Date:	Tue, 27 May 2008 15:08:56 -0500
From:	Jason Yeh <jason.yeh@....com>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [RFC][Patch 1/1] Oprofile Multiplexing

hi,

This patch adds multiplexing functionality to Oprofile driver and also
the AMD arch specific handler. Basically, the mechanism schedules delayed
work and swaps the contents of event counter and event control in arch
specific handler when the scheduled work is executed.

Please let me know if you have any comment or question. Thanks.

Signed-off-by: Jason Yeh <jason.yeh@....com>

---

  arch/x86/oprofile/nmi_int.c         |   22 ++++++
  arch/x86/oprofile/op_counter.h      |    3
  arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_athlon.c |  125 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
  arch/x86/oprofile/op_x86_model.h    |    2
  drivers/oprofile/oprof.c            |   48 +++++++++++++
  drivers/oprofile/oprof.h            |    4 -
  drivers/oprofile/oprofile_files.c   |   35 +++++++++-
  include/linux/oprofile.h            |    3
  8 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)


diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/nmi_int.c b/arch/x86/oprofile/nmi_int.c
index cc48d3f..4995aff 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/nmi_int.c
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/nmi_int.c
@@ -80,6 +80,24 @@ static void exit_sysfs(void)
  #define exit_sysfs() do { } while (0)
  #endif /* CONFIG_PM */

+static void nmi_cpu_switch(void *dummy)
+{
+	struct op_msrs *msrs = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_msrs);
+	model->switch_ctrs(msrs);
+}
+
+static int nmi_switch_event(void)
+{
+	/* Check CPU 0 should be sufficient */
+	struct op_msrs const *msrs = &per_cpu(cpu_msrs, 0);
+
+	if (model->check_multiplexing(msrs) < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_switch, NULL, 0, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
  static int profile_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
  				     unsigned long val, void *data)
  {
@@ -326,6 +344,7 @@ static int nmi_create_files(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *root)
  		oprofilefs_create_ulong(sb, dir, "unit_mask", &counter_config[i].unit_mask);
  		oprofilefs_create_ulong(sb, dir, "kernel", &counter_config[i].kernel);
  		oprofilefs_create_ulong(sb, dir, "user", &counter_config[i].user);
+		counter_config[i].save_count_low = 0;
  	}

  	return 0;
@@ -419,7 +438,7 @@ int __init op_nmi_init(struct oprofile_operations *ops)
  			break;
  		case 0x10:
  			model = &op_athlon_spec;
-			cpu_type = "x86-64/family10";
+			cpu_type = "x86-64/family10h";
  			break;
  		}
  		break;
@@ -455,6 +474,7 @@ int __init op_nmi_init(struct oprofile_operations *ops)
  	ops->start = nmi_start;
  	ops->stop = nmi_stop;
  	ops->cpu_type = cpu_type;
+	ops->switch_events = nmi_switch_event;
  	printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: using NMI interrupt.\n");
  	return 0;
  }
diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_counter.h b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_counter.h
index 2880b15..786d6e0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_counter.h
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_counter.h
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@
  #ifndef OP_COUNTER_H
  #define OP_COUNTER_H

-#define OP_MAX_COUNTER 8
+#define OP_MAX_COUNTER 32

  /* Per-perfctr configuration as set via
   * oprofilefs.
   */
  struct op_counter_config {
          unsigned long count;
+		unsigned long save_count_low;
          unsigned long enabled;
          unsigned long event;
          unsigned long kernel;
diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_athlon.c b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_athlon.c
index 3d53487..2684683 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_athlon.c
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_athlon.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
   */

  #include <linux/oprofile.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
  #include <asm/ptrace.h>
  #include <asm/msr.h>
  #include <asm/nmi.h>
@@ -18,8 +19,10 @@
  #include "op_x86_model.h"
  #include "op_counter.h"

-#define NUM_COUNTERS 4
-#define NUM_CONTROLS 4
+#define NUM_COUNTERS 32
+#define NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS 4
+#define NUM_CONTROLS 32
+#define NUM_HARDWARE_CONTROLS 4

