Message-ID: <20090310214456.GE5213@cs.unibo.it>
Date:	Tue, 10 Mar 2009 22:44:56 +0100
From:	Renzo Davoli <renzo@...unibo.it>
To:	Américo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@...il.com>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Jeff Dike <jdike@...toit.com>,
	user-mode-linux-devel@...ts.sourceforge.net
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] ptrace_vm: ptrace for syscall emulation virtual
	machines

This patch adds the new PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL and PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT
tags for ptrace's addr parameter.
In this way it is possible to (eventually) get rid of PTRACE_SYSEMU
PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP, while providing not only the same features
but a more general support for Virtual Machines.
Part#2: user-mode Linux support. 
User-mode Linux by this patch uses PTRACE_VM of the hosting operating system
and provides PTRACE_VM to its processes.
UML tests at startup which features are provided and uses PTRACE_VM or
PTRACE_SYSEMU (or nothing). PTRACE_VM and/or PTRACE_SYSEMU support can be 
disabled by command line flags.

renzo

Signed-off-by: Renzo Davoli <renzo@...unibo.it>
---
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/include/shared/kern_util.h linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/include/shared/kern_util.h
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/include/shared/kern_util.h	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/include/shared/kern_util.h	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 extern unsigned long to_irq_stack(unsigned long *mask_out);
 extern unsigned long from_irq_stack(int nested);
 
-extern void syscall_trace(struct uml_pt_regs *regs, int entryexit);
+extern int syscall_trace(struct uml_pt_regs *regs, int entryexit);
 extern int singlestepping(void *t);
 
 extern void segv_handler(int sig, struct uml_pt_regs *regs);
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/include/shared/ptrace_user.h linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/include/shared/ptrace_user.h
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/include/shared/ptrace_user.h	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/include/shared/ptrace_user.h	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -40,9 +40,20 @@
 #define PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
 #endif
 
+/* these constant should eventually enter in sys/ptrace.h */
+#ifndef PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL
+#define PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL      0x6
+#endif
+#ifndef PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT
+#define PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT      0x2
+#endif
+
 void set_using_sysemu(int value);
 int get_using_sysemu(void);
 extern int sysemu_supported;
+void set_using_sysptvm(int value);
+int get_using_sysptvm(void);
+extern int sysptvm_supported;
 
 #define SELECT_PTRACE_OPERATION(sysemu_mode, singlestep_mode) \
 	(((int[3][3] ) { \
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/process.c linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/process.c
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/process.c	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/process.c	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -322,7 +322,9 @@
 }
 
 static atomic_t using_sysemu = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+static atomic_t using_sysptvm = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
 int sysemu_supported;
+int sysptvm_supported;
 
 void set_using_sysemu(int value)
 {
@@ -336,6 +338,16 @@
 	return atomic_read(&using_sysemu);
 }
 
+void set_using_sysptvm(int value)
+{
+	atomic_set(&using_sysptvm, value);
+}
+
+int get_using_sysptvm(void)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&using_sysptvm);
+}
+
 static int proc_read_sysemu(char *buf, char **start, off_t offset, int size,int *eof, void *data)
 {
 	if (snprintf(buf, size, "%d\n", get_using_sysemu()) < size)
@@ -358,27 +370,63 @@
 	return count;
 }
 
-int __init make_proc_sysemu(void)
+
+static int proc_read_sysptvm(char *buf, char **start, off_t offset, int size,int *eof, void *data)
 {
-	struct proc_dir_entry *ent;
-	if (!sysemu_supported)
-		return 0;
+	int sysptvm=(get_using_sysptvm() != 0);
+	if (snprintf(buf, size, "%d\n", sysptvm) < size)
+		/* No overflow */
+		*eof = 1;
 
-	ent = create_proc_entry("sysemu", 0600, NULL);
+	return strlen(buf);
+}
 
-	if (ent == NULL)
-	{
-		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to register /proc/sysemu\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
+static int proc_write_sysptvm(struct file *file,const char __user *buf, unsigned long count,void *data)
+{
+	char tmp[2];
+
+	if (copy_from_user(tmp, buf, 1))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (tmp[0] == '0')
+		set_using_sysptvm(0);
+	if (tmp[0] == '1')
+		set_using_sysemu(/* XXX */ 6);
+	/* We use the first char, but pretend to write everything */
+	return count;
+}
 
-	ent->read_proc  = proc_read_sysemu;
-	ent->write_proc = proc_write_sysemu;
+int __init make_proc_sysemu_or_sysptvm(void)
+{
+	struct proc_dir_entry *ent;
 
