linux-kernel - Re: Btrfs: broken file system design (was Unbound(?) internal fragmentation in Btrfs)

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Date:	Fri, 18 Jun 2010 17:05:46 +0200
From:	Edward Shishkin <edward.shishkin@...il.com>
To:	Chris Mason <chris.mason@...cle.com>,
	Edward Shishkin <edward.shishkin@...il.com>,
	Mat <jackdachef@...il.com>, LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, Ric Wheeler <rwheeler@...hat.com>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	The development of BTRFS <linux-btrfs@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: Btrfs: broken file system design (was Unbound(?) internal fragmentation
 in Btrfs)

Chris Mason wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 18, 2010 at 03:32:16PM +0200, Edward Shishkin wrote:
>   
>> Mat wrote:
>>     
>>> On Thu, Jun 3, 2010 at 4:58 PM, Edward Shishkin <edward@...hat.com> wrote:
>>>       
>>>> Hello everyone.
>>>>
>>>> I was asked to review/evaluate Btrfs for using in enterprise
>>>> systems and the below are my first impressions (linux-2.6.33).
>>>>
>>>> The first test I have made was filling an empty 659M (/dev/sdb2)
>>>> btrfs partition (mounted to /mnt) with 2K files:
>>>>
>>>> # for i in $(seq 1000000); \
>>>> do dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file_$i bs=2048 count=1; done
>>>> (terminated after getting "No space left on device" reports).
>>>>
>>>> # ls /mnt | wc -l
>>>> 59480
>>>>
>>>> So, I got the "dirty" utilization 59480*2048 / (659*1024*1024) = 0.17,
>>>> and the first obvious question is "hey, where are other 83% of my
>>>> disk space???" I looked at the btrfs storage tree (fs_tree) and was
>>>> shocked with the situation on the leaf level. The Appendix B shows
>>>> 5 adjacent btrfs leafs, which have the same parent.
>>>>
>>>> For example, look at the leaf 29425664: "items 1 free space 3892"
>>>> (of 4096!!). Note, that this "free" space (3892) is _dead_: any
>>>> attempts to write to the file system will result in "No space left
>>>> on device".
>>>>         
>
> There are two easy ways to fix this problem.  Turn off the inline
> extents (max_inline=0) or allow splitting of the inline extents.  I
> didn't put in the splitting simply because the complexity was high while
> the benefits were low (in comparison with just turning off the inline
> extents).
>   

Hello, Chris. Thanks for response!
I afraid that both ways won't fix the problem. Look at this leaf:

[...]
leaf 29425664 items 1 free space 3892 generation 8 owner 5
fs uuid 50268d9d-2a53-4f4d-b3a3-4fbff74dd956
chunk uuid 963ba49a-bb2b-48a3-9b35-520d857aade6
        item 0 key (320 XATTR_ITEM 3817753667) itemoff 3917 itemsize 78
                location key (0 UNKNOWN 0) type 8
                namelen 16 datalen 32 name: security.selinux
[...]

There is no inline extents, and what are you going to split here?
All leafs must be at least a half filled, otherwise we loose all
boundaries, which provides non-zero utilization..

Any ideas?

Thanks,
Edward.

>   
>> It must be a highly unexpected and difficult question for file system
>> developers: "how efficiently does your file system manage disk space"?
>>
>> In the meanwhile I confirm that Btrfs design is completely broken:
>> records stored in the B-tree differ greatly from each other (it is
>> unacceptable!), and the balancing algorithms have been modified in
>> insane manner. All these factors has led to loss of *all* boundaries
>> holding internal fragmentation and to exhaustive waste of disk space
>> (and memory!) in spite of the property "scaling in their ability to
>> address large storage".
>>
>> This is not a large storage, this is a "scalable sieve": you can not
>> rely on finding there some given amount of water even after infinite
>> increasing the size of the sieve (read escalating the pool of Btrfs
>> devices).
>>
>> It seems that nobody have reviewed Btrfs before its inclusion to the
>> mainline. I have only found a pair of recommendations with a common
>> idea that Btrfs maintainer is "not a crazy man". Plus a number of
>> papers which admire with the "Btrfs phenomena". Sigh.
>>
>> Well, let's decide what can we do in current situation..
>> The first obvious point here is that we *can not* put such file system
>> to production. Just because it doesn't provide any guarantees for our
>> users regarding disk space utilization.
>>     
>
> Are you basing all of this on inline extents?  The other extents of
> variable size are more flexible (taking up the room in the leaf), but
> they can also easy be split during balancing.
>
> -chris
>
>   

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