  #define CTR_IS_RESERVED(msrs, c) (msrs->counters[(c)].addr ? 1 : 0)
  #define CTR_READ(l, h, msrs, c) do {rdmsr(msrs->counters[(c)].addr, (l), (h)); } while (0)
@@ -43,21 +46,24 @@
  #define CTRL_SET_GUEST_ONLY(val, h) (val |= ((h & 1) << 8))

  static unsigned long reset_value[NUM_COUNTERS];
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, switch_index);

  static void athlon_fill_in_addresses(struct op_msrs * const msrs)
  {
  	int i;

  	for (i = 0; i < NUM_COUNTERS; i++) {
-		if (reserve_perfctr_nmi(MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + i))
-			msrs->counters[i].addr = MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + i;
+		int hw_counter = i % NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS;
+ 		if (reserve_perfctr_nmi(MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + hw_counter))
+ 			msrs->counters[i].addr = MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + hw_counter;
  		else
  			msrs->counters[i].addr = 0;
  	}

  	for (i = 0; i < NUM_CONTROLS; i++) {
-		if (reserve_evntsel_nmi(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + i))
-			msrs->controls[i].addr = MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + i;
+		int hw_control = i % NUM_HARDWARE_CONTROLS;
+		if (reserve_evntsel_nmi(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + hw_control))
+			msrs->controls[i].addr = MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + hw_control;
  		else
  			msrs->controls[i].addr = 0;
  	}
@@ -69,8 +75,15 @@ static void athlon_setup_ctrs(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  	unsigned int low, high;
  	int i;

+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_COUNTERS; ++i) {
+		if (counter_config[i].enabled)
+			reset_value[i] = counter_config[i].count;
+		else
+			reset_value[i] = 0;
+	}
+
  	/* clear all counters */
-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_CONTROLS; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_CONTROLS; ++i) {
  		if (unlikely(!CTRL_IS_RESERVED(msrs, i)))
  			continue;
  		CTRL_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
@@ -80,14 +93,14 @@ static void athlon_setup_ctrs(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  	}

  	/* avoid a false detection of ctr overflows in NMI handler */
-	for (i = 0; i < NUM_COUNTERS; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS; ++i) {
  		if (unlikely(!CTR_IS_RESERVED(msrs, i)))
  			continue;
  		CTR_WRITE(1, msrs, i);
  	}

  	/* enable active counters */
-	for (i = 0; i < NUM_COUNTERS; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS; ++i) {
  		if ((counter_config[i].enabled) && (CTR_IS_RESERVED(msrs, i))) {
  			reset_value[i] = counter_config[i].count;

@@ -106,26 +119,41 @@ static void athlon_setup_ctrs(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  			CTRL_SET_GUEST_ONLY(high, 0);

  			CTRL_WRITE(low, high, msrs, i);
-		} else {
-			reset_value[i] = 0;
  		}
  	}
  }


+/*
+ * Quick check to see if multiplexing is necessary.
+ * The check should be efficient since counters are used
+ * in ordre.
+ */
+static int athlon_check_multiplexing(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!counter_config[NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS].count)
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+	
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
  static int athlon_check_ctrs(struct pt_regs * const regs,
  			     struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  {
  	unsigned int low, high;
  	int i;

-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_COUNTERS; ++i) {
-		if (!reset_value[i])
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
+		int offset = i + __get_cpu_var(switch_index);
+		if (!reset_value[offset])
  			continue;
  		CTR_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
  		if (CTR_OVERFLOWED(low)) {
-			oprofile_add_sample(regs, i);
-			CTR_WRITE(reset_value[i], msrs, i);
+			oprofile_add_sample(regs, offset);
+			CTR_WRITE(reset_value[offset], msrs, i);
  		}
  	}

@@ -138,13 +166,14 @@ static void athlon_start(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  {
  	unsigned int low, high;
  	int i;
-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
  		if (reset_value[i]) {
  			CTRL_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
  			CTRL_SET_ACTIVE(low);
  			CTRL_WRITE(low, high, msrs, i);
  		}
  	}
+	__get_cpu_var(switch_index) = 0;
  }


@@ -155,8 +184,8 @@ static void athlon_stop(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)

  	/* Subtle: stop on all counters to avoid race with
  	 * setting our pm callback */
-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
-		if (!reset_value[i])
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
+		if (!reset_value[i + per_cpu(switch_index, smp_processor_id())])
  			continue;
  		CTRL_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
  		CTRL_SET_INACTIVE(low);
@@ -164,15 +193,67 @@ static void athlon_stop(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  	}
  }

