Date:	Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:57:30 -0700
From:	Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@...cle.com>
To:	Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@...il.com>
Cc:	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>, Li Zefan <lizf@...fujitsu.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] tracing/filters: add filter Documentation

On Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:13:51 -0500 Tom Zanussi wrote:

> Documentation for event filters and formats.
> 
> v2 changes: fix a few problems noticed by Randy Dunlap. 
> 
> Signed-off-by: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@...il.com>
> Reviewed-by: Li Zefan <lizf@...fujitsu.com>

Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@...cle.com>

Thanks.


> 
> ---
>  Documentation/trace/events.txt |  184 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  1 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/trace/events.txt b/Documentation/trace/events.txt
> index 2bcc8d4..27c62b3 100644
> --- a/Documentation/trace/events.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/trace/events.txt
> @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
>  			     Event Tracing
>  
>  		Documentation written by Theodore Ts'o
> -			Updated by Li Zefan
> +		Updated by Li Zefan and Tom Zanussi
>  
>  1. Introduction
>  ===============
> @@ -97,3 +97,185 @@ The format of this boot option is the same as described in section 2.1.
>  
>  See The example provided in samples/trace_events
>  
> +4. Event formats
> +================
> +
> +Each trace event has a 'format' file associated with it that contains
> +a description of each field in a logged event.  This information can
> +be used to parse the binary trace stream, and is also the place to
> +find the field names that can be used in event filters (see section 5).
> +
> +It also displays the format string that will be used to print the
> +event in text mode, along with the event name and ID used for
> +profiling.
> +
> +Every event has a set of 'common' fields associated with it; these are
> +the fields prefixed with 'common_'.  The other fields vary between
> +events and correspond to the fields defined in the TRACE_EVENT
> +definition for that event.
> +
> +Each field in the format has the form:
> +
> +     field:field-type field-name; offset:N; size:N;
> +
> +where offset is the offset of the field in the trace record and size
> +is the size of the data item, in bytes.
> +
> +For example, here's the information displayed for the 'sched_wakeup'
> +event:
> +
> +# cat /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/format
> +
> +name: sched_wakeup
> +ID: 60
> +format:
> +	field:unsigned short common_type;	offset:0;	size:2;
> +	field:unsigned char common_flags;	offset:2;	size:1;
> +	field:unsigned char common_preempt_count;	offset:3;	size:1;
> +	field:int common_pid;	offset:4;	size:4;
> +	field:int common_tgid;	offset:8;	size:4;
> +
> +	field:char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];	offset:12;	size:16;
> +	field:pid_t pid;	offset:28;	size:4;
> +	field:int prio;	offset:32;	size:4;
> +	field:int success;	offset:36;	size:4;
> +	field:int cpu;	offset:40;	size:4;
> +
> +print fmt: "task %s:%d [%d] success=%d [%03d]", REC->comm, REC->pid,
> +	   REC->prio, REC->success, REC->cpu
> +
> +This event contains 10 fields, the first 5 common and the remaining 5
> +event-specific.  All the fields for this event are numeric, except for
> +'comm' which is a string, a distinction important for event filtering.
> +
> +5. Event filtering
> +==================
> +
> +Trace events can be filtered in the kernel by associating boolean
> +'filter expressions' with them.  As soon as an event is logged into
> +the trace buffer, its fields are checked against the filter expression
> +associated with that event type.  An event with field values that
> +'match' the filter will appear in the trace output, and an event whose
> +values don't match will be discarded.  An event with no filter
> +associated with it matches everything, and is the default when no
> +filter has been set for an event.
> +
> +5.1 Expression syntax
> +---------------------
> +
> +A filter expression consists of one or more 'predicates' that can be
> +combined using the logical operators '&&' and '||'.  A predicate is
> +simply a clause that compares the value of a field contained within a
> +logged event with a constant value and returns either 0 or 1 depending
> +on whether the field value matched (1) or didn't match (0):
> +
> +	  field-name relational-operator value
> +
> +Parentheses can be used to provide arbitrary logical groupings and
> +double-quotes can be used to prevent the shell from interpreting
> +operators as shell metacharacters.
> +
> +The field-names available for use in filters can be found in the
> +'format' files for trace events (see section 4).
> +
> +The relational-operators depend on the type of the field being tested:
> +
> +The operators available for numeric fields are:
> +    
> +==, !=, <, <=, >, >=
> +
> +And for string fields they are:
> +    
> +==, !=
> +
> +Currently, only exact string matches are supported.
> +
> +Currently, the maximum number of predicates in a filter is 16.
> +
> +5.2 Setting filters
> +-------------------
> +
> +A filter for an individual event is set by writing a filter expression
> +to the 'filter' file for the given event.
> +
> +For example:
> +
> +# cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup
> +# echo "common_preempt_count > 4" > filter
> +
> +A slightly more involved example:
> +
> +# cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_signal_send
> +# echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || sig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
> +
> +If there is an error in the expression, you'll get an 'Invalid
> +argument' error when setting it, and the erroneous string along with
> +an error message can be seen by looking at the filter e.g.:
> +
> +# cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_signal_send
> +# echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
> +-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
> +# cat filter
> +((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash
> +^
> +parse_error: Field not found
> +
> +Currently the caret ('^') for an error always appears at the beginning of
> +the filter string; the error message should still be useful though
> +even without more accurate position info.
> +
> +5.3 Clearing filters
> +--------------------
> +    
> +To clear the filter for an event, write a '0' to the event's filter
> +file.
> +
> +To clear the filters for all events in a subsystem, write a '0' to the
> +subsystem's filter file.
> +
> +5.3 Subsystem filters
> +---------------------
> +
> +For convenience, filters for every event in a subsystem can be set or
> +cleared as a group by writing a filter expression into the filter file
> +at the root of the subsytem.  Note however, that if a filter for any
> +event within the subsystem lacks a field specified in the subsystem
> +filter, or if the filter can't be applied for any other reason, the
> +filter for that event will retain its previous setting.  This can
> +result in an unintended mixture of filters which could lead to
> +confusing (to the user who might think different filters are in
> +effect) trace output.  Only filters that reference just the common
> +fields can be guaranteed to propagate successfully to all events.
> +
> +Here are a few subsystem filter examples that also illustrate the
> +above points:
> +
> +Clear the filters on all events in the sched subsytem:
> +
> +# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
> +# echo 0 > filter
> +# cat sched_switch/filter
> +none
> +# cat sched_wakeup/filter
> +none
> +
> +Set a filter using only common fields for all events in the sched
> +subsytem (all events end up with the same filter):
> +
> +# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
> +# echo common_pid == 0 > filter
> +# cat sched_switch/filter
> +common_pid == 0
> +# cat sched_wakeup/filter
> +common_pid == 0
> +
> +Attempt to set a filter using a non-common field for all events in the
> +sched subsytem (all events but those that have a prev_pid field retain
> +their old filters):
> +
> +# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
> +# echo prev_pid == 0 > filter
> +# cat sched_switch/filter
> +prev_pid == 0
> +# cat sched_wakeup/filter
> +common_pid == 0
> -- 
> 1.5.6.3
> 
> 
> 


---
~Randy
LPC 2009, Sept. 23-25, Portland, Oregon
http://linuxplumbersconf.org/2009/
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