Show a process's page-by-page address space infomation in /proc/<pid>/pmaps.
It helps to analyze applications' memory footprints in a comprehensive way.

Pages share the same states are grouped into a page range.
For each page range, the following fields are exported:
	- first page index
	- number of pages in the range
	- well known page/pte flags
	- number of mmap users

Only page flags not expected to disappear in the near future are exported:

	Y:young R:referenced A:active U:uptodate P:ptedirty D:dirty W:writeback

Here is a sample output:

# cat /proc/$$/pmaps
08048000-080c9000 r-xp 08048000 00:00 0
8048    81      Y_A_P__ 1
080c9000-080f8000 rwxp 080c9000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
80c9    2f      Y_A_P__ 1
f7e1c000-f7e25000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 176633                             /lib/libnss_files-2.3.6.so
0       1       Y_AU___ 1
1       1       YR_U___ 1
5       1       YR_U___ 1
8       1       YR_U___ 1
f7e25000-f7e27000 rwxp 00008000 03:00 176633                             /lib/libnss_files-2.3.6.so
8       2       Y_A_P__ 1
f7e27000-f7e2f000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 176635                             /lib/libnss_nis-2.3.6.so
0       1       Y_AU___ 1
1       1       YR_U___ 1
4       1       YR_U___ 1
7       1       Y_AU___ 1
f7e2f000-f7e31000 rwxp 00007000 03:00 176635                             /lib/libnss_nis-2.3.6.so
7       2       Y_A_P__ 1
f7e31000-f7e43000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 176630                             /lib/libnsl-2.3.6.so
0       1       Y_AU___ 1
1       3       YR_U___ 1
10      1       YR_U___ 1
f7e43000-f7e45000 rwxp 00011000 03:00 176630                             /lib/libnsl-2.3.6.so
11      2       Y_A_P__ 1
f7e45000-f7e47000 rwxp f7e45000 00:00 0
f7e47000-f7e4f000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 176631                             /lib/libnss_compat-2.3.6.so
0       1       Y_AU___ 1
1       3       YR_U___ 1
7       1       Y_AU___ 1
f7e4f000-f7e51000 rwxp 00007000 03:00 176631                             /lib/libnss_compat-2.3.6.so
7       2       Y_A_P__ 1
f7e51000-f7f79000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 176359                             /lib/libc-2.3.6.so
0       16      YRAU___ 2
19      1       YR_U___ 1
1f      1       YRAU___ 2
21      1       YRAU___ 1
22      2       YRAU___ 2
24      1       YRAU___ 1
26      1       YRAU___ 2
[...]


Matt Mackall's pagemap/kpagemap and John Berthels's exmap can achieve the same goals,
and probably more. But this text based pmaps interface should be more easy to use.

The concern of dataset size is taken care of by working in a sparse way:

1) It will only generate output for resident pages, that normally is
much smaller than the mapped size. Take my shell for example, the
(size:rss) ratio is (7:1)!

wfg ~% cat /proc/$$/smaps |grep Size|sum
sum      50552.000
avg        777.723

wfg ~% cat /proc/$$/smaps |grep Rss|sum
sum       7604.000
avg        116.985

2) The page range trick suppresses more output.

It's interesting to see that the seq_file interface demands some
more programming efforts, and provides such flexibility as well.

Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: John Berthels <jjberthels@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@mail.ustc.edu.cn>
---
 fs/proc/base.c     |    7 +
 fs/proc/internal.h |    1 
 fs/proc/task_mmu.c |  171 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 179 insertions(+)

--- linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2.orig/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
@@ -754,3 +754,174 @@ const struct file_operations proc_numa_m
 	.release	= seq_release_private,
 };
 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
+
+struct pmaps_private {
+	struct proc_maps_private pmp;
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
+	struct seq_file *m;
+	/* page range attrs */
+	unsigned long offset;
+	unsigned long len;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int mapcount;
+};
+
+#define PMAPS_BUF_SIZE   (64<<10)  /* 64K */
+#define PMAPS_BATCH_SIZE (16<<20)  /* 16M */
+
+#define PG_YOUNG	PG_readahead	/* reuse any non-relevant flag */
+#define PG_DIRTY	PG_lru		/* ditto */
+
+static unsigned long page_mask;
+
+static struct {
+	unsigned long	mask;
+	const char     *name;
+	bool		faked;
+} page_flags [] = {
+	{1 << PG_YOUNG,		"Y:pteyoung",	1},
+	{1 << PG_referenced,	"R:referenced",	0},
+	{1 << PG_active,	"A:active",	0},
+
+	{1 << PG_uptodate,	"U:uptodate",	0},
+	{1 << PG_DIRTY,		"P:ptedirty",	1},
+	{1 << PG_dirty,		"D:dirty",	0},
+	{1 << PG_writeback,	"W:writeback",	0},
+};
+
+static unsigned long pte_page_flags(pte_t ptent, struct page* page)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	flags = page->flags & page_mask;
+
+	if (pte_young(ptent))
+		flags |= (1 << PG_YOUNG);
+
+	if (pte_dirty(ptent))
+		flags |= (1 << PG_DIRTY);
+
+	return flags;
+}
+
+static int pmaps_show_range(struct pmaps_private *pp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!pp->len)
+		return 0;
+
+	seq_printf(pp->m, "%lx\t%lx\t", pp->offset, pp->len);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++)
+		seq_putc(pp->m, (pp->flags & page_flags[i].mask) ?
+					     page_flags[i].name[0] : '_');
+
+	return seq_printf(pp->m, "\t%x\n", pp->mapcount);
+}
+
+static int pmaps_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+			    void *private)
+{
+	struct pmaps_private *pp = private;
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = pp->vma;
+	pte_t *pte, *apte, ptent;
+	spinlock_t *ptl;
+	struct page *page;
+	unsigned long offset;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int mapcount;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	apte = pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
+	for (; addr != end; pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
+		ptent = *pte;
+		if (!pte_present(ptent))
+			continue;
+
+		page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent);
+		if (!page)
+			continue;
+
+		/* test page similarity, then grow the range or show it */
+		offset = page_index(page);
+		mapcount = page_mapcount(page);
+		flags = pte_page_flags(ptent, page);
+		if (offset == pp->offset + pp->len &&
+				mapcount == pp->mapcount &&
+				flags == pp->flags) {
+			pp->len++;
+		} else {
+			ret = pmaps_show_range(pp);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			pp->offset = offset;
+			pp->len = 1;
+			pp->mapcount = mapcount;
+			pp->flags = flags;
+		}
+	}
+	pte_unmap_unlock(apte, ptl);
+	cond_resched();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct mm_walk pmaps_walk = { .pmd_entry = pmaps_pte_range };
+static int show_pmaps(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = v;
+	struct pmaps_private *pp = m->private;
+	unsigned long addr = m->version;
+	unsigned long end;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (addr == vma->vm_start) {
+		ret = show_map(m, vma);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	end = vma->vm_end;
+	if (end - addr > PMAPS_BATCH_SIZE)
+	    end = addr + PMAPS_BATCH_SIZE;
+
+	pp->m = m;
+	pp->vma = vma;
+	pp->len = 0;
+	walk_page_range(vma->vm_mm, addr, end, &pmaps_walk, pp);
+	pmaps_show_range(pp);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct seq_operations proc_pid_pmaps_op = {
+	.start	= m_start,
+	.next	= m_next,
+	.stop	= m_stop,
+	.show	= show_pmaps
+};
+
+static int pmaps_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return generic_maps_open(inode, file, &proc_pid_pmaps_op,
+				PMAPS_BATCH_SIZE, PMAPS_BUF_SIZE,
+				sizeof(struct pmaps_private));
+}
+
+const struct file_operations proc_pmaps_operations = {
+	.open		= pmaps_open,
+	.read		= seq_read,
+	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
+	.release	= seq_release_private,
+};
+
+static __init int task_mmu_init(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (page_mask = 0, i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++)
+		if (!page_flags[i].faked)
+			page_mask |= page_flags[i].mask;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pure_initcall(task_mmu_init);
--- linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2.orig/fs/proc/base.c
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2/fs/proc/base.c
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
  *
  *  Paul Mundt <paul.mundt@nokia.com>:
  *  Overall revision about smaps.
+ *
+ *  ChangeLog:
+ *  15-Aug-2007
+ *  Fengguang Wu <wfg@mail.ustc.edu.cn>:
+ *  Page granularity mapping info in pmaps.
  */
 
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
@@ -2044,6 +2049,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tgid_base_
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
 	REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, clear_refs),
 	REG("smaps",      S_IRUGO, smaps),
+	REG("pmaps",      S_IRUSR, pmaps),
 	REG("pagemap",    S_IRUSR, pagemap),
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -2336,6 +2342,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tid_base_s
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
 	REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, clear_refs),
 	REG("smaps",     S_IRUGO, smaps),
+	REG("pmaps",     S_IRUSR, pmaps),
 	REG("pagemap",    S_IRUSR, pagemap),
 #endif
 #endif
--- linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2.orig/fs/proc/internal.h
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc2-mm2/fs/proc/internal.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ extern loff_t mem_lseek(struct file * fi
 extern const struct file_operations proc_maps_operations;
 extern const struct file_operations proc_numa_maps_operations;
 extern const struct file_operations proc_smaps_operations;
+extern const struct file_operations proc_pmaps_operations;
 extern const struct file_operations proc_clear_refs_operations;
 extern const struct file_operations proc_pagemap_operations;
 

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