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Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2010 22:45:10 -0700
From: Divyesh Shah <dpshah@...gle.com>
To: jens.axboe@...cle.com
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, nauman@...gle.com, rickyb@...gle.com
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] block: Add disk performance histograms which can be read
from sysfs and cleared upon writing.
Signed-off-by: Divyesh Shah <dpshah@...gle.com>
From: Edward Falk <efalk@...gle.com>
---
block/Kconfig | 26 +++++
block/blk-core.c | 1
block/genhd.c | 270 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
fs/partitions/check.c | 16 +++
include/linux/blkdev.h | 4 -
include/linux/genhd.h | 48 +++++++++
include/linux/time.h | 5 +
7 files changed, 368 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/block/Kconfig b/block/Kconfig
index f9e89f4..b62fe49 100644
--- a/block/Kconfig
+++ b/block/Kconfig
@@ -100,6 +100,32 @@ config DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP
in the blk group which can be used by cfq for tracing various
group related activity.
+config BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ bool "Performance histogram data"
+ default n
+ ---help---
+ This option causes block devices to collect statistics on transfer
+ sizes and times. Useful for performance-tuning a system. Creates
+ entries in /sysfs/block/.
+
+ If you are unsure, say N here.
+
+config HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS
+ int "Number of size buckets in histogram"
+ depends on BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ default "10"
+ ---help---
+ This option controls how many buckets are used to collect
+ transfer size statistics.
+
+config HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS
+ int "Number of time buckets in histogram"
+ depends on BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ default "11"
+ ---help---
+ This option controls how many buckets are used to collect
+ transfer time statistics.
+
endif # BLOCK
config BLOCK_COMPAT
diff --git a/block/blk-core.c b/block/blk-core.c
index f18e7b7..6432b14 100644
--- a/block/blk-core.c
+++ b/block/blk-core.c
@@ -1744,6 +1744,7 @@ static void blk_account_io_done(struct request *req)
part_stat_inc(cpu, part, ios[rw]);
part_stat_add(cpu, part, ticks[rw], duration);
part_round_stats(cpu, part);
+ block_histogram_completion(cpu, part, req);
part_dec_in_flight(part, rw);
part_stat_unlock();
diff --git a/block/genhd.c b/block/genhd.c
index d13ba76..3666cf2 100644
--- a/block/genhd.c
+++ b/block/genhd.c
@@ -881,6 +881,16 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(discard_alignment, S_IRUGO, disk_discard_alignment_show,
static DEVICE_ATTR(capability, S_IRUGO, disk_capability_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(stat, S_IRUGO, part_stat_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(inflight, S_IRUGO, part_inflight_show, NULL);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+static DEVICE_ATTR(read_request_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_read_request_histo_show, part_read_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(read_dma_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, part_read_dma_histo_show,
+ part_read_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(write_request_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_write_request_histo_show, part_write_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(write_dma_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_write_dma_histo_show, part_write_histo_clear);
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail =
__ATTR(make-it-fail, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_fail_show, part_fail_store);
@@ -902,6 +912,12 @@ static struct attribute *disk_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_capability.attr,
&dev_attr_stat.attr,
&dev_attr_inflight.attr,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ &dev_attr_read_request_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_read_dma_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_write_request_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_write_dma_histo.attr,
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
&dev_attr_fail.attr,
#endif
@@ -1286,3 +1302,257 @@ int invalidate_partition(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(invalidate_partition);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+/*
+ * Clear one per-cpu instance of a particular I/O histogram. This should always
+ * be called between part_stat_lock() and part_stat_unklock() calls.
+ */
+static inline void __block_part_histogram_reset(struct disk_stats *stats,
+ int direction)
+{
+ if (direction == READ)
+ memset(&stats->rd_histo, 0, sizeof(stats->rd_histo));
+ else
+ memset(&stats->wr_histo, 0, sizeof(stats->wr_histo));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear the I/O histogram for a given partition.
