Date:	Fri, 22 Aug 2008 18:17:28 +0200
From:	"Niels de Vos" <niels.devos@...cor-nixdorf.com>
To:	linux-input@...r.kernel.org, "Jiri Kosina" <jkosina@...e.cz>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [RFC][PATCH] POSKeyboard driver for exclusive keyboard access

This new driver makes it possible for middleware like JavaPOS to use
a POSKeyboard (connected to PS/2) with exclusive access. This is
required by the UnifiedPOS Specification which is available from
http://www.nrf-arts.org/UnifiedPOS. Any middleware using this driver
should implement the full exception-handling in user-space. Therefor
it is possible to use specific POS-extensions of POSKeyboards, without
abusing other keyboard-drivers.

Opening /dev/poskeyboard will route all scancodes to this device. The
scancodes will not be processes by the input-subsystem anymore. Reading
/dev/poskeyboard results in receiving the scancodes as raw data for
further processing by the reader. Sending commands to the hardware can
be done by writing to /dev/poskeyboard.

If the driver is loaded and /dev/poskeyboard is not opened, all
scancodes are given to the input-subsystem. This allows 'normal' use of
the keyboard.

Making the driver active involves some commands like the following:
   echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/atkbd/unbind
   echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/poskbd/bind

Open questions:
- How to achieve the same with USB-HID complaint keyboards?
- Does serio_unregister_port() a kfree() on the port?

CC: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>
Signed-off-by: Niels de Vos <niels.devos@...cor-nixdorf.com>

---
 drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig  |   12 +
 drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile |    1 +
 drivers/input/keyboard/poskbd.c |  445 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 458 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig b/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
index efd70a9..0ed311f 100644
--- a/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig
@@ -323,4 +323,16 @@ config KEYBOARD_SH_KEYSC

