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Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2009 11:50:16 +0100
From: Mel Gorman <mel@....ul.ie>
To: Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@...helsinki.fi>,
David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...ymtl.ca>,
Zhang Yanmin <yanmin_zhang@...ux.intel.com>
Subject: Re: [this_cpu_xx V6 7/7] this_cpu: slub aggressive use of this_cpu
operations in the hotpaths
On Wed, Oct 14, 2009 at 11:56:29AM -0400, Christoph Lameter wrote:
> On Wed, 14 Oct 2009, Pekka Enberg wrote:
>
> > SLAB is able to queue lots of large objects but SLUB can't do that because it
> > has no queues. In SLUB, each CPU gets a page assigned to it that serves as a
> > "queue" but the size of the queue gets smaller as object size approaches page
> > size.
> >
> > We try to offset that with higher order allocations but IIRC we don't increase
> > the order linearly with object size and cap it to some reasonable maximum.
>
> You can test to see if larger pages have an influence by passing
>
> slub_max_order=6
>
> or so on the kernel command line.
>
> You can force a large page use in slub by setting
>
> slub_min_order=3
>
> f.e.
>
> Or you can force a mininum number of objecxcts in slub through f.e.
>
> slub_min_objects=50
>
>
>
> slub_max_order=6 slub_min_objects=50
>
> should result in pretty large slabs with lots of in page objects that
> allow slub to queue better.
>
Here are the results of that suggestion. They are side-by-side with the
other results so the columns are
SLUB-vanilla No other patches applied, SLUB configured
vanilla-highorder No other patches + slub_max_order=6 slub_min_objects=50
SLUB-this-cpu The patches in this set applied
this-cpu-higher These patches + slub_max_order=6 slub_min_objects=50
SLAB-vanilla No other patches, SLAB configured
SLAB-this-cpu Thes patches, SLAB configured
SLUB-vanilla vanilla-highorder SLUB-this-cpu this-cpu-highorder SLAB-vanilla SLAB-this-cpu
Elapsed min 92.95 ( 0.00%) 92.64 ( 0.33%) 92.62 ( 0.36%) 92.77 ( 0.19%) 92.93 ( 0.02%) 92.62 ( 0.36%)
Elapsed mean 93.11 ( 0.00%) 92.89 ( 0.24%) 92.74 ( 0.40%) 92.82 ( 0.31%) 93.00 ( 0.13%) 92.82 ( 0.32%)
Elapsed stddev 0.10 ( 0.00%) 0.15 (-58.74%) 0.14 (-40.55%) 0.09 ( 7.73%) 0.04 (55.47%) 0.18 (-84.33%)
Elapsed max 93.20 ( 0.00%) 93.04 ( 0.17%) 92.95 ( 0.27%) 92.98 ( 0.24%) 93.05 ( 0.16%) 93.09 ( 0.12%)
User min 323.21 ( 0.00%) 323.38 (-0.05%) 322.60 ( 0.19%) 323.26 (-0.02%) 322.50 ( 0.22%) 323.26 (-0.02%)
User mean 323.81 ( 0.00%) 323.64 ( 0.05%) 323.20 ( 0.19%) 323.56 ( 0.08%) 323.16 ( 0.20%) 323.54 ( 0.08%)
User stddev 0.40 ( 0.00%) 0.38 ( 4.24%) 0.46 (-15.30%) 0.27 (33.20%) 0.48 (-20.92%) 0.29 (26.07%)
User max 324.32 ( 0.00%) 324.30 ( 0.01%) 323.72 ( 0.19%) 323.96 ( 0.11%) 323.86 ( 0.14%) 323.98 ( 0.10%)
System min 35.95 ( 0.00%) 35.33 ( 1.72%) 35.50 ( 1.25%) 35.95 ( 0.00%) 35.35 ( 1.67%) 36.01 (-0.17%)
System mean 36.30 ( 0.00%) 35.99 ( 0.87%) 35.96 ( 0.96%) 36.20 ( 0.28%) 36.17 ( 0.36%) 36.23 ( 0.21%)