+
+static void athlon_switch_ctrs(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
+{
+	unsigned int low, high;
+	int i, s = per_cpu(switch_index, smp_processor_id());
+
+	athlon_stop(msrs);
+
+	/* save the current hw counts */
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS; ++i) {
+		int offset = i + s;
+		if (!reset_value[offset])
+			continue;
+		CTR_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
+		/* convert counter value to actual count, assume high = -1 */
+		counter_config[offset].save_count_low = (unsigned int)-1 - low - 1;
+	}
+
+
+	/* move to next eventset */
+	s += NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS;
+	if ((s > NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS) || (counter_config[s].count == 0)) {
+		per_cpu(switch_index, smp_processor_id()) = 0;
+		s = 0;
+	} else
+		per_cpu(switch_index, smp_processor_id()) = s;
+
+	/* enable next active counters */
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS; ++i) {
+		int offset = i + s;
+		if ((counter_config[offset].enabled) && (CTR_IS_RESERVED(msrs,i))) {
+			if (unlikely(!counter_config[offset].save_count_low))
+				counter_config[offset].save_count_low = counter_config[offset].count;
+			CTR_WRITE(counter_config[offset].save_count_low, msrs, i);
+			CTRL_READ(low, high, msrs, i);
+			CTRL_CLEAR_LO(low);
+			CTRL_CLEAR_HI(high);
+			CTRL_SET_ENABLE(low);
+			CTRL_SET_USR(low, counter_config[offset].user);
+			CTRL_SET_KERN(low, counter_config[offset].kernel);
+			CTRL_SET_UM(low, counter_config[offset].unit_mask);
+			CTRL_SET_EVENT_LOW(low, counter_config[offset].event);
+			CTRL_SET_EVENT_HIGH(high, counter_config[offset].event);
+			CTRL_SET_HOST_ONLY(high, 0);
+			CTRL_SET_GUEST_ONLY(high, 0);
+			CTRL_SET_ACTIVE(low);
+			CTRL_WRITE(low, high, msrs, i);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
  static void athlon_shutdown(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
  {
  	int i;

-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
  		if (CTR_IS_RESERVED(msrs, i))
  			release_perfctr_nmi(MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + i);
  	}
-	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_CONTROLS ; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0 ; i < NUM_HARDWARE_COUNTERS ; ++i) {
  		if (CTRL_IS_RESERVED(msrs, i))
  			release_evntsel_nmi(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + i);
  	}
@@ -186,5 +267,7 @@ struct op_x86_model_spec const op_athlon_spec = {
  	.check_ctrs = &athlon_check_ctrs,
  	.start = &athlon_start,
  	.stop = &athlon_stop,
-	.shutdown = &athlon_shutdown
+	.shutdown = &athlon_shutdown,
+	.switch_ctrs = &athlon_switch_ctrs,
+	.check_multiplexing = &athlon_check_multiplexing
  };
diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_x86_model.h b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_x86_model.h
index 45b605f..45003c2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_x86_model.h
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_x86_model.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ struct op_x86_model_spec {
  	void (*start)(struct op_msrs const * const msrs);
  	void (*stop)(struct op_msrs const * const msrs);
  	void (*shutdown)(struct op_msrs const * const msrs);
+	void (*switch_ctrs)(struct op_msrs const * const msrs);
+	int (*check_multiplexing)(struct op_msrs const * const msrs);
  };

  extern struct op_x86_model_spec const op_ppro_spec;
diff --git a/drivers/oprofile/oprof.c b/drivers/oprofile/oprof.c
index 2c64517..ca5bd7b 100644
--- a/drivers/oprofile/oprof.c
+++ b/drivers/oprofile/oprof.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  #include <linux/init.h>
  #include <linux/oprofile.h>
  #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
  #include <asm/mutex.h>

  #include "oprof.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,9 @@ struct oprofile_operations oprofile_ops;

  unsigned long oprofile_started;
  unsigned long backtrace_depth;
+/* Multiplexing defaults at 5000 useconds */
+unsigned long time_slice = 5 * USEC_PER_SEC	;
+struct delayed_work switch_work;
  static unsigned long is_setup;
  static DEFINE_MUTEX(start_mutex);

@@ -87,6 +91,16 @@ out:
  	return err;
  }

+static void start_switch_worker(void)
+{
+	schedule_delayed_work(&switch_work, usecs_to_jiffies(time_slice));
+}
+
+static void switch_worker(unsigned long ptr)
+{
+	if (!oprofile_ops.switch_events())
+		start_switch_worker();
+}

  /* Actually start profiling (echo 1>/dev/oprofile/enable) */
  int oprofile_start(void)
@@ -94,7 +108,6 @@ int oprofile_start(void)
  	int err = -EINVAL;

  	mutex_lock(&start_mutex);
-
  	if (!is_setup)
  		goto out;

@@ -108,6 +121,9 @@ int oprofile_start(void)
  	if ((err = oprofile_ops.start()))
  		goto out;

