Message-ID: <4505D403.8030308@in.ibm.com>
Date:	Tue, 12 Sep 2006 02:54:19 +0530
From:	Balbir Singh <balbir@...ibm.com>
To:	Kirill Korotaev <dev@...ru>
Cc:	balbir@...ibm.com, Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
	Srivatsa <vatsa@...ibm.com>,
	CKRM-Tech <ckrm-tech@...ts.sourceforge.net>,
	Dave Hansen <haveblue@...ibm.com>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Andi Kleen <ak@...e.de>, Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>,
	Andrey Savochkin <saw@...ru>, devel@...nvz.org,
	Hugh Dickins <hugh@...itas.com>,
	Matt Helsley <matthltc@...ibm.com>,
	Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@...l.ru>,
	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...sign.ru>,
	Alan Cox <alan@...rguk.ukuu.org.uk>,
	Pavel Emelianov <xemul@...nvz.org>
Subject: V2: Add tgid aggregation to beancounters (was Re: [ckrm-tech] [PATCH]
 BC: resource beancounters (v4) (added user memory))

Balbir Singh wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 06, 2006 at 05:06:44PM +0400, Kirill Korotaev wrote:
>> Balbir Singh wrote:
>>> Kirill Korotaev wrote:
>>>
>>>> Core Resource Beancounters (BC) + kernel/user memory control.
>>>>
>>>> BC allows to account and control consumption
>>>> of kernel resources used by group of processes.
>>>>
>>>> Draft UBC description on OpenVZ wiki can be found at
>>>> http://wiki.openvz.org/UBC_parameters
>>>>
>>>> The full BC patch set allows to control:
>>>> - kernel memory. All the kernel objects allocatable
>>>> on user demand should be accounted and limited
>>>> for DoS protection.
>>>> E.g. page tables, task structs, vmas etc.
>>>
>>> One of the key requirements of resource management for us is to be able to
>>> migrate tasks across resource groups. Since bean counters do not associate
>>> a list of tasks associated with them, I do not see how this can be done
>>> with the existing bean counters.
>> It was discussed multiple times already.
>> The key problem here is the objects which do not _belong_ to tasks.
>> e.g. IPC objects. They exist in global namespace and can't be reaccounted.
>> At least no one proposed the policy to reaccount.
>> And please note, IPCs are not the only such objects.
>>
>> But I guess your comment mostly concerns user pages, yeah?
>> In this case reaccounting can be easily done using page beancounters
>> which are introduced in this patch set.
>> So if it is a requirement, then lets cooperate and create such functionality.
>>
>> So for now I see 2 main requirements from people:
>> - memory reclamation
>> - tasks moving across beancounters
>>
>> I agree with these requirements and lets move into this direction.
>> But moving so far can't be done without accepting:
>> 1. core functionality
>> 2. accounting
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Kirill
> 
> Hi, Kirill,
> 
> I've got a patch to extend bean-counters to do simple aggregation.
> 
> The idea is to use this to finally do task migration. Initial comments on the
> design and idea would be useful. The original idea was suggested by Dave
> Hansen during a private discussion.
> 
> TODOS:
> 
> 1. Add task data extraction support
> 2. Add task migration support
> 
> I've gotten the patch to compile and boot on a x86-64 box.
> 


Attempt to create per-tgid beancounters. These are especially useful
for memory (since all threads share memory) and they also aid task/tgid
migration.

