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Message-ID: <ZWQrc7w2AD2WvwkK@archie.me>
Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2023 12:38:59 +0700
From: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@...il.com>
To: Mukesh Ojha <quic_mojha@...cinc.com>, corbet@....net, agross@...nel.org,
andersson@...nel.org, konrad.dybcio@...aro.org, robh+dt@...nel.org,
krzysztof.kozlowski+dt@...aro.org, conor+dt@...nel.org,
keescook@...omium.org, tony.luck@...el.com, gpiccoli@...lia.com,
mathieu.poirier@...aro.org, vigneshr@...com, nm@...com,
matthias.bgg@...il.com, kgene@...nel.org, alim.akhtar@...sung.com,
bmasney@...hat.com
Cc: linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-arm-msm@...r.kernel.org, linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org,
linux-remoteproc@...r.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org,
linux-mediatek@...ts.infradead.org,
linux-samsung-soc@...r.kernel.org, kernel@...cinc.com
Subject: Re: [Patch v6 03/12] docs: qcom: Add qualcomm minidump guide
On Sat, Nov 25, 2023 at 03:49:46AM +0530, Mukesh Ojha wrote:
> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
> index 43ea35613dfc..251d070486c2 100644
> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
> @@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking.
> perf-security
> pm/index
> pnp
> + qcom_minidump
> rapidio
> ras
> rtc
> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..b492f2b79639
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/qcom_minidump.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
> +Qualcomm minidump feature
> +=========================
> +
> +Introduction
> +------------
> +
> +Minidump is a best effort mechanism to collect useful and predefined
> +data for first level of debugging on end user devices running on
> +Qualcomm SoCs. It is built on the premise that System on Chip (SoC)
> +or subsystem part of SoC crashes, due to a range of hardware and
> +software bugs. Hence, the ability to collect accurate data is only
> +a best-effort. The data collected could be invalid or corrupted, data
> +collection itself could fail, and so on.
> +
> +Qualcomm devices in engineering mode provides a mechanism for generating
> +full system RAM dumps for post-mortem debugging. But in some cases it's
> +however not feasible to capture the entire content of RAM. The minidump
> +mechanism provides the means for selected region should be included in
> +the ramdump.
> +
> +
> +::
> +
> + +-----------------------------------------------+
> + | DDR +-------------+ |
> + | | SS0-ToC| |
> + | +----------------+ +----------------+ | |
> + | |Shared memory | | SS1-ToC| | |
> + | |(SMEM) | | | | |
> + | | | +-->|--------+ | | |
> + | |G-ToC | | | SS-ToC \ | | |
> + | |+-------------+ | | | +-----------+ | | |
> + | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
> + | || SS0-ToC | | | +-|<|SS1 region1| | | |
> + | ||-------------| | | | | |-----------| | | |
> + | || SS1-ToC |-|>+ | | |SS1 region2| | | |
> + | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
> + | || SS2-ToC | | | | | ... | | | |
> + | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
> + | || ... | | |-|<|SS1 regionN| | | |
> + | ||-------------| | | | |-----------| | | |
> + | || SSn-ToC | | | | +-----------+ | | |
> + | |+-------------+ | | | | | |
> + | | | | |----------------| | |
> + | | | +>| regionN | | |
> + | | | | |----------------| | |
> + | +----------------+ | | | | |
> + | | |----------------| | |
> + | +>| region1 | | |
> + | |----------------| | |
> + | | | | |
> + | |----------------|-+ |
> + | | region5 | |
> + | |----------------| |
> + | | | |
> + | Region information +----------------+ |
> + | +---------------+ |
> + | |region name | |
> + | |---------------| |
> + | |region address | |
> + | |---------------| |
> + | |region size | |
> + | +---------------+ |
> + +-----------------------------------------------+
> + G-ToC: Global table of contents
> + SS-ToC: Subsystem table of contents
> + SS0-SSn: Subsystem numbered from 0 to n
> +
> +It depends on SoC where the underlying firmware is keeping the
> +minidump global table taking care of subsystem ToC part for
> +minidump like for above diagram, it is for shared memory sitting
> +in DDR and it is shared among various master however it is possible
> +that this could be implemented via memory mapped regions but the
> +general idea should remain same. Here, various subsystem could be
> +DSP's like ADSP/CDSP/MODEM etc, along with Application processor
> +(APSS) where Linux runs. DSP minidump gets collected when DSP's goes
> +for recovery followed by a crash. The minidump part of code for
> +that resides in ``qcom_rproc_minidump.c``.
> +
> +
> +SMEM as backend
> +----------------
> +
> +In this document, SMEM will be used as the backend implementation
> +of minidump.
> +
> +The core of minidump feature is part of Qualcomm's boot firmware code.
> +It initializes shared memory (SMEM), which is a part of DDR and
> +allocates a small section of it to minidump table, i.e. also called
> +global table of contents (G-ToC). Each subsystem (APSS, ADSP, ...) has
> +its own table of segments to be included in the minidump, all
> +references from a descriptor in SMEM (G-ToC). Each segment/region has
> +some details like name, physical address and its size etc. and it
> +could be anywhere scattered in the DDR.
> +
> +Qualcomm APSS Minidump kernel driver concept
> +--------------------------------------------
> +
> +Qualcomm APSS minidump kernel driver adds the capability to add Linux
> +region to be dumped as part of RAM dump collection. At the moment,
> +shared memory driver creates platform device for minidump driver and
> +give a means to APSS minidump to initialize itself on probe.
> +
> +This driver provides ``qcom_minidump_region_register`` and
> +``qcom_minidump_region_unregister`` API's to register and unregister
> +APSS minidump region. It also supports registration for the clients
> +who came before minidump driver was initialized. It maintains pending
> +list of clients who came before minidump and once minidump is initialized
> +it registers them in one go.