+	if (oprofile_ops.switch_events)
+		start_switch_worker();
+
  	oprofile_started = 1;
  out:
  	mutex_unlock(&start_mutex);
@@ -123,6 +139,7 @@ void oprofile_stop(void)
  		goto out;
  	oprofile_ops.stop();
  	oprofile_started = 0;
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&switch_work);
  	/* wake up the daemon to read what remains */
  	wake_up_buffer_waiter();
  out:
@@ -155,6 +172,29 @@ post_sync:
  	mutex_unlock(&start_mutex);
  }

+int oprofile_set_time_slice(unsigned long val)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&start_mutex);
+
+	if (oprofile_started) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!oprofile_ops.switch_events) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	time_slice = val;
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&start_mutex);
+	return err;
+
+}

  int oprofile_set_backtrace(unsigned long val)
  {
@@ -179,10 +219,16 @@ out:
  	return err;
  }

+static void __init oprofile_switch_timer_init(void)
+{
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&switch_work, switch_worker);
+}
+
  static int __init oprofile_init(void)
  {
  	int err;

+	oprofile_switch_timer_init();
  	err = oprofile_arch_init(&oprofile_ops);

  	if (err < 0 || timer) {
diff --git a/drivers/oprofile/oprof.h b/drivers/oprofile/oprof.h
index 1832365..fc3a2bd 100644
--- a/drivers/oprofile/oprof.h
+++ b/drivers/oprofile/oprof.h
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ extern unsigned long fs_buffer_watershed;
  extern struct oprofile_operations oprofile_ops;
  extern unsigned long oprofile_started;
  extern unsigned long backtrace_depth;
-
+extern unsigned long time_slice;
+
  struct super_block;
  struct dentry;

@@ -35,5 +36,6 @@ void oprofile_create_files(struct super_block * sb, struct dentry * root);
  void oprofile_timer_init(struct oprofile_operations * ops);

  int oprofile_set_backtrace(unsigned long depth);
+int oprofile_set_time_slice(unsigned long time);

  #endif /* OPROF_H */
diff --git a/drivers/oprofile/oprofile_files.c b/drivers/oprofile/oprofile_files.c
index ef953ba..25c78dd 100644
--- a/drivers/oprofile/oprofile_files.c
+++ b/drivers/oprofile/oprofile_files.c
@@ -18,6 +18,37 @@ unsigned long fs_buffer_size = 131072;
  unsigned long fs_cpu_buffer_size = 8192;
  unsigned long fs_buffer_watershed = 32768; /* FIXME: tune */

+static ssize_t time_slice_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
+{
+	return oprofilefs_ulong_to_user(time_slice, buf, count, offset);
+}
+
+
+static ssize_t time_slice_write(struct file * file, char const __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
+{
+	unsigned long val;
+	int retval;
+
+	if (*offset)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	retval = oprofilefs_ulong_from_user(&val, buf, count);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+
+	retval = oprofile_set_time_slice(val);
+
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+	return count;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations time_slice_fops = {
+	.read		= time_slice_read,
+	.write		= time_slice_write
+};
+
+
  static ssize_t depth_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
  {
  	return oprofilefs_ulong_to_user(backtrace_depth, buf, count, offset);
@@ -85,11 +116,10 @@ static ssize_t enable_write(struct file * file, char const __user * buf, size_t

  	if (*offset)
  		return -EINVAL;
-
  	retval = oprofilefs_ulong_from_user(&val, buf, count);
  	if (retval)
  		return retval;
-
+
  	if (val)
  		retval = oprofile_start();
  	else
@@ -129,6 +159,7 @@ void oprofile_create_files(struct super_block * sb, struct dentry * root)
  	oprofilefs_create_file(sb, root, "cpu_type", &cpu_type_fops);
  	oprofilefs_create_file(sb, root, "backtrace_depth", &depth_fops);
  	oprofilefs_create_file(sb, root, "pointer_size", &pointer_size_fops);
+	oprofilefs_create_file(sb, root, "time_slice", &time_slice_fops);
  	oprofile_create_stats_files(sb, root);
  	if (oprofile_ops.create_files)
  		oprofile_ops.create_files(sb, root);
diff --git a/include/linux/oprofile.h b/include/linux/oprofile.h
index 041bb31..6c764cb 100644
--- a/include/linux/oprofile.h
+++ b/include/linux/oprofile.h
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ struct oprofile_operations {

  	/* Initiate a stack backtrace. Optional. */
  	void (*backtrace)(struct pt_regs * const regs, unsigned int depth);
+
+	/* Multiplex between different events. Optioinal. */
+	int (*switch_events)(void);
  	/* CPU identification string. */
  	char * cpu_type;
  };

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