Message-ID: <20070928175756.GA16066@Krystal>
Date:	Fri, 28 Sep 2007 13:57:56 -0400
From:	Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...ymtl.ca>
To:	Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@...oo.com.au>
Cc:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Fengguang Wu <wfg@...l.ustc.edu.cn>,
	hirofumi@...l.parknet.co.jp, galak@...nel.crashing.org,
	zaitcev@...hat.com, greg@...ah.com,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, mbligh@...gle.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH] writeback: remove unnecessary wait in throttle_vm_writeout()

* Nick Piggin (nickpiggin@...oo.com.au) wrote:
> On Saturday 29 September 2007 02:23, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> > * Ingo Molnar (mingo@...e.hu) wrote:
> > > * Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org> wrote:
> > > > This is a pretty major bugfix.
> > > >
> > > > GFP_NOIO and GFP_NOFS callers should have been spending really large
> > > > amounts of time stuck in that sleep.
> > > >
> > > > I wonder why nobody noticed this happening.  Either a) it turns out
> > > > that kswapd is doing a good job and such callers don't do direct
> > > > reclaim much or b) nobody is doing any in-depth kernel
> > > > instrumentation.
> > >
> > > [ Oh, it's Friday already, so soapbox time i guess. The easily offended
> > >   please skip this mail ;-) ]
> > >
> > > People _have_ noticed, and we often ignored them. I can see four
> > > fundamental, structural problems:
> > >
> > > 1) A certain lack of competitive pressure. An MM is too complex and
> > >    there is no "better Linux MM" to compare against objectively. The
> > >    BSDs are way too different and it's easy to dismiss even objective
> > >    comparisons due to the real complexity of the differences. Heck,
> > >    2.6.9 is "way too different" and we routinely reject bugreports from
> > >    such old kernels and lose vital feedback.
> > >
> > > 2) There is a wide-spread mentality of "you prove that there is a
> > >    problem" in the MM and elsewhere in the Linux kernel too. While of
> > >    course objective proof is paramount, we often "hide" behind our
> > >    self-created complexity of the system (without malice and without
> > >    realising it!). We've seen that happen in the updatedb discussions
> > >    and the swap-prefetch discussions. The correct approach would be for
> > >    the MM folks to be able to tell for just about any workload "this is
> > >    not our problem", and to have the benefit of the doubt _on the
> > >    tester's side_. We must not ignore people who tell us that "there is
> > >    something wrong going on here", just because they are unable to
> > >    analyze it themselves. Very often where we end up saying "we dont
> > >    know what's going on here" it's likely _our_ fault. We also must not
> > >    hide behind "please do these 10 easy steps and 2 kernel recompiles
> > >    and 10 reboots, only takes half a day, and come back to us once you
> > >    have the detailed debug data" requests. Instrumentation must be _on
> > >    by default_ (like SCHED_DEBUG is on by default), which brings us to:
> > >
> > > 3) Instrumentation and tools. Instrumentation (for example MM delay
> > >    statistics - like the scheduler delay statistics) give an objective
> > >    measure to compare kernels against each other. _Smart_ and _easy to
> > >    use_ and _default enabled_ instrumentation is a must. Not "turn on
> > >    these 3 zillion kernel options" which no distro enables. Debug
> > >    tools/scripts that use the instrumentation, that just have to be run
> > >    and produce meaningful output based on which 90% of the workloads can
> > >    be analyzed _without having to ask the user to do more_. (See
> > >    PowerTop as an example, the right kind of instrumentation can do
> > >    wonders that enables users to help us. We worked hard to lower the
> > >    cost of /proc/timer_stats so that distros can enable it by default -
> > >    and now they do enable it by default.)
> > >
> > > 4) The use of heuristics and the resulting inevitable nondeterminism in
> > >    the MM. I guess i'm biased about this, doing -rt and CFS, but we've
> > >    seen that happen with the scheduler: users _love_ determinism. (Users
> > >    dont typically care whether a click on the desktop takes 0.5 seconds
> > >    or 1.0 second - as long as it's always 0.5 or always 1.0. What they
> > >    do notice is when a click takes 0.5 seconds most of the time but
> > >    occasionally it takes 1.5 seconds - _that_ they report as a
> > >    regression. They would actually prefer it to take 1.0 seconds all the
