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Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2010 15:07:11 +0100
From: David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>
To: torvalds@...l.org, mingo@...e.hu, tglx@...utronix.de,
matthew@....cx, arjan@...radead.org
Cc: linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Optimise get_order() [ver #2]
Optimise get_order() to use bit scanning instructions if such exist rather than
a loop. Also, make it possible to use get_order() in static initialisations
too by building it on top of ilog2() in the constant parameter case.
This has been tested for i386 and x86_64 using the following userspace program,
and for FRV by making appropriate substitutions for fls() and fls64(). It will
abort if the case for get_order() deviates from the original except for the
order of 0, for which get_order() produces an undefined result. This program
tests both dynamic and static parameters.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef __x86_64__
#define BITS_PER_LONG 64
#else
#define BITS_PER_LONG 32
#endif
#define PAGE_SHIFT 12
typedef unsigned long long __u64, u64;
typedef unsigned int __u32, u32;
#define noinline __attribute__((noinline))
static inline int fls(int x)
{
int bitpos = -1;
asm("bsrl %1,%0"
: "+r" (bitpos)
: "rm" (x));
return bitpos + 1;
}
static __always_inline int fls64(__u64 x)
{
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
long bitpos = -1;
asm("bsrq %1,%0"
: "+r" (bitpos)
: "rm" (x));
return bitpos + 1;
#else
__u32 h = x >> 32, l = x;
int bitpos = -1;
asm("bsrl %1,%0 \n"
"subl %2,%0 \n"
"bsrl %3,%0 \n"
: "+r" (bitpos)
: "rm" (l), "i"(32), "rm" (h));
return bitpos + 33;
#endif
}
static inline __attribute__((const))
int __ilog2_u32(u32 n)
{
return fls(n) - 1;
}
static inline __attribute__((const))
int __ilog2_u64(u64 n)
{
return fls64(n) - 1;
}
extern __attribute__((const, noreturn))
int ____ilog2_NaN(void);
#define ilog2(n) \
( \
__builtin_constant_p(n) ? ( \
(n) < 1 ? ____ilog2_NaN() : \
(n) & (1ULL << 63) ? 63 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 62) ? 62 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 61) ? 61 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 60) ? 60 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 59) ? 59 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 58) ? 58 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 57) ? 57 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 56) ? 56 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 55) ? 55 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 54) ? 54 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 53) ? 53 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 52) ? 52 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 51) ? 51 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 50) ? 50 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 49) ? 49 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 48) ? 48 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 47) ? 47 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 46) ? 46 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 45) ? 45 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 44) ? 44 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 43) ? 43 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 42) ? 42 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 41) ? 41 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 40) ? 40 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 39) ? 39 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 38) ? 38 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 37) ? 37 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 36) ? 36 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 35) ? 35 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 34) ? 34 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 33) ? 33 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 32) ? 32 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 31) ? 31 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 30) ? 30 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 29) ? 29 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 28) ? 28 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 27) ? 27 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 26) ? 26 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 25) ? 25 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 24) ? 24 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 23) ? 23 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 22) ? 22 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 21) ? 21 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 20) ? 20 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 19) ? 19 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 18) ? 18 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 17) ? 17 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 16) ? 16 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 15) ? 15 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 14) ? 14 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 13) ? 13 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 12) ? 12 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 11) ? 11 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 10) ? 10 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 9) ? 9 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 8) ? 8 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 7) ? 7 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 6) ? 6 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 5) ? 5 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 4) ? 4 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 3) ? 3 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 2) ? 2 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 1) ? 1 : \
