pages in pmem and attaches them a special per-inode cache
> > > on clean->dirty transition. Then on data sync, background writeback
> > > or crash recovery, it migrates them from the cache into the file map
> > > proper via atomic metadata pointer swaps.
> > >
> > > IOWs, NOVA provides the correct MAP_SYNC semantics by using a
> > > separate persistent per-inode write cache to provide the correct
> > > crash recovery semantics for MAP_SYNC.
> >
> > Corect. NOVA would be able to provide MAP_SYNC semantics without DAX. But
> > effectively it will be also able to provide MAP_DIRECT semantics, right?
>
> Yes, I think so. It still needs to do COW on first write fault,
> but then the app has direct access to the data buffer until it is
> cleaned and put back in place. The "put back in place" is just an
> atomic swap of metadata pointers, so it doesn't need the page cache
> at all...
>
> > Because there won't be DRAM between app and persistent storage and I don't
> > think COW tricks or other data integrity methods are that interesting for
> > the application.
>
> Not for the application, but the filesystem still wants to support
> snapshots and other such functionality that requires COW. And NOVA
> doesn't have write-in-place functionality at all - it always COWs
> on the clean->dirty transition.
>
> > Most users of O_DIRECT are concerned about getting close
> > to media speed performance and low DRAM usage...
>
> *nod*
>
> > > > and what I think Dan had proposed:
> > > >
> > > > mmap flag, MAP_DIRECT
> > > > - file system guarantees that page cache will not be used to front storage.
> > > >   storage MUST be directly addressable.  This *almost* implies MAP_SYNC.
> > > >   The subtle difference is that a write fault /may/ not result in metadata
> > > >   being written back to media.
> > >
> > > SIimilar to O_DIRECT, these semantics do not allow userspace apps to
> > > replace msync/fsync with CPU cache flush operations. So any
> > > application that uses this mode still needs to use either MAP_SYNC
> > > or issue msync/fsync for data integrity.
> > >
> > > If the app is using MAP_DIRECT, the what do we do if the filesystem
> > > can't provide the required semantics for that specific operation? In
> > > the case of O_DIRECT, we fall back to buffered IO because it has the
> > > same data integrity semantics as O_DIRECT and will always work. It's
> > > just slower and consumes more memory, but the app continues to work
> > > just fine.
> > >
> > > Sending SIGBUS to apps when we can't perform MAP_DIRECT operations
> > > without using the pagecache seems extremely problematic to me.  e.g.
> > > an app already has an open MAP_DIRECT file, and a third party
> > > reflinks it or dedupes it and the fs has to fall back to buffered IO
> > > to do COW operations. This isn't the app's fault - the kernel should
> > > just fall back transparently to using the page cache for the
> > > MAP_DIRECT app and just keep working, just like it would if it was
> > > using O_DIRECT read/write.
> >
> > There's another option of failing reflink / dedupe with EBUSY if the file
> > is mapped with MAP_DIRECT and the filesystem cannot support relink &
> > MAP_DIRECT together. But there are downsides to that as well.
>
> Yup, not the least that setting MAP_DIRECT can race with a
> reflink....
>
> > > The point I'm trying to make here is that O_DIRECT is a /hint/, not
> > > a guarantee, and it's done that way to prevent applications from
> > > being presented with transient, potentially fatal error cases
> > > because a filesystem implementation can't do a specific operation
> > > through the direct IO path.
> > >
> > > IMO, MAP_DIRECT needs to be a hint like O_DIRECT and not a
> > > guarantee. Over time we'll end up with filesystems that can
> > > guarantee that MAP_DIRECT is always going to use DAX, in the same
> > > way we have filesystems that guarantee O_DIRECT will always be
> > > O_DIRECT (e.g. XFS). But if we decide that MAP_DIRECT must guarantee
> > > no page cache will ever be used, then we are basically saying
> > > "filesystems won't provide MAP_DIRECT even in common, useful cases
> > > because they can't provide MAP_DIRECT in all cases." And that
> > > doesn't seem like a very good solution to me.
> >
> > These are good points. I'm just somewhat wary of the situation where users
> > will map files with MAP_DIRECT and then the machine starts thrashing
> > because the file got reflinked and thus pagecache gets used suddently.
>
> It's still better than apps randomly getting SIGBUS.
>
> FWIW, this suggests that we probably need to be able to host both
> DAX pages and page cache pages on the same file at the same time,
> and be able to handle page faults based on the type of page being
> mapped (different sets of fault ops for different page types?)
> and have fallback paths when the page type needs to be changed
> between direct and cached during the fault....
>
> > With O_DIRECT the fallback to buffered IO is quite rare (at least for major
> > filesystems) so usually people just won't notice. If fallback for
> > MAP_DIRECT will be easy to hit, I'm not sure it would be very useful.
>
> Which is just like the situation where O_DIRECT on ext3 was not very
> useful, but on other filesystems like XFS it was fully functional.
>
> IMO, the fact that a specific filesytem has a suboptimal fallback
> path for an uncommon behaviour isn't an argument against MAP_DIRECT
> as a hint - it's actually a feature. If MAP_DIRECT can't be used
> until it's always direct access, then most filesystems wouldn't be
> able to provide any faster paths at all. It's much better to have
> partial functionality now than it is to never have the functionality
> at all, and so we need to design in the flexibility we need to
> iteratively improve implementations without needing API changes that
> will break applications.

The hard guarantee requirement still remains though because an
application that expects combined MAP_SYNC|MAP_DIRECT semantics will
be surprised if the MAP_DIRECT property silently disappears. I think
it still makes some sense as a hint for apps that want to minimize
page cache, but for the applications with a flush from userspace model
I think that wants to be an F_SETLEASE / F_DIRECTLCK operation. This
still gives the filesystem the option to inject page-cache at will,
but with an application coordination point.

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