System stddev 0.25 ( 0.00%) 0.41 (-59.25%) 0.45 (-75.60%) 0.15 (41.61%) 0.56 (-121.14%) 0.14 (46.14%)
System max 36.65 ( 0.00%) 36.44 ( 0.57%) 36.67 (-0.05%) 36.32 ( 0.90%) 36.94 (-0.79%) 36.39 ( 0.71%)
CPU min 386.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.00%)
CPU mean 386.25 ( 0.00%) 386.75 (-0.13%) 386.75 (-0.13%) 386.75 (-0.13%) 386.00 ( 0.06%) 387.25 (-0.26%)
CPU stddev 0.43 ( 0.00%) 0.83 (-91.49%) 0.83 (-91.49%) 0.43 ( 0.00%) 0.00 (100.00%) 0.83 (-91.49%)
CPU max 387.00 ( 0.00%) 388.00 (-0.26%) 388.00 (-0.26%) 387.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 0.26%) 388.00 (-0.26%)
The high-order allocations help here, but not by a massive amount. In some
cases it made things slightly worse. However, the standard deviations are
generally high enough to file most of the results under "noise"
NETPERF UDP
SLUB-vanilla vanilla-highorder SLUB-this-cpu this-cpu-highorder SLAB-vanilla SLAB-this-cpu
64 148.48 ( 0.00%) 146.28 (-1.50%) 152.03 ( 2.34%) 152.20 ( 2.44%) 147.45 (-0.70%) 150.07 ( 1.06%)
128 294.65 ( 0.00%) 286.80 (-2.74%) 299.92 ( 1.76%) 302.55 ( 2.61%) 289.20 (-1.88%) 290.15 (-1.55%)
256 583.63 ( 0.00%) 564.84 (-3.33%) 609.14 ( 4.19%) 587.53 ( 0.66%) 590.78 ( 1.21%) 586.42 ( 0.48%)
1024 2217.90 ( 0.00%) 2176.12 (-1.92%) 2261.99 ( 1.95%) 2312.12 ( 4.08%) 2219.64 ( 0.08%) 2207.93 (-0.45%)
2048 4164.27 ( 0.00%) 4154.96 (-0.22%) 4161.47 (-0.07%) 4244.60 ( 1.89%) 4216.46 ( 1.24%) 4155.11 (-0.22%)
3312 6284.17 ( 0.00%) 6121.32 (-2.66%) 6383.24 ( 1.55%) 6356.61 ( 1.14%) 6231.88 (-0.84%) 6243.82 (-0.65%)
4096 7399.42 ( 0.00%) 7327.40 (-0.98%)* 7686.38 ( 3.73%) 7633.64 ( 3.07%) 7394.89 (-0.06%) 7487.91 ( 1.18%)
1.00% 1.07% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
6144 10014.35 ( 0.00%) 10061.59 ( 0.47%) 10199.48 ( 1.82%) 10223.16 ( 2.04%) 9927.92 (-0.87%)* 10067.40 ( 0.53%)
1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.08% 1.00%
8192 11232.50 ( 0.00%)* 11222.92 (-0.09%)* 11368.13 ( 1.19%)* 11403.82 ( 1.50%)* 12280.88 ( 8.54%)* 12244.23 ( 8.26%)
1.65% 1.37% 1.64% 1.16% 1.32% 1.00%
10240 12961.87 ( 0.00%) 12746.40 (-1.69%)* 13099.82 ( 1.05%)* 12767.02 (-1.53%)* 13816.33 ( 6.18%)* 13927.18 ( 6.93%)
1.00% 2.34% 1.03% 1.26% 1.21% 1.00%
12288 14403.74 ( 0.00%)* 14136.36 (-1.89%)* 14276.89 (-0.89%)* 14246.18 (-1.11%)* 15173.09 ( 5.07%)* 15464.05 ( 6.86%)*
1.31% 1.60% 1.63% 1.60% 1.93% 1.55%
14336 15229.98 ( 0.00%)* 14962.61 (-1.79%)* 15218.52 (-0.08%)* 15243.51 ( 0.09%) 16412.94 ( 7.21%) 16252.98 ( 6.29%)
1.37% 1.66% 2.76% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
16384 15367.60 ( 0.00%)* 15543.13 ( 1.13%)* 16038.71 ( 4.18%) 15870.54 ( 3.17%)* 16635.91 ( 7.62%) 17128.87 (10.28%)*
1.29% 1.34% 1.00% 2.18% 1.00% 6.36%
Configuring use of high-order pages actually hurt SLUB mostly on the unpatched
kernel. The results are mixed with the patches applied. Hard to draw anything
very conclusive to be honest. Based on these results, I wouldn't push the
high-order allocations aggressively.