+ */
+static void block_part_histogram_reset(struct hd_struct *part, int direction)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+ int i;
+
+ part_stat_lock();
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+ if (cpu_possible(i))
+ __block_part_histogram_reset(per_cpu_ptr(part->dkstats,
+ i), direction);
+ }
+#else
+ part_stat_lock();
+ __block_part_histogram_reset(&part.dkstats, direction);
+#endif
+ part_stat_unlock();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate though all partitions of the disk and clear the specified
+ * (read/write) histogram.
+ */
+static int block_disk_histogram_reset(struct hd_struct *part, int direction)
+{
+ struct disk_part_iter piter;
+ struct gendisk *disk = part_to_disk(part);
+ struct hd_struct *temp;
+
+ if (!disk)
+ return -ENODEV;
+
+ disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0);
+ while ((temp = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
+ block_part_histogram_reset(temp, direction);
+ disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Map transfer size to histogram bucket. Transfer sizes are exponentially
+ * increasing. For example: 4,8,16,... sectors.
+ */
+static inline int stats_size_bucket(sector_t sectors)
+{
+ int i;
+ /* To make sure bucket for x bytes captures all IOs <= x bytes. */
+ --sectors;
+ do_div(sectors, BASE_HISTO_SIZE);
+ if (sectors >= (1 << (CONFIG_HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS - 2)))
+ return CONFIG_HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS - 1;
+
+ for (i = 0; sectors > 0; ++i, sectors /= 2)
+ ;
+ return i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Map transfer time to histogram bucket. This also uses an exponential
+ * increment, but we like the 1,2,5,10,20,50 progression.
+ */
+static inline int stats_time_bucket(int jiffies)
+{
+ int i;
+ int ms = msecs_to_jiffies(jiffies);
+ int t = BASE_HISTO_TIME;
+
+ for (i = 0;; t *= 10) {
+ if (++i >= CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS || ms <= t)
+ return i - 1;
+ if (++i >= CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS || ms <= t*2)
+ return i - 1;
+ if (++i >= CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS || ms <= t*5)
+ return i - 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Log I/O completion, update histogram.
+ *
+ * @part: disk device partition
+ * @req: pointer to request
+ * @req_ms: time transfer required
+ * @dma_ms: time dma required
+ */
+static inline void __block_histogram_completion(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
+ struct request *req, unsigned int req_ms, unsigned int dma_ms)
+{
+ sector_t sectors = blk_rq_size(req);
+ int size_idx = stats_size_bucket(sectors);
+ int req_time_idx = stats_time_bucket(req_ms);
+ int dma_time_idx = stats_time_bucket(dma_ms);
+
+ if (!rq_data_dir(req))
+ part_stat_inc(cpu, part,
+ rd_histo[HISTO_REQUEST][size_idx][req_time_idx]);
+ else
+ part_stat_inc(cpu, part,
+ wr_histo[HISTO_REQUEST][size_idx][req_time_idx]);
+
+ if (!rq_data_dir(req))
+ part_stat_inc(cpu, part,
+ rd_histo[HISTO_DMA][size_idx][dma_time_idx]);
+ else
+ part_stat_inc(cpu, part,
+ wr_histo[HISTO_DMA][size_idx][dma_time_idx]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called after a dma interrupt. Should be called between part_stat_lock()
+ * and part_stat_unlock() calls.
+ * Note that for block devices with queue_depth > 1, the io_elapsed will not be
+ * accurate as it may include time spent in the disk queue due to re-ordering of
+ * requests by the disk.
+ */
+void block_histogram_completion(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
+ struct request *req)
+{
+ unsigned long long now = sched_clock();
+ uint64_t rq_elapsed = 0, io_elapsed = 0;
+
+ if (time_after64(now, rq_start_time_ns(req)))
+ rq_elapsed = now - rq_start_time_ns(req);
+ if (time_after64(now, rq_io_start_time_ns(req)))
+ io_elapsed = now - rq_io_start_time_ns(req);
+ __block_histogram_completion(cpu, part, req, nsecs_to_msecs(rq_elapsed),
+ nsecs_to_msecs(io_elapsed));
+}
+
+static uint64_t histo_stat_read(struct hd_struct *part, int direction,
+ int i, int j, int k)
+{
+ return (direction == READ) ? part_stat_read(part, rd_histo[i][j][k]) :
+ part_stat_read(part, wr_histo[i][j][k]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dumps the specified 'type' of histogram for part to out.
