Date:	Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:22:05 -0500
From:	"Dan Terpstra" <terpstra@...s.utk.edu>
To:	<eranian@...gle.com>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	<ptools-perfapi@...s.utk.edu>
Cc:	<perfmon2-devel@...ts.sf.net>, <peterz@...radead.org>,
	<fweisbec@...il.com>, <paulus@...ba.org>, <mingo@...e.hu>,
	<davem@...emloft.net>
Subject: RE: [perfmon2] [PATCH]  perf_events: AMD event scheduling (v1)

Excellent!
Now I'd love to see equivalent functionality on Nehalem!
- dan

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Stephane Eranian [mailto:eranian@...gle.com]
> Sent: Friday, January 22, 2010 5:43 AM
> To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
> Cc: perfmon2-devel@...ts.sf.net; eranian@...il.com; peterz@...radead.org;
> fweisbec@...il.com; eranian@...gle.com; paulus@...ba.org; mingo@...e.hu;
> davem@...emloft.net
> Subject: [perfmon2] [PATCH] perf_events: AMD event scheduling (v1)
> 
> 
> 	This patch adds correct AMD Northbridge event scheduling.
> 	It must be applied on top of my v5 + v6 incremental event
> 	scheduling patch.
> 
> 	AMD Northbridge (NB) events measure L3 and Hypertransport
> 	activities.  There is a documented restriction on how NB
> 	events can be programmed (refer to BKDG section 3.12).
> 
> 	No two cores can use the same counter to measure NB events.
> 	This patch implements this restriction by maintaining a per
> 	Northbridge counter allocation table. All cores attached to
> 	the same NB compete to allocate NB events. Given that you have
> 	4 counters, this means that at most 1 NB event can be measured by
> 	all cores. The better alternative is to measure all NB events
> 	from a single core. Both approaches are possible using this patch.
> 	If there is more NB events than there are counters, some NB events
> 	will not be scheduled, e.g., 2 NB events on each core on a 4-core
> 	package.
> 
> 	The patch also takes care of hotplug CPU.
> 
> 	Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@...gle.com>
> 
> --
>  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c |  252
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  kernel/perf_event.c              |    5
>  2 files changed, 254 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
> b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
> index a961b1f..a97a744 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
> @@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ struct debug_store {
>  	u64	pebs_event_reset[MAX_PEBS_EVENTS];
>  };
> 
> +struct amd_nb {
> +        int nb_id; /* Northbridge id */
> +	int refcnt; /* refernce count */
> +	struct perf_event *owners[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX];
> +};
> +
>  #define BITS_TO_U64(nr) DIV_ROUND_UP(nr, BITS_PER_BYTE * sizeof(u64))
> 
>  struct event_constraint {
> @@ -89,6 +95,7 @@ struct cpu_hw_events {
>  	int			assign[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX]; /* event to counter
> assignment */
>  	u64			tags[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX];
>  	struct perf_event	*event_list[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX]; /* in enabled
order
> */
> +	struct amd_nb		*amd_nb;
>  };
> 
>  #define EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, n, m) { \
> @@ -134,6 +141,8 @@ struct x86_pmu {
> 
>  static struct x86_pmu x86_pmu __read_mostly;
> 
> +static raw_spinlock_t amd_nb_lock;
> +
>  static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_hw_events, cpu_hw_events) = {
>  	.enabled = 1,
>  };
> @@ -2199,12 +2208,144 @@ static void intel_get_event_constraints(struct
> cpu_hw_events *cpuc,
>  	bitmap_fill((unsigned long *)idxmsk, x86_pmu.num_events);
>  }
> 
> +/*
> + * AMD64 events are detected based on their event codes.
> + */
> +static inline int amd_is_nb_event(struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
> +{
> +	u64 val = hwc->config;
> +        /* event code : bits [35-32] | [7-0] */
> +        val = (val >> 24) | ( val & 0xff);
> +        return val >= 0x0e0;
> +}
> +
> +static void amd_put_event_constraints(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuc,
> +			       struct perf_event *event)
> +{
> +	struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
> +	struct perf_event *old;
> +	struct amd_nb *nb;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * only care about NB events
> +	 */
> +	if(!amd_is_nb_event(hwc))
> +		return;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * NB not initialized
> +	 */
> +	nb = cpuc->amd_nb;
> +	if (!nb)
> +		return;
> +
> +	if (hwc->idx == -1)
> +		return;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * need to scan whole list because event may not have
> +	 * been assigned during scheduling
> +	 */
> +	for(i=0; i < x86_pmu.num_events; i++) {
> +		if (nb->owners[i] == event) {
> +			old = cmpxchg(nb->owners+i, event, NULL);
> +			WARN_ON(old != event);
> +			return;
> +		}
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * AMD64 Northbridge events need special treatment because
> + * counter access needs to be synchronized across all cores
> + * of a package. Refer to BKDG section 3.12
> + *
> + * NB events are events measuring L3 cache, Hypertransport
> + * traffic. They are identified by an event code  >= 0xe0.