NETPERF TCP
SLUB-vanilla vanilla-highorder SLUB-this-cpu this-cpu-highorder SLAB-vanilla SLAB-this-cpu
64 1773.00 ( 0.00%) 1812.07 ( 2.16%)* 1731.63 (-2.39%)* 1717.99 (-3.20%)* 1794.48 ( 1.20%) 2029.46 (12.64%)
1.00% 5.88% 2.43% 2.83% 1.00% 1.00%
128 3181.12 ( 0.00%) 3193.06 ( 0.37%)* 3471.22 ( 8.36%) 3154.79 (-0.83%) 3296.37 ( 3.50%) 3251.33 ( 2.16%)
1.00% 1.70% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
256 4794.35 ( 0.00%) 4813.37 ( 0.40%) 4797.38 ( 0.06%) 4819.16 ( 0.51%) 4912.99 ( 2.41%) 4846.86 ( 1.08%)
1024 9438.10 ( 0.00%) 8144.02 (-15.89%) 8681.05 (-8.72%)* 8204.11 (-15.04%) 8270.58 (-14.12%) 8268.85 (-14.14%)
1.00% 1.00% 7.31% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
2048 9196.06 ( 0.00%) 11233.72 (18.14%) 9375.72 ( 1.92%) 10487.89 (12.32%)* 11474.59 (19.86%) 9420.01 ( 2.38%)
1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 9.43% 1.00% 1.00%
3312 10338.49 ( 0.00%)* 9730.79 (-6.25%)* 10021.82 (-3.16%)* 10089.90 (-2.46%)* 12018.72 (13.98%)* 12069.28 (14.34%)*
9.49% 2.51% 6.36% 5.96% 1.21% 2.12%
4096 9931.20 ( 0.00%)* 12447.88 (20.22%) 10285.38 ( 3.44%)* 10548.56 ( 5.85%)* 12265.59 (19.03%)* 10175.33 ( 2.40%)*
1.31% 1.00% 1.38% 8.22% 9.97% 8.33%
6144 12775.08 ( 0.00%)* 10489.24 (-21.79%)* 10559.63 (-20.98%) 11033.15 (-15.79%)* 13139.34 ( 2.77%) 13210.79 ( 3.30%)*
1.45% 8.46% 1.00% 12.65% 1.00% 2.99%
8192 10933.93 ( 0.00%)* 10340.42 (-5.74%)* 10534.41 (-3.79%)* 10845.36 (-0.82%)* 10876.42 (-0.53%)* 10738.25 (-1.82%)*
14.29% 2.38% 2.10% 1.83% 12.50% 9.55%
10240 12868.58 ( 0.00%) 11211.60 (-14.78%)* 12991.65 ( 0.95%) 11330.97 (-13.57%)* 10892.20 (-18.14%) 13106.01 ( 1.81%)
1.00% 11.36% 1.00% 6.64% 1.00% 1.00%
12288 11854.97 ( 0.00%) 11854.51 (-0.00%) 12122.34 ( 2.21%)* 12258.61 ( 3.29%)* 12129.79 ( 2.27%)* 12411.84 ( 4.49%)*
1.00% 1.00% 6.61% 5.69% 5.78% 8.95%
14336 12552.48 ( 0.00%)* 12309.15 (-1.98%) 12501.71 (-0.41%)* 13683.57 ( 8.27%)* 12274.54 (-2.26%) 12322.63 (-1.87%)*
6.05% 1.00% 2.58% 2.46% 1.00% 2.23%
16384 11733.09 ( 0.00%)* 11856.66 ( 1.04%)* 12735.05 ( 7.87%)* 13482.61 (12.98%)* 13195.68 (11.08%)* 14401.62 (18.53%)
1.14% 1.05% 9.79% 11.52% 10.30% 1.00%
Configuring high-rder helper in a few cases here and in one or two
cases close the gap with SLAB, particularly for large packet sizes.