(n) & (1ULL << 0) ? 0 : \
____ilog2_NaN() \
) : \
(sizeof(n) <= 4) ? \
__ilog2_u32(n) : \
__ilog2_u64(n) \
)
static noinline __attribute__((const))
int old_get_order(unsigned long size)
{
int order;
size = (size - 1) >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 1);
order = -1;
do {
size >>= 1;
order++;
} while (size);
return order;
}
static noinline __attribute__((const))
int __get_order(unsigned long size)
{
int order;
size--;
size >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
order = fls(size);
#else
order = fls64(size);
#endif
return order;
}
#define get_order(n) \
( \
__builtin_constant_p(n) ? ( \
(n == 0UL) ? BITS_PER_LONG - PAGE_SHIFT : \
((n < (1UL << PAGE_SHIFT)) ? 0 : \
ilog2((n) - 1) - PAGE_SHIFT + 1) \
) : \
__get_order(n) \
)
#define order(N) \
{ (1UL << N) - 1, get_order((1UL << N) - 1) }, \
{ (1UL << N), get_order((1UL << N)) }, \
{ (1UL << N) + 1, get_order((1UL << N) + 1) }
struct order {
unsigned long n, order;
};
static const struct order order_table[] = {
order(0),
order(1),
order(2),
order(3),
order(4),
order(5),
order(6),
order(7),
order(8),
order(9),
order(10),
order(11),
order(12),
order(13),
order(14),
order(15),
order(16),
order(17),
order(18),
order(19),
order(20),
order(21),
order(22),
order(23),
order(24),
order(25),
order(26),
order(27),
order(28),
order(29),
order(30),
order(31),
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
order(32),
order(33),
order(34),
order(35),
#endif
{ 0x2929 }
};
void check(int loop, unsigned long n)
{
unsigned long old, new;
printf("[%2d]: %09lx | ", loop, n);
old = old_get_order(n);
new = get_order(n);
printf("%3ld, %3ld\n", old, new);
if (n != 0 && old != new)
abort();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
const struct order *p;
unsigned long n;
int loop;
for (loop = 0; loop <= BITS_PER_LONG - 1; loop++) {
n = 1UL << loop;
check(loop, n - 1);
check(loop, n);
check(loop, n + 1);
}
for (p = order_table; p->n != 0x2929; p++) {
unsigned long old, new;
old = old_get_order(p->n);
new = p->order;
printf("%09lx\t%3ld, %3ld\n", p->n, old, new);
if (p->n != 0 && old != new)
abort();
}
return 0;
}
Disassembling the x86_64 version of the above code shows:
0000000000400510 <old_get_order>:
400510: 48 83 ef 01 sub $0x1,%rdi
400514: b8 ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%eax
400519: 48 c1 ef 0b shr $0xb,%rdi
40051d: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax)
400520: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
400523: 48 d1 ef shr %rdi
400526: 75 f8 jne 400520 <old_get_order+0x10>
400528: f3 c3 repz retq
40052a: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0000000000400530 <__get_order>:
400530: 48 83 ef 01 sub $0x1,%rdi
400534: 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffffffffffff,%rax
40053b: 48 c1 ef 0c shr $0xc,%rdi
40053f: 48 0f bd c7 bsr %rdi,%rax
400543: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
400546: c3 retq
400547: 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
40054e: 00 00
As can be seen, the new __get_order() function is simpler than the
old_get_order() function.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>
---
include/asm-generic/getorder.h | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
1 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/getorder.h b/include/asm-generic/getorder.h
index 76e9687..e0fb4bf 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/getorder.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/getorder.h
@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
+
+/*
+ * Runtime evaluation of get_order()
+ */
+static inline __attribute_const__
+int __get_order(unsigned long size)
+{
+ int order;
+
+ size--;
+ size >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+ order = fls(size);
+#else
+ order = fls64(size);
+#endif
+ return order;
+}
/**
* get_order - Determine the allocation order of a memory size
@@ -27,18 +46,15 @@
* This function may be used to initialise variables with compile time
* evaluations of constants.
*/
-static inline __attribute_const__ int get_order(unsigned long size)
-{
- int order;
-
- size = (size - 1) >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 1);
- order = -1;
- do {
- size >>= 1;
- order++;
- } while (size);
- return order;
-}
+#define get_order(n) \
+( \
+ __builtin_constant_p(n) ? ( \
+ (n == 0UL) ? BITS_PER_LONG - PAGE_SHIFT : \
+ ((n < (1UL << PAGE_SHIFT)) ? 0 : \
+ ilog2((n) - 1) - PAGE_SHIFT + 1) \
+ ) : \
+ __get_order(n) \
+)
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
--
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