> + *
> + * No two cores can be measuring NB events using the same
> + * counter. In other words, for NB events, it is as if there
> + * was only one set of counters per package (or cores sharing
> + * the same NB). Thus, we need to maintain a per-NB * allocation
> + * table. The available slot is propagated using the bitmask.
> + * We provide only one choice for each NB events based on
> + * the fact that only NB events have restrictions. Consequently,
> + * if a counter is available, there is a guarantee the NB event
> + * will be assigned to it. If no slot is available, an empty
> + * bitmask is returned and scheduling fails.
> + *
> + * Note that all cores attached the same NB compete for the same
> + * counters to host NB events, this is why we use atomic ops.
> + *
> + * Given that resources are allocated (cmpxchg), they must be
> + * eventually freed for others to use. This is accomplished by
> + * calling amd_put_event_constraints().
> + *
> + * Non NB events are not impacted by this restriction.
> + */
>  static void amd_get_event_constraints(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuc,
>  				      struct perf_event *event,
>  				      u64 *idxmsk)
>  {
> -	/* no constraints, means supports all generic counters */
> -	bitmap_fill((unsigned long *)idxmsk, x86_pmu.num_events);
> +	struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
> +	struct amd_nb *nb = cpuc->amd_nb;
> +	struct perf_event *old = NULL;
> +	int max = x86_pmu.num_events;
> +	int i, j, k = -1;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * clean up vector
> +	 */
> +	bitmap_zero((unsigned long *)idxmsk, X86_PMC_IDX_MAX);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * if not NB event or no NB, then no constraints
> +	 */
> +	if (!amd_is_nb_event(hwc) || !nb) {
> +		bitmap_fill((unsigned long *)idxmsk, x86_pmu.num_events);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +	/*
> +	 * detect if already present, if so reuse
> +	 *
> +	 * cannot merge with actual allocation
> +	 * because of possible holes
> +	 *
> +	 * event can already be present yet not assigned (in hwc->idx)
> +	 * because of successive calls to x86_schedule_events() from
> +	 * hw_perf_group_sched_in() without hw_perf_enable()
> +	 */
> +	for(i=0; i < max; i++) {
> +		/*
> +		 * keep track of first free slot
> +		 */
> +		if (k == -1 && !nb->owners[i])
> +			k = i;
> +
> +		/* already present, reuse */
> +		if (nb->owners[i] == event)
> +			goto skip;
> +	}
> +	/*
> +	 * not present, so grab a new slot
> +	 *
> +	 * try to alllcate same counter as before if
> +	 * event has already been assigned once. Otherwise,
> +	 * try to use free counter k obtained during the 1st
> +	 * pass above.
