Date:   Thu, 14 Oct 2021 10:35:27 -0700
From:   Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@...dia.com>
To:     Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...dia.com>, Alex Sierra <alex.sierra@....com>
CC:     <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, <Felix.Kuehling@....com>,
        <linux-mm@...ck.org>, <linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org>,
        <linux-xfs@...r.kernel.org>, <amd-gfx@...ts.freedesktop.org>,
        <dri-devel@...ts.freedesktop.org>, <hch@....de>,
        <jglisse@...hat.com>, <apopple@...dia.com>, <willy@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 2/2] mm: remove extra ZONE_DEVICE struct page refcount


On 10/14/21 10:06 AM, Jason Gunthorpe wrote:
> On Thu, Oct 14, 2021 at 10:39:28AM -0500, Alex Sierra wrote:
>> From: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@...dia.com>
>>
>> ZONE_DEVICE struct pages have an extra reference count that complicates the
>> code for put_page() and several places in the kernel that need to check the
>> reference count to see that a page is not being used (gup, compaction,
>> migration, etc.). Clean up the code so the reference count doesn't need to
>> be treated specially for ZONE_DEVICE.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@...dia.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Alex Sierra <alex.sierra@....com>
>> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@....de>
>> ---
>> v2:
>> AS: merged this patch in linux 5.11 version
>>
>> v5:
>> AS: add condition at try_grab_page to check for the zone device type, while
>> page ref counter is checked less/equal to zero. In case of device zone, pages
>> ref counter are initialized to zero.
>>
>> v7:
>> AS: fix condition at try_grab_page added at v5, is invalid. It supposed
>> to fix xfstests/generic/413 test, however, there's a known issue on
>> this test where DAX mapped area DIO to non-DAX expect to fail.
>> https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/fstests/patch/1489463960-3579-1-git-send-email-xzhou@redhat.com
>> This condition was removed after rebase over patch series
>> https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210813044133.1536842-4-jhubbard@nvidia.com
>> ---
>>   arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_uvmem.c     |  2 +-
>>   drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nouveau_dmem.c |  2 +-
>>   fs/dax.c                               |  4 +-
>>   include/linux/dax.h                    |  2 +-
>>   include/linux/memremap.h               |  7 +--
>>   include/linux/mm.h                     | 11 ----
>>   lib/test_hmm.c                         |  2 +-
>>   mm/internal.h                          |  8 +++
>>   mm/memcontrol.c                        |  6 +--
>>   mm/memremap.c                          | 69 +++++++-------------------
>>   mm/migrate.c                           |  5 --
>>   mm/page_alloc.c                        |  3 ++
>>   mm/swap.c                              | 45 ++---------------
>>   13 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)
> Has anyone tested this with FSDAX? Does get_user_pages() on fsdax
> backed memory still work?

I ran xfstests-dev using the kernel boot option to "fake" a pmem device
when I first posted this patch. The tests ran OK (or at least the same
tests passed with and without my patch). However, I could never really
convince myself the changes were "OK" for fsdax since I didn't understand
the code that well. I would still like to see a xfsdax maintainer or
expert ACK this change.

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfstests-dev.git

> What refcount value does the struct pages have when they are installed
> in the PTEs? Remember a 0 refcount will make all the get_user_pages()
> fail.
>
> I'm looking at the call path starting in ext4_punch_hole() and I would
> expect to see something manipulating the page ref count before
> the ext4_break_layouts() call path gets to the dax_page_unused() test.
>
> All I see is we go into unmap_mapping_pages() - that would normally
> put back the page references held by PTEs but insert_pfn() has this:
>
> 	if (pfn_t_devmap(pfn))
> 		entry = pte_mkdevmap(pfn_t_pte(pfn, prot));
>
> And:
>
> static inline pte_t pte_mkdevmap(pte_t pte)
> {
> 	return pte_set_flags(pte, _PAGE_SPECIAL|_PAGE_DEVMAP);
> }
>
> Which interacts with vm_normal_page():
>
> 		if (pte_devmap(pte))
> 			return NULL;
>
> To disable that refcounting?
>
> So... I have a feeling this will have PTEs pointing to 0 refcount
> pages? Unless FSDAX is !pte_devmap which is not the case, right?
>
> This seems further confirmed by this comment:
>
> 	/*
> 	 * If we race get_user_pages_fast() here either we'll see the
> 	 * elevated page count in the iteration and wait, or
> 	 * get_user_pages_fast() will see that the page it took a reference
> 	 * against is no longer mapped in the page tables and bail to the
> 	 * get_user_pages() slow path.  The slow path is protected by
> 	 * pte_lock() and pmd_lock(). New references are not taken without
> 	 * holding those locks, and unmap_mapping_pages() will not zero the
> 	 * pte or pmd without holding the respective lock, so we are
> 	 * guaranteed to either see new references or prevent new
> 	 * references from being established.
> 	 */
>
> Which seems to explain this scheme relies on unmap_mapping_pages() to
> fence GUP_fast, not on GUP_fast observing 0 refcounts when it should
> stop.
>
> This seems like it would be properly fixed by using normal page
> refcounting for PTEs - ie stop using special for these pages?
>
> Does anyone know why devmap is pte_special anyhow?
>
>> +void free_zone_device_page(struct page *page)
>> +{
>> +	switch (page->pgmap->type) {
>> +	case MEMORY_DEVICE_PRIVATE:
>> +		free_device_page(page);
>> +		return;
>> +	case MEMORY_DEVICE_FS_DAX:
>> +		/* notify page idle */
>> +		wake_up_var(&page->_refcount);
>> +		return;
> It is not for this series, but I wonder if we should just always call
> ops->page_free and have free_device_page() logic in that callback for
> the non-fs-dax cases?
>
> For instance where is the mem_cgroup_charge() call to pair with the
> mem_cgroup_uncharge() in free_device_page()?
>
> Isn't cgroup charging (or not) the responsibility of the "allocator"
> eg the pgmap_ops owner?
>
> Jason

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