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Date: Thu, 29 Mar 2007 13:01:11 +0100
From: "Jan Beulich" <jbeulich@...ell.com>
To: "Andi Kleen" <ak@...e.de>
Cc: <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <patches@...-64.org>
Subject: [PATCH] x86: tighten kernel image page access rights (re-diff
against firstfloor tree)
On x86-64, kernel memory freed after init can be entirely unmapped instead
of just getting 'poisoned' by overwriting with a debug pattern.
On i386 and x86-64 (under CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA), kernel text and bug table
can also be write-protected.
(Not sure what the symbol 'stext' is good for; can it be removed?)
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@...ell.com>
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2007-03-29 13:35:48.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ SECTIONS
__stop___ex_table = .;
}
- RODATA
-
BUG_TABLE
. = ALIGN(4);
@@ -72,6 +70,8 @@ SECTIONS
__tracedata_end = .;
}
+ RODATA
+
/* writeable */
. = ALIGN(4096);
.data : AT(ADDR(.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) { /* Data */
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/i386/mm/init.c 2007-03-29 13:37:04.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/i386/mm/init.c 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/poison.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -751,13 +752,25 @@ static int noinline do_test_wp_bit(void)
void mark_rodata_ro(void)
{
- unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)__start_rodata;
+ unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
+ unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
- for (; addr < (unsigned long)__end_rodata; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
- change_page_attr(virt_to_page(addr), 1, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
-
- printk("Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %uk\n",
- (__end_rodata - __start_rodata) >> 10);
+#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
+ /* It must still be possible to apply SMP alternatives. */
+ if (num_possible_cpus() <= 1)
+#endif
+ {
+ change_page_attr(virt_to_page(start),
+ size >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_RX);
+ printk("Write protecting the kernel text: %luk\n", size >> 10);
+ }
+
+ start += size;
+ size = (unsigned long)__end_rodata - start;
+ change_page_attr(virt_to_page(start),
+ size >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
+ printk("Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
+ size >> 10);
/*
* change_page_attr() requires a global_flush_tlb() call after it.
@@ -781,7 +794,7 @@ void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigne
__free_page(page);
totalram_pages++;
}
- printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %ldk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
+ printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
}
void free_initmem(void)
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S 2007-03-29 13:37:04.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -280,7 +280,6 @@ early_idt_ripmsg:
.balign PAGE_SIZE
ENTRY(stext)
-ENTRY(_stext)
#define NEXT_PAGE(name) \
.balign PAGE_SIZE; \
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/x86_64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2007-03-29 13:37:03.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/x86_64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ SECTIONS
.text : AT(ADDR(.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
/* First the code that has to be first for bootstrapping */
*(.bootstrap.text)
+ _stext = .;
/* Then all the functions that are "hot" in profiles, to group them
onto the same hugetlb entry */
#include "functionlist"
@@ -50,10 +51,10 @@ SECTIONS
__ex_table : AT(ADDR(__ex_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) { *(__ex_table) }
__stop___ex_table = .;
- RODATA
-
BUG_TABLE
+ RODATA
+
. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); /* Align data segment to page size boundary */
/* Data */
.data : AT(ADDR(.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c 2007-03-29 13:37:04.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c 2007-03-29 13:48:18.000000000 +0200
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/poison.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
@@ -569,21 +570,23 @@ void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigne
if (begin >= end)
return;
- printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %ldk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
+ printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
for (addr = begin; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
struct page *page = pfn_to_page(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
ClearPageReserved(page);
init_page_count(page);
memset(page_address(page), POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
+ if (addr >= __START_KERNEL_map)
+ change_page_attr_addr(addr, 1, __pgprot(0));
__free_page(page);
totalram_pages++;
}
+ if (addr > __START_KERNEL_map)
+ global_flush_tlb();
}
void free_initmem(void)
{
- memset(__initdata_begin, POISON_FREE_INITDATA,
- __initdata_end - __initdata_begin);
free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
__pa_symbol(&__init_begin),
__pa_symbol(&__init_end));
@@ -593,14 +596,18 @@ void free_initmem(void)
void mark_rodata_ro(void)
{
- unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)__va(__pa_symbol(&__start_rodata));
- unsigned long end = (unsigned long)__va(__pa_symbol(&__end_rodata));
+ unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(__va(__pa_symbol(_stext))), size;
- for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
- change_page_attr_addr(addr, 1, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
+#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
+ /* It must still be possible to apply SMP alternatives. */
+ if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
+ start = PFN_ALIGN(__va(__pa_symbol(_etext)));
+#endif
+ size = (unsigned long)__va(__pa_symbol(__end_rodata)) - start;
+ change_page_attr_addr(start, size >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
- printk ("Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
- (__end_rodata - __start_rodata) >> 10);
+ printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
+ size >> 10);
/*
* change_page_attr_addr() requires a global_flush_tlb() call after it.
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/arch/x86_64/mm/pageattr.c 2007-03-29 13:37:04.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/arch/x86_64/mm/pageattr.c 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -179,16 +179,24 @@ __change_page_attr(unsigned long address
int change_page_attr_addr(unsigned long address, int numpages, pgprot_t prot)
{
unsigned long phys_base_pfn = __pa_symbol(__START_KERNEL_map) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
- int err = 0;
+ int err = 0, kernel_map = 0;
int i;
+ if (address >= __START_KERNEL_map
+ && address < __START_KERNEL_map + KERNEL_TEXT_SIZE) {
+ address = (unsigned long)__va(__pa(address));
+ kernel_map = 1;
+ }
+
down_write(&init_mm.mmap_sem);
for (i = 0; i < numpages; i++, address += PAGE_SIZE) {
unsigned long pfn = __pa(address) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
- err = __change_page_attr(address, pfn, prot, PAGE_KERNEL);
- if (err)
- break;
+ if (!kernel_map || pte_present(pfn_pte(0, prot))) {
+ err = __change_page_attr(address, pfn, prot, PAGE_KERNEL);
+ if (err)
+ break;
+ }
/* Handle kernel mapping too which aliases part of the
* lowmem */
if ((pfn >= phys_base_pfn) &&
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/include/asm-i386/pgtable.h 2007-03-29 13:36:07.000000000 +0200
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/include/asm-i386/pgtable.h 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ void paging_init(void);
extern unsigned long long __PAGE_KERNEL, __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_RO (__PAGE_KERNEL & ~_PAGE_RW)
+#define __PAGE_KERNEL_RX (__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC & ~_PAGE_RW)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE (__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_PCD)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE (__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_PSE)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC (__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC | _PAGE_PSE)
@@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ extern unsigned long long __PAGE_KERNEL,
#define PAGE_KERNEL __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_RO __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_RO)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC)
+#define PAGE_KERNEL_RX __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_RX)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC __pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC)
--- linux-2.6.21-rc5-ff/include/linux/poison.h 2007-02-04 19:44:54.000000000 +0100
+++ 2.6.21-rc5-ff-x86-init-page-attribs/include/linux/poison.h 2007-03-21 12:29:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
/********** arch/$ARCH/mm/init.c **********/
#define POISON_FREE_INITMEM 0xcc
-/********** arch/x86_64/mm/init.c **********/
-#define POISON_FREE_INITDATA 0xba
-
/********** arch/ia64/hp/common/sba_iommu.c **********/
/*
* arch/ia64/hp/common/sba_iommu.c uses a 16-byte poison string with a
-
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