However, it still suffered for the small packet sizes.
SYSBENCH
SLUB-vanilla vanilla-highorder SLUB-this-cpu this-cpu-highorder SLAB-vanilla SLAB-this-cpu
1 26950.79 ( 0.00%) 26723.98 (-0.85%) 26822.05 (-0.48%) 26877.71 (-0.27%) 26919.89 (-0.11%) 26746.18 (-0.77%)
2 51555.51 ( 0.00%) 51231.41 (-0.63%) 51928.02 ( 0.72%) 51794.47 ( 0.46%) 51370.02 (-0.36%) 51129.82 (-0.83%)
3 76204.23 ( 0.00%) 76060.77 (-0.19%) 76333.58 ( 0.17%) 76270.53 ( 0.09%) 76483.99 ( 0.37%) 75954.52 (-0.33%)
4 100599.12 ( 0.00%) 100825.16 ( 0.22%) 101757.98 ( 1.14%) 100273.02 (-0.33%) 100499.65 (-0.10%) 101605.61 ( 0.99%)
5 100211.45 ( 0.00%) 100096.77 (-0.11%) 100435.33 ( 0.22%) 101132.16 ( 0.91%) 100150.98 (-0.06%) 99398.11 (-0.82%)
6 99390.81 ( 0.00%) 99305.36 (-0.09%) 99840.85 ( 0.45%) 99200.53 (-0.19%) 99234.38 (-0.16%) 99244.42 (-0.15%)
7 98740.56 ( 0.00%) 98625.23 (-0.12%) 98727.61 (-0.01%) 98470.75 (-0.27%) 98305.88 (-0.44%) 98123.56 (-0.63%)
8 98075.89 ( 0.00%) 97609.30 (-0.48%) 98048.62 (-0.03%) 97092.44 (-1.01%) 98183.99 ( 0.11%) 97587.82 (-0.50%)
9 96502.22 ( 0.00%) 96685.39 ( 0.19%) 97276.80 ( 0.80%) 96800.23 ( 0.31%) 96819.88 ( 0.33%) 97320.51 ( 0.84%)
10 96598.70 ( 0.00%) 96272.05 (-0.34%) 96545.37 (-0.06%) 95936.97 (-0.69%) 96222.51 (-0.39%) 96221.69 (-0.39%)
11 95500.66 ( 0.00%) 95141.00 (-0.38%) 95671.11 ( 0.18%) 96057.84 ( 0.58%) 95003.21 (-0.52%) 95246.81 (-0.27%)
12 94572.87 ( 0.00%) 94811.46 ( 0.25%) 95266.70 ( 0.73%) 93767.06 (-0.86%) 93807.60 (-0.82%) 94859.82 ( 0.30%)
13 93811.85 ( 0.00%) 93597.39 (-0.23%) 94309.18 ( 0.53%) 93323.96 (-0.52%) 93219.81 (-0.64%) 93051.63 (-0.82%)
14 92972.16 ( 0.00%) 92936.53 (-0.04%) 93849.87 ( 0.94%) 92545.83 (-0.46%) 92641.50 (-0.36%) 92916.70 (-0.06%)
15 92276.06 ( 0.00%) 91559.63 (-0.78%) 92454.94 ( 0.19%) 91748.29 (-0.58%) 91094.04 (-1.30%) 91972.79 (-0.33%)
16 90265.35 ( 0.00%) 89707.32 (-0.62%) 90416.26 ( 0.17%) 89253.93 (-1.13%) 89309.26 (-1.07%) 90103.89 (-0.18%)
High-order didn't really help here either.
Overall, it would appear that high-order allocations occasionally help
but the margins are pretty small.
--
Mel Gorman
Part-time Phd Student Linux Technology Center
University of Limerick IBM Dublin Software Lab
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