+	if (sysptvm_supported) {
+		ent = create_proc_entry("sysptvm", 0600, NULL);
+
+		if (ent == NULL)
+		{
+			printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to register /proc/sysptvm\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		ent->read_proc  = proc_read_sysptvm;
+		ent->write_proc = proc_write_sysptvm;
+	} else if (sysemu_supported) {
+		ent = create_proc_entry("sysemu", 0600, NULL);
+
+		if (ent == NULL)
+		{
+			printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to register /proc/sysemu\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		ent->read_proc  = proc_read_sysemu;
+		ent->write_proc = proc_write_sysemu;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-late_initcall(make_proc_sysemu);
+late_initcall(make_proc_sysemu_or_sysptvm);
 
 int singlestepping(void * t)
 {
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/ptrace.c linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/ptrace.c
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/ptrace.c	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/ptrace.c	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -81,6 +86,8 @@
 		if (request == PTRACE_SYSCALL)
 			set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE);
 		else clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE);
+		child->ptrace &= ~PT_SYSCALL_MASK;
+		child->ptrace |= (addr & PTRACE_SYSCALL_MASK) << 28;
 		child->exit_code = data;
 		wake_up_process(child);
 		ret = 0;
@@ -107,7 +114,9 @@
 		ret = -EIO;
 		if (!valid_signal(data))
 			break;
+		child->ptrace &= ~PT_SYSCALL_MASK;
 		clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE);
+		child->ptrace |= (addr & PTRACE_SYSCALL_MASK) << 28;
 		set_singlestepping(child, 1);
 		child->exit_code = data;
 		/* give it a chance to run. */
@@ -250,7 +259,7 @@
  * XXX Check PT_DTRACE vs TIF_SINGLESTEP for singlestepping check and
  * PT_PTRACED vs TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE for syscall tracing check
  */
-void syscall_trace(struct uml_pt_regs *regs, int entryexit)
+int syscall_trace(struct uml_pt_regs *regs, int entryexit)
 {
 	int is_singlestep = (current->ptrace & PT_DTRACE) && entryexit;
 	int tracesysgood;
@@ -272,10 +281,13 @@
 		send_sigtrap(current, regs, 0);
 
 	if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(current->ptrace & PT_PTRACED))
-		return;
+		return 0;
+
+	if (entryexit && (current->ptrace & PT_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT))
+		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * the 0x80 provides a way for the tracing parent to distinguish
@@ -296,4 +308,8 @@
 		send_sig(current->exit_code, current, 1);
 		current->exit_code = 0;
 	}
+	if (!entryexit && (current->ptrace & PT_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL))
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
 }
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/skas/syscall.c linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/skas/syscall.c
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/kernel/skas/syscall.c	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/kernel/skas/syscall.c	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
 	struct pt_regs *regs = container_of(r, struct pt_regs, regs);
 	long result;
 	int syscall;
+	int skip_call;
 
-	syscall_trace(r, 0);
+	skip_call=syscall_trace(r, 0);
 
 	/*
 	 * This should go in the declaration of syscall, but when I do that,
@@ -29,12 +30,14 @@
 	 *     gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)
 	 * in case it's a compiler bug.
 	 */
-	syscall = UPT_SYSCALL_NR(r);
-	if ((syscall >= NR_syscalls) || (syscall < 0))
-		result = -ENOSYS;
-	else result = EXECUTE_SYSCALL(syscall, regs);
+	if (skip_call == 0) {
+		syscall = UPT_SYSCALL_NR(r);
+		if ((syscall >= NR_syscalls) || (syscall < 0))
+			result = -ENOSYS;
+		else result = EXECUTE_SYSCALL(syscall, regs);
 
-	REGS_SET_SYSCALL_RETURN(r->gp, result);
+		REGS_SET_SYSCALL_RETURN(r->gp, result);
+	}
 
 	syscall_trace(r, 1);
 }
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
  * (in local_using_sysemu
  */
 static void handle_trap(int pid, struct uml_pt_regs *regs,
-			int local_using_sysemu)
+			int local_using_sysptvm_or_sysemu)
 {
 	int err, status;
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 	/* Mark this as a syscall */
 	UPT_SYSCALL_NR(regs) = PT_SYSCALL_NR(regs->gp);
 
-	if (!local_using_sysemu)
+	if (!local_using_sysptvm_or_sysemu)
 	{
 		err = ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSR, pid, PT_SYSCALL_NR_OFFSET,
 			     __NR_getpid);
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@
 	int err, status, op, pid = userspace_pid[0];
 	/* To prevent races if using_sysemu changes under us.*/
 	int local_using_sysemu;
+	int local_using_sysptvm;
 
 	if (getitimer(ITIMER_VIRTUAL, &timer))
 		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "Failed to get itimer, errno = %d\n", errno);
@@ -375,11 +376,12 @@
 
 		/* Now we set local_using_sysemu to be used for one loop */
 		local_using_sysemu = get_using_sysemu();
+		local_using_sysptvm = get_using_sysptvm();
 
 		op = SELECT_PTRACE_OPERATION(local_using_sysemu,
 					     singlestepping(NULL));
 