> +
> +To simplify post-mortem debugging, driver creates and maintain an ELF
> +header as first region that gets updated each time a new region gets
> +registered.
> +
> +The solution supports extracting the RAM dump/minidump produced either
> +over USB or stored to an attached storage device.
> +
> +Dependency of minidump kernel driver
> +------------------------------------
> +
> +It is to note that whole of minidump depends on Qualcomm boot firmware
> +whether it supports minidump or not. So, if the minidump SMEM ID is
> +present in shared memory, it indicates that minidump is supported from
> +boot firmware and it is possible to dump Linux (APSS) region as part
> +of minidump collection.
> +
> +How a kernel client driver can register region with minidump
> +------------------------------------------------------------
> +
> +Client driver can use ``qcom_minidump_region_register`` API's to register
> +and ``qcom_minidump_region_unregister`` to unregister their region from
> +minidump driver.
> +
> +Client needs to fill their region by filling ``qcom_minidump_region``
> +structure object which consists of the region name, region's virtual
> +and physical address and its size.
> +
> +Below, is one sample client driver snippet which tries to allocate a
> +region from kernel heap of certain size and it writes a certain known
> +pattern (that can help in verification after collection that we got
> +the exact pattern, what we wrote) and registers it with minidump.
> +
> + .. code-block:: c
> +
> + #include <soc/qcom/qcom_minidump.h>
> + [...]
> +
> +
> + [... inside a function ...]
> + struct qcom_minidump_region region;
> +
> + [...]
> +
> + client_mem_region = kzalloc(region_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!client_mem_region)
> + return -ENOMEM;
> +
> + [... Just write a pattern ...]
> + memset(client_mem_region, 0xAB, region_size);
> +
> + [... Fill up the region object ...]
> + strlcpy(region.name, "REGION_A", sizeof(region.name));
> + region.virt_addr = client_mem_region;
> + region.phys_addr = virt_to_phys(client_mem_region);
> + region.size = region_size;
> +
> + ret = qcom_minidump_region_register(®ion);
> + if (ret < 0) {
> + pr_err("failed to add region in minidump: err: %d\n", ret);
> + return ret;
> + }
> +
> + [...]
> +
> +
> +Test
> +----
> +
> +Existing Qualcomm devices already supports entire RAM dump (also called
> +full dump) by writing appropriate value to Qualcomm's top control and
> +status register (tcsr) in ``driver/firmware/qcom_scm.c`` .
> +
> +SCM device Tree bindings required to support download mode
> +For example (sm8450) ::
> +
> + / {
> +
> + [...]
> +
> + firmware {
> + scm: scm {
> + compatible = "qcom,scm-sm8450", "qcom,scm";
> + [... tcsr register ... ]
> + qcom,dload-mode = <&tcsr 0x13000>;
> +
> + [...]
> + };
> + };
> +
> + [...]
> +
> + soc: soc@0 {
> +
> + [...]
> +
> + tcsr: syscon@...0000 {
> + compatible = "qcom,sm8450-tcsr", "syscon";
> + reg = <0x0 0x1fc0000 0x0 0x30000>;
> + };
> +
> + [...]
> + };
> + [...]
> +
> + };
> +
> +User of minidump can pass ``qcom_scm.download_mode="mini"`` to kernel
> +commandline to set the current download mode to minidump.
> +Similarly, ``"full"`` is passed to set the download mode to full dump
> +where entire RAM dump will be collected while setting it ``"full,mini"``
> +will collect minidump along with fulldump.
> +
> +Writing to sysfs node can also be used to set the mode to minidump::
> +
> + echo "mini" > /sys/module/qcom_scm/parameter/download_mode
> +
> +Once the download mode is set, any kind of crash will make the device collect
> +respective dump as per set download mode.
> +
> +Dump collection
> +---------------
> +::
> +
> + +-----------+
> + | |
> + | | +------+
> + | | | |
> + | | +--+---+ Product(Qualcomm SoC)
> + +-----------+ |
> + |+++++++++++|<------------+
> + |+++++++++++| usb cable
> + +-----------+
> + x86_64 PC
> +
> +The solution supports a product running with Qualcomm SoC (where minidump)
> +is supported from the firmware) connected to x86_64 host PC running PCAT
> +tool. It supports downloading the minidump produced from product to the
> +host PC over USB or to save the minidump to the product attached storage
> +device(UFS/eMMC/SD Card) into minidump dedicated partition.
> +
> +By default, dumps are downloaded via USB to the attached x86_64 PC running
> +PCAT (Qualcomm tool) software. Upon download, we will see a set of binary
> +blobs starting with name ``md_*`` in PCAT configured directory in x86_64
> +machine, so for above example from the client it will be ``md_REGION_A.BIN``.
> +This binary blob depends on region content to determine whether it needs
> +external parser support to get the content of the region, so for simple
> +plain ASCII text we don't need any parsing and the content can be seen
> +just opening the binary file.
> +
> +To collect the dump to attached storage type, one needs to write appropriate
> +value to IMEM register, in that case dumps are collected in rawdump
> +partition on the product device itself.
> +
> +One needs to read the entire rawdump partition and pull out content to
> +save it onto the attached x86_64 machine over USB. Later, this rawdump
> +can be passed to another tool (``dexter.exe`` [Qualcomm tool]) which
> +converts this into the similar binary blobs which we have got it when
> +download type was set to USB, i.e. a set of registered regions as blobs
> +and their name starts with ``md_*``.
> +
> +Replacing the ``dexter.exe`` with some open source tool can be added as future
> +scope of this document.
LGTM, thanks!
Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@...il.com>
--
An old man doll... just what I always wanted! - Clara
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