TODO's

1. Add support for unused_pages (so that accounting is accurate and consistent
    with beancounter accounting principles).
2. Add system call support to extract tgid information
3. Consider refactoring the code

Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@...ibm.com>
---

  include/bc/beancounter.h |   62 +++++++++++++++++
  kernel/bc/beancounter.c  |  166 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
  kernel/bc/misc.c         |    5 +
  kernel/fork.c            |    4 -
  4 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff -puN include/bc/beancounter.h~per-tgid-resource-tracking 
include/bc/beancounter.h
--- linux-2.6.18-rc5/include/bc/beancounter.h~per-tgid-resource-tracking 
2006-09-08 12:03:31.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.18-rc5-balbir/include/bc/beancounter.h	2006-09-12 
02:22:03.000000000 +0530
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ struct bc_resource_parm {
  #include <linux/list.h>
  #include <asm/atomic.h>

-#define BC_MAXVALUE	LONG_MAX
+#define BC_MAXVALUE		LONG_MAX
+
+#define BC_TGID_HASH_BITS	6
+#define BC_TGID_HASH_SIZE	(1 << BC_TGID_HASH_BITS)

  /*
   * This magic is used to distinuish user beancounter and pages beancounter
@@ -73,6 +76,18 @@ struct beancounter {
  #endif
  	/* resources statistics and settings */
  	struct bc_resource_parm	bc_parms[BC_RESOURCES];
+	struct hlist_head	tgid_hash[BC_TGID_HASH_SIZE];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Per tgid resource statistics
+ */
+struct tgid_beancounter {
+	struct bc_resource_parm	tbc_parms[BC_RESOURCES];
+	struct hlist_node	hash;
+	pid_t			tgid;
+	struct beancounter	*bc;
+	atomic_t		tbc_refcount;
  };

  enum bc_severity { BC_BARRIER, BC_LIMIT, BC_FORCE };
@@ -101,6 +116,16 @@ static inline void bc_adjust_maxheld(str
  		parm->maxheld = parm->held;
  }

+static inline void tbc_adjust_maxheld(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc,
+					int resource)
+{
+	struct bc_resource_parm *parm;
+
+	parm = &tbc->tbc_parms[resource];
+	if (parm->maxheld < parm->held)
+		parm->maxheld = parm->held;
+}
+
  static inline void bc_adjust_minheld(struct beancounter *bc, int resource)
  {
  	struct bc_resource_parm *parm;
@@ -110,6 +135,16 @@ static inline void bc_adjust_minheld(str
  		parm->minheld = parm->held;
  }

+static inline void tbc_adjust_minheld(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc,
+					int resource)
+{
+	struct bc_resource_parm *parm;
+
+	parm = &tbc->tbc_parms[resource];
+	if (parm->minheld > parm->held)
+		parm->minheld = parm->held;
+}
+
  int __must_check bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter *bc,
  		int res, unsigned long val, enum bc_severity strict);
  int __must_check bc_charge(struct beancounter *bc,
@@ -119,6 +154,11 @@ void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancount
  void bc_uncharge(struct beancounter *bc, int res, unsigned long val);

  struct beancounter *beancounter_findcreate(bcid_t id, int mask);
+struct tgid_beancounter *tgid_beancounter_findcreate(
+						struct beancounter *bc,
+						int mask,
+						int locked);
+void tgid_beancounter_release(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc, int locked);

  static inline struct beancounter *get_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc)
  {
@@ -126,7 +166,15 @@ static inline struct beancounter *get_be
  	return bc;
  }

+static inline struct tgid_beancounter *tgid_get_beancounter(
+						struct tgid_beancounter *tbc)
+{
+	atomic_inc(&tbc->tbc_refcount);
+	return tbc;
+}
+
  void put_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc);
+void tgid_put_beancounter(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc);

  void bc_init_early(void);
  void bc_init_late(void);
@@ -135,6 +183,18 @@ void bc_init_proc(void);
  extern struct beancounter init_bc;
  extern const char *bc_rnames[];

+#define tgid_beancounter_findcreate_locked(bc, mask) \
+	tgid_beancounter_findcreate(bc, mask, 1)
+
+#define tgid_beancounter_findcreate_unlocked(bc, mask) \
+	tgid_beancounter_findcreate(bc, mask, 0)
+
+#define tgid_beancounter_release_locked(bc) \
+	tgid_beancounter_release(bc, 1)
+
+#define tgid_beancounter_release_unlocked(bc) \
+	tgid_beancounter_release(bc, 0)
+
  #else /* CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS */

