linux-kernel - Re: Ten percent test

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Date:	Mon, 09 Apr 2007 07:38:21 +0200
From:	Mike Galbraith <efault@....de>
To:	Ed Tomlinson <edt@....ca>
Cc:	Con Kolivas <kernel@...ivas.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
	linux list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	ck list <ck@....kolivas.org>
Subject: Re: Ten percent test

On Sun, 2007-04-08 at 09:08 -0400, Ed Tomlinson wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I am one of those who have been happily testing Con's patches.  
> 
> They work better than mainline here.

(I tried a UP kernel yesterday, and even a single kernel build would
make noticeable hitches if I move a window around. YMMV etc.)

> If one really needs some sort of interactivity booster (I do not with SD), why
> not move it into user space?  With SD it would be simple enough to export
> some info on estimated latency.  With this user space could make a good
> attempt to keep latency within bounds for a set of tasks just by renicing.... 

I don't think you can have very much effect on latency using nice with
SD once the CPU is fully utilized.  See below.

/*
 * This contains a bitmap for each dynamic priority level with empty slots
 * for the valid priorities each different nice level can have. It allows
 * us to stagger the slots where differing priorities run in a way that
 * keeps latency differences between different nice levels at a minimum.
 * ie, where 0 means a slot for that priority, priority running from left to
 * right:
 * nice -20 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 * nice -10 1001000100100010001001000100010010001000
 * nice   0 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101
 * nice   5 1101011010110101101011010110101101011011
 * nice  10 0110111011011101110110111011101101110111
 * nice  15 0111110111111011111101111101111110111111
 * nice  19 1111111111111111111011111111111111111111
 */

Nice allocates bandwidth, but as long as the CPU is busy, tasks always
proceed downward in priority until they hit the expired array.  That's
the design.  If X gets busy and expires, and a nice 20 CPU hog wakes up
after it's previous rotation has ended, but before the current rotation
is ended (ie there is 1 task running at wakeup time), X will take a
guaranteed minimum 160ms latency hit (quite noticeable) independent of
nice level.  The only way to avoid it is to use a realtime class.

A nice -20 task has maximum bandwidth allocated, but that also makes it
a bigger target for preemption from tasks at all nice levels as it
proceeds downward toward expiration.  AFAIKT, low latency scheduling
just isn't possible once the CPU becomes 100% utilized, but it is
bounded to runqueue length.  In mainline OTOH, a nice -20 task will
always preempt a nice 0 task, giving it instant gratification, and
latency of lower priority tasks is bounded by the EXPIRED_STARVING(rq)
safety net.

	-Mike

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