 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
 	  module will be called sh_keysc.
+
+config KEYBOARD_POSKBD
+	tristate "UnifiedPOS complaint POS Keyboard access"
+	default n
+	select SERIO
+	help
+	  Say Y here if you need a driver which allows exclusive-use
+	  to keyboard devices. This is required by the UnifiedPOS
+	  Specification for the POS Keyboard device.
+
+	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
+	  module will be called poskbd.
 endif
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile b/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
index 0edc8f2..aa4ad17 100644
--- a/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile
@@ -27,3 +27,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_HP7XX)		+= jornada720_kbd.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_MAPLE)		+= maple_keyb.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_BFIN)		+= bf54x-keys.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_SH_KEYSC)		+= sh_keysc.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_KEYBOARD_POSKBD)		+= poskbd.o
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/poskbd.c b/drivers/input/keyboard/poskbd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d7e1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/poskbd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+/**
+ * Serio driver for exclusive-use keyboard access
+ *
+ * The UnifiedPOS Specification requires the POS keyboard to be an
+ * exclusive-use device. This means that the device is not allowed to
+ * send and/or receive events from processes other than the process
+ * which 'claimed' the device. This driver uses the serio-subsystem
+ * to get access to connected keyboard. After opening the associated
+ * device-node, the scancodes will only be available to the reader of
+ * the device-node. Therefore the reader must understand the protocol
+ * of the keyboard and implement the handling of exceptions and
+ * extensions by itself. Sending commands to the hardware is possible
+ * by writing the required bytes to the open file-descriptor.
+ *
+ * UnifiedPOS Sepecification: http://www.nrf-arts.org/UnifiedPOS
+ *
+ * This driver can be used by unbinding i.e. atkbd and binding poskbd:
+ * # echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/atkbd/unbind
+ * # echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/poskbd/bind
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Wincor Nixdorf International
+ *
+ * Idea by and with help from SUSE Labs, Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>.
+ *
+ * Author:
+ *   Niels de Vos <niels.devos@...cor-nixdorf.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+
+#include <linux/serio.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/irqreturn.h>
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
+
+/* driver info */
+#define DRIVER_NAME	"poskbd"
+#define DRIVER_DESC	"POSKeyboard driver for exclusive keyboard access"
+#define DRIVER_AUTHOR	"Niels de Vos, Wincor Nixdorf International"
+#define POSKBD_DEV	"poskeyboard"
+
+
+/* enable debugging over a module-parameter */
+#define dbg(fmt, args...) \
+	if (debug >= 2) { printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: " fmt, __func__, ##args); }
+#define verbose(fmt, args...) \
+	if (debug) { printk(KERN_INFO "%s: " fmt, __func__, ##args); }
+#define warning(fmt, args...) \
+	printk(KERN_WARNING "%s(%s): " fmt, DRIVER_NAME, __func__, ##args);
+
+
+/* for struct serio_driver*/
+static int poskbd_connect(struct serio *serio, struct serio_driver *drv);
+static void poskbd_disconnect(struct serio *serio);
+static irqreturn_t poskbd_interrupt(struct serio *serio,
+	unsigned char scancode, unsigned int flags);
+
+
+/* for struct serio */
+static int poskbd_port_open(struct serio *port);
+static void poskbd_port_close(struct serio *port);
+
+
+/* for struct file_operations */
+static int poskbd_fs_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
+static int poskbd_fs_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
+static ssize_t poskbd_fs_read(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
+static ssize_t poskbd_fs_write(struct file *, const char __user *,
size_t, loff_t *);
+
+
+static struct serio_device_id poskbd_ids[] = {
+	{
+		.type   = SERIO_8042_XL,
+		.proto  = SERIO_ANY,
+		.id     = SERIO_ANY,
+		.extra  = SERIO_ANY,
+	},
+	{ 0 }
+};
+
+
+static struct serio_driver poskbd_drv = {
+	.driver         = {
+		.name   = DRIVER_NAME,
+	},
+	.description    = DRIVER_DESC,
+	.id_table       = poskbd_ids,
+	.interrupt      = poskbd_interrupt,
+	.connect        = poskbd_connect,
+	.disconnect     = poskbd_disconnect,
+};
+
+static struct file_operations poskbd_fs = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.read		= poskbd_fs_read,
+	.write		= poskbd_fs_write,
+	.open		= poskbd_fs_open,
+	.release	= poskbd_fs_release,
+	.llseek		= no_llseek,
+};
+
+
+static struct miscdevice poskbd_md = {
+        .minor	= MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
+        .name	= POSKBD_DEV,
+        .fops	= &poskbd_fs,
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * struct scancode_buf: list of buffered scancodes
+ *
+ * @list: for a dynamical list
+ * @scancode: the scancode
+ */
+struct scancode_buf {
+	struct list_head list;
+	unsigned char scancode;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * struct poskbd_status: driver internal status
+ *
+ * @hw_port: the real port to write the commands to (struct serio from atkbd)
+ * @kbd_port: the port for the POSKeyboard
+ * @wq: blocked on while waiting for more data
+ * @data: the list of buffered scancodes
+ * @opened: counter for of opened device-nodes
+ */
+static struct poskbd_status {
+	struct serio *hw_port;
+	struct serio *kbd_port;
+	wait_queue_head_t wq;
+	struct scancode_buf *data;
+	short opened;
+} *poskbd_status;
+
+
+/* parameters for the driver */
+static int debug = 0;
+
+static int poskbd_port_open(struct serio *port)
+{
+	dbg("nothing to do for %s\n", port->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void poskbd_port_close(struct serio *port)
+{
+	dbg("nothing to do for %s\n", port->name);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * called on binding a serio* to the module
+ *    echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/wn_kbd/bind
+ */
+static int poskbd_connect(struct serio *port, struct serio_driver *drv)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	if (poskbd_status->hw_port) {
+		dbg("a hw_port has already been opened...\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = serio_open(port, drv);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		poskbd_status->hw_port = port;
+	}
+
+	dbg("serio_open() on %s was %s\n", port->name, (ret ? "failed" :
"was successful"));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * called on binding a serio* to the module
+ *    echo -n serio1 > /sys/bus/serio/drivers/wn_kbd/unbind
+ */
+static void poskbd_disconnect(struct serio *port)
+{
+	dbg("going to do serio_close(%s)\n", port->name);
+	serio_close(port);
+	if (port == poskbd_status->hw_port)