> +	 */
> +	i = j = hwc->idx != -1 ? hwc->idx : (k == -1 ? 0 : k);
> +	do {
> +		old = cmpxchg(nb->owners+i, NULL, event);
> +		if (!old)
> +			break;
> +		if (++i == x86_pmu.num_events)
> +			i = 0;
> +	} while (i != j);
> +skip:
> +	if (!old)
> +		set_bit(i, (unsigned long *)idxmsk);
>  }
> 
>  static int x86_event_sched_in(struct perf_event *event,
> @@ -2394,7 +2535,8 @@ static __initconst struct x86_pmu amd_pmu = {
>  	.apic			= 1,
>  	/* use highest bit to detect overflow */
>  	.max_period		= (1ULL << 47) - 1,
> -	.get_event_constraints	= amd_get_event_constraints
> +	.get_event_constraints	= amd_get_event_constraints,
> +	.put_event_constraints	= amd_put_event_constraints
>  };
> 
>  static __init int p6_pmu_init(void)
> @@ -2501,6 +2643,87 @@ static __init int intel_pmu_init(void)
>  	return 0;
>  }
> 
> +static struct amd_nb *amd_alloc_nb(int cpu, int nb_id)
> +{
> +        struct amd_nb *nb;
> +
> +        nb= vmalloc_node(sizeof(struct amd_nb), cpu_to_node(cpu));
> +        if (!nb)
> +                return NULL;
> +
> +        memset(nb, 0, sizeof(*nb));
> +        nb->nb_id = nb_id;
> +        return nb;
> +}
> +
> +static void amd_pmu_cpu_online(int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct cpu_hw_events *cpu1, *cpu2;
> +	struct amd_nb *nb = NULL;
> +	int i, nb_id;
> +
> +	if (boot_cpu_data.x86_max_cores < 2)
> +		return;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * function may be called too early in the
> +	 * boot process, in which case nb_id is bogus
> +	 *
> +	 * for BSP, there is an explicit call from
> +	 * amd_pmu_init()
> +	 */
> +	nb_id = amd_get_nb_id(cpu);
> +	if (nb_id == BAD_APICID)
> +		return;
> +
> +	cpu1 = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_events, cpu);
> +	cpu1->amd_nb = NULL;
> +
> +	raw_spin_lock(&amd_nb_lock);
> +
> +	for_each_online_cpu(i) {
> +		cpu2 = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_events, i);
> +		nb = cpu2->amd_nb;
> +		if (!nb)
> +			continue;
> +		if (nb->nb_id == nb_id)
> +			goto found;
> +	}
> +
> +	nb = amd_alloc_nb(cpu, nb_id);
> +	if (!nb) {
> +		pr_err("perf_events: failed to allocate NB storage for
> CPU%d\n", cpu);
> +		raw_spin_unlock(&amd_nb_lock);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +found:
> +	nb->refcnt++;
> +	cpu1->amd_nb = nb;
> +
> +	raw_spin_unlock(&amd_nb_lock);
> +
> +	pr_info("CPU%d NB%d ref=%d\n", cpu, nb_id, nb->refcnt);
> +}
> +
> +static void amd_pmu_cpu_offline(int cpu)
> +{
> +	struct cpu_hw_events *cpuhw;
> +
> +	if (boot_cpu_data.x86_max_cores < 2)
> +		return;
> +
> +	cpuhw = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_events, cpu);
> +
> +	raw_spin_lock(&amd_nb_lock);
> +
> +	if (--cpuhw->amd_nb->refcnt == 0)
> +		vfree(cpuhw->amd_nb);
> +
> +	cpuhw->amd_nb = NULL;
> +
> +	raw_spin_unlock(&amd_nb_lock);
> +}
> +
>  static __init int amd_pmu_init(void)
>  {
>  	/* Performance-monitoring supported from K7 and later: */
> @@ -2513,6 +2736,8 @@ static __init int amd_pmu_init(void)
>  	memcpy(hw_cache_event_ids, amd_hw_cache_event_ids,
>  	       sizeof(hw_cache_event_ids));
> 
> +	/* initialize BSP */
> +	amd_pmu_cpu_online(smp_processor_id());
>  	return 0;
>  }
> 
> @@ -2842,4 +3067,25 @@ struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain(struct
> pt_regs *regs)
>  void hw_perf_event_setup_online(int cpu)
>  {
>  	init_debug_store_on_cpu(cpu);
> +
> +	switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
> +	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
> +		amd_pmu_cpu_online(cpu);
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		return;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +void hw_perf_event_setup_offline(int cpu)
> +{
> +	init_debug_store_on_cpu(cpu);
> +
> +	switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
> +	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
> +		amd_pmu_cpu_offline(cpu);
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		return;
> +	}
>  }
> diff --git a/kernel/perf_event.c b/kernel/perf_event.c
> index 27f69a0..20f212e 100644
> --- a/kernel/perf_event.c
> +++ b/kernel/perf_event.c
> @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ void __weak hw_perf_enable(void)		{ barrier();
}
> 
>  void __weak hw_perf_event_setup(int cpu)	{ barrier(); }
>  void __weak hw_perf_event_setup_online(int cpu)	{ barrier(); }
> +void __weak hw_perf_event_setup_offline(int cpu){ barrier(); }
> 
>  int __weak
>  hw_perf_group_sched_in(struct perf_event *group_leader,
> @@ -5251,6 +5252,10 @@ perf_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
> unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
>  		perf_event_exit_cpu(cpu);
>  		break;
> 
> +        case CPU_DEAD:
> +                hw_perf_event_setup_offline(cpu);
> +                break;
> +
>  	default:
>  		break;
>  	}
> 
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