  #define nr_beancounters 0
diff -puN kernel/bc/beancounter.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking kernel/bc/beancounter.c
--- linux-2.6.18-rc5/kernel/bc/beancounter.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking 
2006-09-08 12:03:31.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.18-rc5-balbir/kernel/bc/beancounter.c	2006-09-12 
02:45:53.000000000 +0530
@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@
  #include <bc/vmrss.h>

  static kmem_cache_t *bc_cachep;
+static kmem_cache_t *bc_tgid_cachep;
  static struct beancounter default_beancounter;
+static struct tgid_beancounter default_tgid_beancounter;

  static void init_beancounter_struct(struct beancounter *bc, bcid_t id);
+static void init_tgid_beancounter_struct(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc,
+						struct beancounter *bc);

  struct beancounter init_bc;

@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@ const char *bc_rnames[] = {
  static struct hlist_head bc_hash[BC_HASH_SIZE];
  static spinlock_t bc_hash_lock;
  #define bc_hash_fn(bcid)	(hash_long(bcid, BC_HASH_BITS))
+#define bc_tgid_hash_fn(bcid)	(hash_long(bcid, BC_TGID_HASH_BITS))

  /*
   *	Per resource beancounting. Resources are tied to their bc id.
@@ -97,6 +102,103 @@ out:
  	return new_bc;
  }

+/*
+ * Introduce a hierarchy for beancounters.
+ * 		bc
+ *	tbc tbc ...  tbc tbc
+ * Each tgid_beancounter tracks the resource usage for the tgid.
+ * It makes it easier to move tasks across beancounters, since we know
+ * the usage of every tgid. It's quite easy to extend this detail to a
+ * per-task level, by creating task_beancounters under each tgid_beancounter.
+ */
+struct tgid_beancounter *tgid_beancounter_findcreate(struct beancounter *bc,
+							int mask, int locked)
+{
+	struct tgid_beancounter *new_tbc, *tbc = NULL;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;	/* use a macro to hide if reqd */
+	struct hlist_head *slot = NULL;
+	struct hlist_node *pos = NULL;
+
+	get_beancounter(bc);
+	slot = &bc->tgid_hash[bc_tgid_hash_fn(current->tgid)];
+	new_tbc = NULL;
+
+retry:
+	if (!locked)
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+	hlist_for_each_entry (tbc, pos, slot, hash)
+		if (tbc->tgid == current->tgid)
+			break;
+
+	if (pos != NULL) {
+		if (!(mask & BC_ALLOC))
+			put_beancounter(bc);
+		if (mask & BC_ALLOC)
+			tgid_get_beancounter(tbc);
+		if (!locked)
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+
+		if (new_tbc != NULL)
+			kmem_cache_free(bc_tgid_cachep, new_tbc);
+		return tbc;
+	}
+
+	if (new_tbc != NULL)
+		goto out_install;
+
+	if (!locked)
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+
+	if (!(mask & BC_ALLOC))
+		goto out;
+
+	new_tbc = kmem_cache_alloc(bc_tgid_cachep,
+			mask & BC_ALLOC_ATOMIC ? GFP_ATOMIC : GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (new_tbc == NULL)
+		goto out;
+
+	init_tgid_beancounter_struct(new_tbc, bc);
+	goto retry;
+
+out_install:
+	hlist_add_head(&new_tbc->hash, slot);
+	if (!locked)
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+out:
+	if (!(mask & BC_ALLOC))
+		put_beancounter(bc);
+	if (new_tbc == NULL) {
+		new_tbc = &default_tgid_beancounter;
+	}
+	return new_tbc;
+}
+
+void tgid_put_beancounter(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;
+	struct beancounter *bc = tbc->bc;
+
+	if (tbc == &default_tgid_beancounter) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	put_beancounter(bc);
+	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock_irqsave(&tbc->tbc_refcount, &bc->bc_lock,
+						flags))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < BC_RESOURCES; i++)
+		if (tbc->tbc_parms[i].held != 0)
+			printk("BC: %d has %lu of %s held on put\n", tbc->tgid,
+				tbc->tbc_parms[i].held, bc_rnames[i]);
+
+	hlist_del(&tbc->hash);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bc->bc_lock, flags);
+
+	kmem_cache_free(bc_tgid_cachep, tbc);
+}
+
  void put_beancounter(struct beancounter *bc)
  {
  	int i;
@@ -110,15 +212,15 @@ void put_beancounter(struct beancounter