> > >    time. The reason is human psychology: 99% of our daily routine is
> > >    driven by inconscious brain automatisms. We auto-pilot through most
> > >    of the day - and that very much covers routine computer/desktop usage
> > >    too. Unpredictable/noisy behavior of the computer forces the human
> > >    brain back into more consious activity, which is perceived as a
> > >    negative thing: it's a distraction takes capacity away from
> > >    _important_ conscious activities ... such as getting real work done
> > >    on the computer.)
> > >
> > >    Heuristics is also an objective problem for the code itself: it
> > >    introduces artificial coupling of workloads and raises complexity
> > >    artificially: it makes it very hard to prove the impact of changes
> > >    (even with good instrumentation) - thus increasing the barrier of
> > >    entry significantly. (both to external contributors and to existing
> > >    maintainers)
> > >
> > > all in one: the barrier of entry to _providing meaningful feedback_ is
> > > often very high, and thus the barrier of entry of experimental patches
> > > is too high too. These two factors are a lethal combination that lure us
> > > into the false perception that everything is fine and that the yelling
> > > out there is just from clueless whiners who are not willing to help us
> > >
> > > :-/
> > >
> > > Yes, MM testing is hard (in fact, good MM instrumentation and tooling is
> > > _very_ hard), and the MM is in a pretty good shape (otherwise an
> > > alternative would have shown up already), and today's MM is clearly the
> > > best ever Linux MM - but still we have to solve these structural
> > > problems if we want to advance to the next level of quality.
> > >
> > > The solution? I think it's not that hard: we should lower the acceptance
> > > barrier of instrumentation patches massively. (maybe even merge them
> > > outside the normal merge window, like we merge cleanups) Then we should
> > > only allow high-rate changes in risky kernel subsystems that improve
> > > their own instrumentation and tools sufficiently for ordinary users to
> > > be able to tell whether the changes are an improvement or not. Every
> > > time there's a major regression that was hard to debug via the existing
> > > instrumentation, mandate the extension of instrumentation to cover that
> > > case too.
> > >
> > > This all couples the desire of developers to add new code with the
> > > desire of testers to provide feedback and with the desire of actual
> > > users to have a proven good system.
> >
> > I totally agree with Ingo here. Having a basic instrumentation that is
> > enabled by default will help to identify code paths causing unexpected
> > delays in the kernel. It will not only identify kernel bugs, but also
> > unexpected behaviors that would be qualified as "quiet bugs" (e.g. long
> > delays).
> 
> It is. See: CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS and all the other vm specific
> crap littered in /proc/ (buddyinfo, zoneinfo, meminfo, etc).
> 
> There is always an issue of sometimes not instrumenting enough basic
> things... but we fundamentally have always tried to do improve this.
> 
> vm is one of the most instrumented subsystems in the kernel. By default.
> 
> 
> > The key aspect that seems to be inherent to this proposal is the need
> > for an extensible instrumentation mechanism that would allow developers
> > to add new instrumentation when it is needed (such as the Linux Kernel
> > Markers on which I have been working for the last year). It will enable
> > them, and testers, to test and benchmark kernel subsystems to detect
> > regressions as well as erratic behaviors.
> 
> We have several for the VM.
> 

Isn't the actual instrumentation present in the VM subsystem consisting
mostly of event counters ? This kind of profiling provides limited help in
following specific delays in the kernel. Martin Bligh's paper "Linux
Kernel Debugging on Google-sized clusters", presented at OLS2007,
discusses instrumentation that had to be added to the VM subsystem in
order to find a race condition in the OOM killer by gathering a trace of
the problematic behavior. Gathering a full trace (timestamps and events)
seems to be better suited to this kind of timing-related problem.

Mathieu

-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
Computer Engineering Ph.D. Student, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
OpenPGP key fingerprint: 8CD5 52C3 8E3C 4140 715F  BA06 3F25 A8FE 3BAE 9A68
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