linux-hardening - Re: [RFC PATCH v2 18/19] heki: x86: Protect guest kernel memory using the KVM hypervisor

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Message-ID: <b1dc0963-ab99-4a79-af19-ef5ed981fa60@linux.microsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:05:23 -0600
From: "Madhavan T. Venkataraman" <madvenka@...ux.microsoft.com>
To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>, Mickaël Salaün <mic@...ikod.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Dave Hansen
 <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
 Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
 Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>, Sean Christopherson
 <seanjc@...gle.com>, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
 Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@...hat.com>, Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@...cent.com>,
 Alexander Graf <graf@...zon.com>, Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@...ux.intel.com>,
 "Edgecombe, Rick P" <rick.p.edgecombe@...el.com>,
 Forrest Yuan Yu <yuanyu@...gle.com>, James Gowans <jgowans@...zon.com>,
 James Morris <jamorris@...ux.microsoft.com>,
 John Andersen <john.s.andersen@...el.com>,
 Marian Rotariu <marian.c.rotariu@...il.com>,
 Mihai Donțu <mdontu@...defender.com>,
 Nicușor Cîțu <nicu.citu@...oud.com>,
 Thara Gopinath <tgopinath@...rosoft.com>,
 Trilok Soni <quic_tsoni@...cinc.com>, Wei Liu <wei.liu@...nel.org>,
 Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>, Yu Zhang <yu.c.zhang@...ux.intel.com>,
 Zahra Tarkhani <ztarkhani@...rosoft.com>,
 Ștefan Șicleru <ssicleru@...defender.com>,
 dev@...ts.cloudhypervisor.org, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
 linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org, linux-hyperv@...r.kernel.org,
 linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-security-module@...r.kernel.org,
 qemu-devel@...gnu.org, virtualization@...ts.linux-foundation.org,
 x86@...nel.org, xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v2 18/19] heki: x86: Protect guest kernel memory using
 the KVM hypervisor

Apologies for the late reply. I was on vacation. Please see my response below:

On 11/13/23 02:54, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Sun, Nov 12, 2023 at 09:23:25PM -0500, Mickaël Salaün wrote:
>> From: Madhavan T. Venkataraman <madvenka@...ux.microsoft.com>
>>
>> Implement a hypervisor function, kvm_protect_memory() that calls the
>> KVM_HC_PROTECT_MEMORY hypercall to request the KVM hypervisor to
>> set specified permissions on a list of guest pages.
>>
>> Using the protect_memory() function, set proper EPT permissions for all
>> guest pages.
>>
>> Use the MEM_ATTR_IMMUTABLE property to protect the kernel static
>> sections and the boot-time read-only sections. This enables to make sure
>> a compromised guest will not be able to change its main physical memory
>> page permissions. However, this also disable any feature that may change
>> the kernel's text section (e.g., ftrace, Kprobes), but they can still be
>> used on kernel modules.
>>
>> Module loading/unloading, and eBPF JIT is allowed without restrictions
>> for now, but we'll need a way to authenticate these code changes to
>> really improve the guests' security. We plan to use module signatures,
>> but there is no solution yet to authenticate eBPF programs.
>>
>> Being able to use ftrace and Kprobes in a secure way is a challenge not
>> solved yet. We're looking for ideas to make this work.
>>
>> Likewise, the JUMP_LABEL feature cannot work because the kernel's text
>> section is read-only.
> 
> What is the actual problem? As is the kernel text map is already RO and
> never changed.

For the JUMP_LABEL optimization, the text needs to be patched at some point.
That patching requires a writable mapping of the text page at the time of
patching.

In this Heki feature, we currently lock down the kernel text at the end of
kernel boot just before kicking off the init process. The lockdown is
implemented by setting the permissions of a text page to R_X in the extended
page table and not allowing write permissions in the EPT after that. So, jump label
patching during kernel boot is not a problem. But doing it after kernel
boot is a problem.

The lockdown is just for the current Heki implementation. In the future, we plan
to have a way of authenticating guest requests to change permissions on a text page.
Once that is in place, permissions on text pages can be changed on the fly to
support features that depend on text patching - FTrace, KProbes, etc.

Madhavan