  	for (i = 0; i < BC_RESOURCES; i++)
  		if (bc->bc_parms[i].held != 0)
-			printk("BC: %d has %lu of %s held on put", bc->bc_id,
+			printk("BC: %d has %lu of %s held on put\n", bc->bc_id,
  				bc->bc_parms[i].held, bc_rnames[i]);

  	if (bc->unused_privvmpages != 0)
-		printk("BC: %d has %lu of unused pages held on put", bc->bc_id,
-			bc->unused_privvmpages);
+		printk("BC: %d has %lu of unused pages held on put\n",
+			bc->bc_id, bc->unused_privvmpages);
  #ifdef CONFIG_BEANCOUNTERS_RSS
  	if (bc->rss_pages != 0)
-		printk("BC: %d hash %llu of rss pages held on put", bc->bc_id,
+		printk("BC: %d hash %llu of rss pages held on put\n", bc->bc_id,
  			bc->rss_pages);
  #endif
  	hlist_del(&bc->hash);
@@ -139,12 +241,22 @@ int bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter
  		enum bc_severity strict)
  {
  	unsigned long new_held;
+	unsigned long tgid_new_held;
+	struct tgid_beancounter *tbc;
+
+	tbc = tgid_beancounter_findcreate_locked(bc, BC_LOOKUP);
+	if (!tbc) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "Missing tgid beancounter for bc %d tgid "
+			"%d\n", bc->bc_id, current->tgid);
+		return 0;
+	}

  	/*
  	 * bc_value <= BC_MAXVALUE, value <= BC_MAXVALUE, and only one addition
  	 * at the moment is possible so an overflow is impossible.
  	 */
  	new_held = bc->bc_parms[resource].held + val;
+	tgid_new_held = tbc->tbc_parms[resource].held + val;

  	switch (strict) {
  	case BC_BARRIER:
@@ -160,6 +272,7 @@ int bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter
  	case BC_FORCE:
  		bc->bc_parms[resource].held = new_held;
  		bc_adjust_maxheld(bc, resource);
+		tbc_adjust_maxheld(tbc, resource);
  		return 0;

  	default:
@@ -167,6 +280,7 @@ int bc_charge_locked(struct beancounter
  	}

  	bc->bc_parms[resource].failcnt++;
+	tbc->tbc_parms[resource].failcnt++;
  	return -ENOMEM;
  }
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_charge_locked);
@@ -189,6 +303,25 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_charge);
  /* called with bc->bc_lock held and interrupts disabled */
  void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val)
  {
+	struct tgid_beancounter *tbc;
+	unsigned long val2 = val;
+
+	tbc = tgid_beancounter_findcreate_locked(bc, BC_LOOKUP);
+	if (!tbc) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "Missing tgid beancounter for bc %d tgid "
+			"%d\n", bc->bc_id, current->tgid);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(tbc->tbc_parms[resource].held < val2)) {
+		printk("BC: overuncharging bc %d %s: val %lu, holds %lu\n",
+				tbc->tgid, bc_rnames[resource], val2,
+				tbc->tbc_parms[resource].held);
+		val2 = tbc->tbc_parms[resource].held;
+	}
+	tbc->tbc_parms[resource].held -= val;
+	tbc_adjust_minheld(tbc, resource);
+
  	if (unlikely(bc->bc_parms[resource].held < val)) {
  		printk("BC: overuncharging bc %d %s: val %lu, holds %lu\n",
  				bc->bc_id, bc_rnames[resource], val,
@@ -199,6 +332,7 @@ void bc_uncharge_locked(struct beancount
  	bc->bc_parms[resource].held -= val;
  	bc_adjust_minheld(bc, resource);
  }
+
  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_uncharge_locked);

