linux-kernel - Re: lmbench lat_mmap slowdown with CONFIG

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Date:	Tue, 20 Jan 2009 12:45:58 -0800
From:	Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@...p.org>
To:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>
CC:	Nick Piggin <npiggin@...e.de>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>, hpa@...or.com,
	jeremy@...source.com, chrisw@...s-sol.org, zach@...are.com,
	rusty@...tcorp.com.au, Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Xen-devel <xen-devel@...ts.xensource.com>
Subject: Re: lmbench lat_mmap slowdown with CONFIG_PARAVIRT

Ingo Molnar wrote:
> * Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu> wrote:
>
>   
>>> Times I believe are in nanoseconds for lmbench, anyway lower is 
>>> better.
>>>
>>> non pv   AVG=464.22 STD=5.56
>>> paravirt AVG=502.87 STD=7.36
>>>
>>> Nearly 10% performance drop here, which is quite a bit... hopefully 
>>> people are testing the speed of their PV implementations against 
>>> non-PV bare metal :)
>>>       
>> Ouch, that looks unacceptably expensive. All the major distros turn 
>> CONFIG_PARAVIRT on. paravirt_ops was introduced in x86 with the express 
>> promise to have no measurable runtime overhead.
>>     
>
> Here are some more precise stats done via hw counters on a perfcounters 
> kernel using 'timec', running a modified version of the 'mmap performance 
> stress-test' app i made years ago.
>
> The MM benchmark app can be downloaded from:
>
>    http://redhat.com/~mingo/misc/mmap-perf.c
>
> timec.c can be picked up from:
>
>    http://redhat.com/~mingo/perfcounters/timec.c
>
> mmap-perf conducts 1 million mmap()/munmap()/mremap() calls, and touches 
> the mapped area as well with a certain chance. The patterns are 
> pseudo-random and the random seed is initialized to the same value so 
> repeated runs produce the exact same mmap sequence.
>
> I ran the test with a single thread and bound to a single core:
>
>   # taskset 2 timec -e -5,-4,-3,0,1,2,3 ./mmap-perf 1
>
> [ I ran it as root - so that kernel-space hardware-counter statistics are 
>   included as well. ]
>
> The results are quite surprisingly candid about the true costs of 
> paravirt_ops on the native kernel's overhead (CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y):
>
> -----------------------------------------------
> | Performance counter stats for './mmap-perf' |
> -----------------------------------------------
> |                |
> |  x86-defconfig |   PARAVIRT=y         
> |------------------------------------------------------------------
> |
> |    1311.554526 |  1360.624932  task clock ticks (msecs)    +3.74%
> |                |
> |              1 |            1  CPU migrations
> |             91 |           79  context switches
> |          55945 |        55943  pagefaults
> |    ............................................
> |     3781392474 |   3918777174  CPU cycles                  +3.63%
> |     1957153827 |   2161280486  instructions               +10.43%
>   

!!

> |       50234816 |     51303520  cache references            +2.12%
> |        5428258 |      5583728  cache misses                +2.86%
>   

Is this I or D, or combined?

> |                |
> |    1314.782469 |  1363.694447  time elapsed (msecs)        +3.72%
> |                |
> -----------------------------------
>
> The most surprising element is that in the paravirt_ops case we run 204 
> million more instructions - out of the ~2000 million instructions total. 
>
> That's an increase of over 10%!
>   

Yow!  That's pretty awful.  We knew that static instruction count was 
up, but wouldn't have thought that it would hit the dynamic instruction 
count so much...

I think there are some immediate tweaks we can make to the code 
generated for each call site,  which will help to an extent.

    J
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