+ * The result must be less than PAGE_SIZE.
+ */
+static int dump_histo(struct hd_struct *part, int direction, int type,
+ char *page)
+{
+ ssize_t rem = PAGE_SIZE;
+ char *optr = page;
+ int i, j, len, ms, size = BASE_HISTO_SIZE * 512;
+ static const int mults[3] = {1, 2, 5};
+
+ /*
+ * Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt strongly discourages the use of
+ * any kind of fancy formatting here. We *are* emitting an array, so
+ * there needs to be some amount of formatting.
+ */
+
+ /* Row header */
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, " ");
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+ for (i = 0, ms = BASE_HISTO_TIME; i < CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS;
+ ms *= 10) {
+ for (j = 0; j < 3 && i < CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS; ++j, ++i) {
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, "\t%d", ms * mults[j]);
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+ }
+ }
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, "\n");
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+
+ /* Payload */
+ for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS; i++, size *= 2) {
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, "%7d", size);
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+ for (j = 0; j < CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS; j++) {
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, "\t%llu",
+ histo_stat_read(part, direction, type, i, j));
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+ }
+ len = snprintf(page, rem, "\n");
+ page += len;
+ rem -= len;
+ }
+ return page - optr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * sysfs show() methods for the four histogram channels.
+ */
+ssize_t part_read_request_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page)
+{
+ return dump_histo(dev_to_part(dev), READ, HISTO_REQUEST, page);
+}
+
+ssize_t part_read_dma_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page)
+{
+ return dump_histo(dev_to_part(dev), READ, HISTO_DMA, page);
+}
+
+ssize_t part_write_request_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page)
+{
+ return dump_histo(dev_to_part(dev), WRITE, HISTO_REQUEST, page);
+}
+
+ssize_t part_write_dma_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page)
+{
+ return dump_histo(dev_to_part(dev), WRITE, HISTO_DMA, page);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reinitializes the read histograms to 0.
+ */
+ssize_t part_read_histo_clear(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *page, size_t count)
+{
+ /* Ignore the data, just clear the histogram */
+ int retval = block_disk_histogram_reset(dev_to_part(dev), READ);
+ return (retval == 0 ? count : retval);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reinitializes the write histograms to 0.
+ */
+ssize_t part_write_histo_clear(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *page, size_t count)
+{
+ int retval = block_disk_histogram_reset(dev_to_part(dev), WRITE);
+ return (retval == 0 ? count : retval);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/partitions/check.c b/fs/partitions/check.c
index e238ab2..e0044d4 100644
--- a/fs/partitions/check.c
+++ b/fs/partitions/check.c
@@ -300,6 +300,16 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(discard_alignment, S_IRUGO, part_discard_alignment_show,
NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(stat, S_IRUGO, part_stat_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(inflight, S_IRUGO, part_inflight_show, NULL);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+static DEVICE_ATTR(read_request_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_read_request_histo_show, part_read_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(read_dma_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, part_read_dma_histo_show,
+ part_read_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(write_request_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_write_request_histo_show, part_write_histo_clear);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(write_dma_histo, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ part_write_dma_histo_show, part_write_histo_clear);
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail =
__ATTR(make-it-fail, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_fail_show, part_fail_store);
@@ -313,6 +323,12 @@ static struct attribute *part_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_discard_alignment.attr,
&dev_attr_stat.attr,
&dev_attr_inflight.attr,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ &dev_attr_read_request_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_read_dma_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_write_request_histo.attr,