  void bc_uncharge(struct beancounter *bc, int resource, unsigned long val)
@@ -227,12 +361,31 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bc_uncharge);

  static void init_beancounter_struct(struct beancounter *bc, bcid_t id)
  {
+	int i;
+
  	bc->bc_magic = BC_MAGIC;
  	atomic_set(&bc->bc_refcount, 1);
  	spin_lock_init(&bc->bc_lock);
  	bc->bc_id = id;
+	for (i = 0; i < BC_TGID_HASH_SIZE; i++)
+		INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&bc->tgid_hash[i]);
  }

+static void init_tgid_beancounter_struct(struct tgid_beancounter *tbc,
+						struct beancounter *bc)
+{
+	int k;
+
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&tbc->hash);
+	atomic_set(&tbc->tbc_refcount, 1);
+	tbc->bc = bc;
+	tbc->tgid = current->tgid;
+	for (k = 0; k < BC_RESOURCES; k++) {
+		tbc->tbc_parms[k].limit = BC_MAXVALUE;
+		tbc->tbc_parms[k].barrier = BC_MAXVALUE;
+		tbc->tbc_parms[k].held = 0;
+	}
+}
  static void init_beancounter_nolimits(struct beancounter *bc)
  {
  	int k;
@@ -281,7 +434,12 @@ void __init bc_init_late(void)
  			sizeof(struct beancounter), 0,
  			SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);

+	bc_tgid_cachep = kmem_cache_create("tgid_beancounters",
+			sizeof(struct tgid_beancounter), 0,
+			SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
+
  	bc = &default_beancounter;
  	init_beancounter_syslimits(bc);
  	init_beancounter_struct(bc, 0);
+	init_tgid_beancounter_struct(&default_tgid_beancounter, bc);
  }
diff -puN kernel/bc/misc.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking kernel/bc/misc.c
--- linux-2.6.18-rc5/kernel/bc/misc.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking	2006-09-08 
14:18:55.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.18-rc5-balbir/kernel/bc/misc.c	2006-09-12 02:15:07.000000000 +0530
@@ -22,10 +22,15 @@ void bc_task_charge(struct task_struct *
  	bc = old_bc->fork_bc;
  	new_bc->exec_bc = get_beancounter(bc);
  	new_bc->fork_bc = get_beancounter(bc);
+	tgid_beancounter_findcreate_unlocked(bc, BC_ALLOC);
  }

  void bc_task_uncharge(struct task_struct *tsk)
  {
+	struct tgid_beancounter *tbc;
+	tbc = tgid_beancounter_findcreate_unlocked(tsk->task_bc.exec_bc,
+							BC_LOOKUP);
  	put_beancounter(tsk->task_bc.exec_bc);
  	put_beancounter(tsk->task_bc.fork_bc);
+	tgid_put_beancounter(tbc);
  }
diff -puN kernel/fork.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking kernel/fork.c
--- linux-2.6.18-rc5/kernel/fork.c~per-tgid-resource-tracking	2006-09-11 
23:53:11.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.18-rc5-balbir/kernel/fork.c	2006-09-12 02:04:49.000000000 +0530
@@ -994,8 +994,6 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(
  	if (!p)
  		goto fork_out;

-	bc_task_charge(current, p);
-
  #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
  	DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!p->hardirqs_enabled);
  	DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!p->softirqs_enabled);
@@ -1106,6 +1104,8 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(
  	if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
  		p->tgid = current->tgid;

+	bc_task_charge(current, p);
+
  	if ((retval = security_task_alloc(p)))
  		goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy;
  	if ((retval = audit_alloc(p)))
_

-- 

	Balbir Singh,
	Linux Technology Center,
	IBM Software Labs
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