-		if (ptrace(op, pid, 0, 0)) {
+		if (ptrace(op, pid, local_using_sysptvm, 0)) {
 			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "userspace - ptrace continue "
 			       "failed, op = %d, errno = %d\n", op, errno);
 			fatal_sigsegv();
diff -Naur linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/os-Linux/start_up.c linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/os-Linux/start_up.c
--- linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm1/arch/um/os-Linux/start_up.c	2009-03-06 20:32:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.29-rc7-vm2/arch/um/os-Linux/start_up.c	2009-03-06 20:33:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -198,6 +198,35 @@
 "    See http://perso.wanadoo.fr/laurent.vivier/UML/ for further \n"
 "    information.\n\n");
 
+/* Changed only during early boot */
+static int force_sysptvm_disabled = 0;
+
+static int __init nosysptvm_cmd_param(char *str, int* add)
+{
+	force_sysptvm_disabled = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+__uml_setup("nosysptvm", nosysptvm_cmd_param,
+		"nosysptvm\n"
+		"    Turns off syscall emulation tags for ptrace (ptrace_vm) on.\n"
+		"    Ptrace_vm is a feature introduced by Renzo Davoli. It changes\n"
+		"    behaviour of ptrace() and helps reducing host context switch rate.\n"
+		"\n");
+
+static int use_sysemu = 0;
+
+static int __init usesysemu_cmd_param(char *str, int* add)
+{
+	use_sysemu = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+__uml_setup("usesysemu", usesysemu_cmd_param,
+		"usesysemu\n"
+		"    Use sysemu instead of sysptvm even when the kernel supports it.\n\n"
+		);
+
 static void __init check_sysemu(void)
 {
 	unsigned long regs[MAX_REG_NR];
@@ -293,6 +322,102 @@
 	non_fatal("missing\n");
 }
 
+/* test thread code. This thread is started only to test 
+ * which features are provided by the linux kernel */
+static int sysptvm_child(void *arg)
+{
+	int *featurep=arg;
+	int p[2]={-1,-1};
+	pid_t pid=os_getpid();
+	if(ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0) < 0){
+		perror("ptrace test_ptracemulti");
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	}
+	kill(pid, SIGSTOP);
+	*featurep=0;
+	os_getpid();
+	/* if it reaches this point in 1 stop it means that
+	 * PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT works */
+	*featurep=PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT;
+	pipe(p);
+	/* if after a PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL p[0] is already <0 
+	 * pipe has been really skipped */
+	if (p[0] < 0)
+		*featurep=PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL;
+	else { /* clean up everything */
+		close(p[0]);
+		close(p[1]);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* kernel feature test: 
+ * it returns:
+ *   -1 error 
+ *   0 old PTRACE_SYSCALL (addr is ignored)
+ *   PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT: just skip_exit is provided
+ *   PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL: the entire syntax is implemented
+ *   by the running kernel */
+static int __init test_ptrace_sysptvm(void) {
+	int pid, status, rv, feature;
+	static char stack[1024];
+	feature=0;
+
+	if((pid = clone(sysptvm_child, &stack[1020], SIGCHLD | CLONE_VM, &feature)) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	if(waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0){
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* restart and wait for the next syscall (getpid)*/
+	rv=ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, 0, 0);
+	if(waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	/* try to skip the exit call */
+	rv=ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT, 0);
+	if (rv < 0)
+		goto out;
+	/* wait for the next stop */
+	if(waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	/* if feature is already 0 it means that this is the exit call,
+	 * and it has not been skipped, otherwise this is the
+	 * entry call for the system call "time" */
+	if (feature<PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPEXIT)
+		goto out;
+	/* restart (time) and and try to skip the entire call */
+	rv=ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL, 0);
+	if(waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0)
+		return 0;
+out:
+	ptrace(PTRACE_KILL,pid,0,0);
+	/* eliminate zombie */
+	if(waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	return feature;
+}
+
+static int  __init check_sysptvm(void)
+{
+	int feature=test_ptrace_sysptvm();
+
+	non_fatal("Checking ptrace new tags for syscall emulation...");
+	if (feature==PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL) {
+		sysptvm_supported=1;
+		non_fatal("OK");
+		if (!force_sysptvm_disabled) {
+			set_using_sysptvm(PTRACE_SYSCALL_SKIPCALL);
+			non_fatal("\n");
+			return 1;
+		} else {
+			non_fatal(" (disabled)\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} else
+		non_fatal("unsupported\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void __init check_ptrace(void)
 {
 	int pid, syscall, n, status;
@@ -330,7 +455,8 @@
 	}
 	stop_ptraced_child(pid, 0, 1);
 	non_fatal("OK\n");
-	check_sysemu();
+	if (use_sysemu || !check_sysptvm()) 
+		check_sysemu();
 }
 
 extern void check_tmpexec(void);
--
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