+ &dev_attr_write_dma_histo.attr,
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
&dev_attr_fail.attr,
#endif
diff --git a/include/linux/blkdev.h b/include/linux/blkdev.h
index 4cc2cdf..2e5e083 100644
--- a/include/linux/blkdev.h
+++ b/include/linux/blkdev.h
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ struct request {
struct gendisk *rq_disk;
unsigned long start_time;
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP
+#if defined(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP) || defined(CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM)
unsigned long long start_time_ns;
unsigned long long io_start_time_ns; /* when passed to hardware */
#endif
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ static inline void put_dev_sector(Sector p)
struct work_struct;
int kblockd_schedule_work(struct request_queue *q, struct work_struct *work);
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP
+#if defined(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP) || defined(CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM)
static inline void set_start_time_ns(struct request *req)
{
req->start_time_ns = sched_clock();
diff --git a/include/linux/genhd.h b/include/linux/genhd.h
index 5f2f4c4..7406533 100644
--- a/include/linux/genhd.h
+++ b/include/linux/genhd.h
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ enum {
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+struct request;
+
struct partition {
unsigned char boot_ind; /* 0x80 - active */
unsigned char head; /* starting head */
@@ -78,6 +80,13 @@ struct partition {
__le32 nr_sects; /* nr of sectors in partition */
} __attribute__((packed));
+#define BASE_HISTO_SIZE 4 /* smallest transfer size, sectors */
+#define BASE_HISTO_TIME 10 /* shortest transfer time, ms */
+
+/* Index into the histo arrays */
+#define HISTO_REQUEST 0
+#define HISTO_DMA 1
+
struct disk_stats {
unsigned long sectors[2]; /* READs and WRITEs */
unsigned long ios[2];
@@ -85,6 +94,23 @@ struct disk_stats {
unsigned long ticks[2];
unsigned long io_ticks;
unsigned long time_in_queue;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+ /*
+ * Implement 2-variable histograms, with transfers tracked by transfer
+ * size and completion time. The sysfs files are
+ * /sys/block/DEV/PART/read_request_histo,
+ * /sys/block/DEV/PART/write_request_histo,
+ * /sys/block/DEV/PART/read_dma_histo,
+ * /sys/block/DEV/PART/write_dma_histo and the
+ * /sys/block/DEV counterparts.
+ *
+ * The *request_histo files measure time from when the request is first
+ * submitted into the reuqest queue. The *dma_histo files measure time
+ * from when the request is dispatched from the queue to the device.
+ */
+ uint64_t rd_histo[2][CONFIG_HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS][CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS];
+ uint64_t wr_histo[2][CONFIG_HISTO_SIZE_BUCKETS][CONFIG_HISTO_TIME_BUCKETS];
+#endif
};
struct hd_struct {
@@ -360,6 +386,28 @@ static inline int get_disk_ro(struct gendisk *disk)
return disk->part0.policy;
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HISTOGRAM
+extern void block_histogram_completion(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
+ struct request *req);
+extern ssize_t part_read_request_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page);
+extern ssize_t part_read_dma_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page);
+extern ssize_t part_write_request_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page);
+extern ssize_t part_write_dma_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page);
+extern ssize_t part_write_dma_histo_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *page);
+extern ssize_t part_read_histo_clear(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *page, size_t count);
+extern ssize_t part_write_histo_clear(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *page, size_t count);
+#else
+static inline void block_histogram_completion(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
+ struct request *req) {}
+#endif
+
/* drivers/char/random.c */
extern void add_disk_randomness(struct gendisk *disk);
extern void rand_initialize_disk(struct gendisk *disk);
diff --git a/include/linux/time.h b/include/linux/time.h
index 6e026e4..fa1b9de 100644
--- a/include/linux/time.h
+++ b/include/linux/time.h
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ extern struct timezone sys_tz;
#define TIME_T_MAX (time_t)((1UL << ((sizeof(time_t) << 3) - 1)) - 1)
+static inline unsigned int nsecs_to_msecs(uint64_t ns)
+{
+ return ns / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
+}
+
static inline int timespec_equal(const struct timespec *a,
const struct timespec *b)
{
--
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