+		poskbd_status->hw_port = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * called on every keypress, keylock-rotate and card-swipe
+ */
+static irqreturn_t poskbd_interrupt(struct serio *port,
+	unsigned char scancode, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct scancode_buf *data;
+
+	if (poskbd_status->opened) {
+		/* add new scancode to the buffer */
+		data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct scancode_buf), GFP_KERNEL);
+		data->scancode = scancode;
+		list_add_tail(&(data->list), &poskbd_status->data->list);
+		dbg("added scancode (0x%.2x) to the buffer\n", scancode);
+
+		/* wake_up() the read() */
+		wake_up(&(poskbd_status->wq));
+		return IRQ_HANDLED;
+	}
+
+	if (!poskbd_status->kbd_port) {
+		dbg("BUG: no port has been assigned to poskbd_status!\n");
+		return IRQ_NONE;
+	}
+	
+	dbg("passing scancode (0x%.2x) to serio_interrupt()\n", scancode);
+	return serio_interrupt(poskbd_status->kbd_port, scancode, flags);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * poskbd_fs_open: exclusive open on PS/2 devices
+ *
+ * Only one open allowed, make it really exclusive.
+ */
+static int poskbd_fs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (poskbd_status->opened) {
+		verbose("device already opened\n");
+		ret = -EBUSY;
+	} else {
+		poskbd_status->opened = 1;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * poskbd_fs_release: close()
+ */
+static int poskbd_fs_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	poskbd_status->opened = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * poskbd_fs_read: block until data arrived
+ */
+static ssize_t poskbd_fs_read(struct file *file, char __user *data,
size_t size, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	struct scancode_buf *buf;
+	struct list_head *i, *q;
+	size_t cnt = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* wait until data is available or read() is aborted */
+	verbose("userspace wants %d/%d of data\n", (int) (size - cnt), (int) size);
+	if (list_empty(&poskbd_status->data->list)) {
+		ret = wait_event_interruptible(poskbd_status->wq,
!list_empty(&poskbd_status->data->list));
+		if (ret) {
+			verbose("read() interrupted: %d\n", ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		dbg("I'm awake!\n");
+	}
+
+	/* loop through all buffered scancodes and send them to userspace */
+	do {
+		list_for_each_safe(i, q, &poskbd_status->data->list) {
+			buf = list_entry(i, struct scancode_buf, list);
+			dbg("sending scancode (0x%.2x) to userspace\n", buf->scancode);
+			if (copy_to_user((data + cnt), &(buf->scancode), sizeof(unsigned
char)) != 0) {
+				warning("could not copy data to userspace\n");
+				return -EACCES;
+			}
+			cnt++;
+
+			/* remove the scancode from the buffer */
+			list_del(i);
+			kfree(buf);
+		}
+	} while (!list_empty(&poskbd_status->data->list) || cnt == size);
+
+	verbose("sent %d bytes to userspace\n", (int) cnt);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * poskbd_fs_write: send commands to the keyboard
+ */
+static ssize_t poskbd_fs_write(struct file *file, const char __user
*data, size_t len, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	unsigned char c;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!poskbd_status->hw_port) {
+		warning("no device connected\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (copy_from_user(&c, data + i, 1)) {
+			warning("could not get data from userspace\n");
+			return -EACCES;
+		}
+		
+		dbg("going to serio_write(%s, 0x%.2x)\n", poskbd_status->hw_port->name, c);
+		ret = serio_write(poskbd_status->hw_port, c);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+	}
+	return i;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * called on module loading
+ */
+static int __init poskbd_init(void)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	poskbd_status = kzalloc(sizeof(struct poskbd_status), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!poskbd_status) {
+		warning("could not allocate enough memory for driver status\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	poskbd_status->data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct scancode_buf), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!poskbd_status->data) {
+		warning("could not allocate enough memory for scancode buffer\n");
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto free1_exit;
+	}
+	
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(poskbd_status->data->list));
+	init_waitqueue_head(&(poskbd_status->wq));
+
+	dbg("going to register_port()\n");
+	poskbd_status->kbd_port = kzalloc(sizeof(struct serio), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!poskbd_status->kbd_port) {
+		warning("could not allocate enough memory for port\n");
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto free2_exit;
+	}
+	/* fill the struct serio with valid data */
+	poskbd_status->kbd_port->id.type 	= SERIO_8042_XL;
+	poskbd_status->kbd_port->open		= poskbd_port_open;
+	poskbd_status->kbd_port->close		= poskbd_port_close;
+	snprintf(poskbd_status->kbd_port->name,
sizeof(poskbd_status->kbd_port->name), "POSKeyboard");
+	snprintf(poskbd_status->kbd_port->phys,
sizeof(poskbd_status->kbd_port->name), "POSKeyboard");
+
+	serio_register_port(poskbd_status->kbd_port);
+
+	dbg("going to register_driver()\n");
+	err = serio_register_driver(&poskbd_drv);
+	if (err) {
+		warning("could not register driver (%d)\n", err);
+		goto free3_exit;
+	}
+
+	dbg("registering character device\n");
+	err = misc_register(&poskbd_md);
+	if (err) {
+		warning("could not register device (%d)\n", err);
+		goto free4_exit;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+free4_exit:
+	serio_unregister_driver(&poskbd_drv);
+free3_exit:
+	serio_unregister_port(poskbd_status->kbd_port);
+	kfree(poskbd_status->kbd_port);
+free2_exit:
+	kfree(poskbd_status->data);
+free1_exit:
+	kfree(poskbd_status);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * called on module unloading
+ */
+static void __exit poskbd_exit(void)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct scancode_buf *data;
+	struct list_head *pos, *q;
+	
+	dbg("unregistering character device\n");
+	err = misc_deregister(&poskbd_md);
+
+	dbg("going to unregister_port %s\n", poskbd_status->kbd_port->name);
+	serio_unregister_port(poskbd_status->kbd_port);
+#if 0 /* TODO: does serio_unregister_port() a kfree() on the port? */
+	kfree(poskbd_status->kbd_port);
+#endif
+
+	dbg("going to unregister_driver()\n");
+	serio_unregister_driver(&poskbd_drv);
+
+	if (!list_empty(&poskbd_status->data->list)) {
+		dbg("freeing buffer:\n");
+		list_for_each_safe(pos, q, &poskbd_status->data->list) {
+			data = list_entry(pos, struct scancode_buf, list);
+			list_del(pos);
+			kfree(data);
+		}
+	}
+	kfree(poskbd_status->data);
+	kfree(poskbd_status);
+}
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(serio, poskbd_ids);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug, "show additional debug information (default: 0)");
+
+module_param(debug, int, 0);
+
+module_init(poskbd_init);
+module_exit(poskbd_exit);
--
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