Date:	Thu, 29 Jul 2010 04:50:41 +0200
From:	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>
To:	Ian Munsie <imunsie@....ibm.com>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Li Zefan <lizf@...fujitsu.com>,
	Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...hat.com>,
	Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...hat.com>, Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] ftrace: record command lines at more appropriate
	moment

On Wed, Jul 28, 2010 at 10:16:49PM +1000, Ian Munsie wrote:
> From: Ian Munsie <imunsie@....ibm.com>
> 
> Previously, when tracing was activated through debugfs, regardless of
> which tracing plugin (if any) were activated, the probe_sched_switch and
> probe_sched_wakeup probes from the sched_switch plugin would be
> activated. This appears to have been a hack to use them to record the
> command lines of active processes as they were scheduled.
> 
> That approach would suffer if many processes were being scheduled that
> were not generating events as they would consume entries in the
> saved_cmdlines buffer that could otherwise have been used by other
> processes that were actually generating events.
> 
> It also had the problem that events could be mis-attributed - in the
> common situation of a process forking then execing a new process, the
> change of the process command would not be noticed for some time after
> the exec until the process was next scheduled.
> 
> If the trace was read after the fact this would generally go unnoticed
> because at some point the process would be scheduled and the entry in
> the saved_cmdlines buffer would be updated so that the new command would
> be reported when the trace was eventually read. However, if the events
> were being read live (e.g. through trace_pipe), the events just after
> the exec and before the process was next scheduled would show the
> incorrect command (though the PID would be correct).
> 
> This patch removes the sched_switch hack altogether and instead records
> the commands at a more appropriate moment - when a new trace event is
> committed onto the ftrace ring buffer. This means that the recorded
> command line is much more likely to be correct when the trace is read,
> either live or after the fact, so long as the command line still resides
> in the saved_cmdlines buffer.
> 
> It is still not guaranteed to be correct in all situations. For instance
> if the trace is read after the fact rather than live (consider events
> generated by a process before an exec - in the below example they would
> be attributed to sleep rather than stealpid since the entry in
> saved_cmdlines would have changed before the event was read), but this
> is no different to the current situation and the alternative would be to
> store the command line with each and every event.
> 
> terminal 1: grep '\-12345' /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe
> terminal 2: ./stealpid 12345 `which sleep` 0.1
> 
> Before:
>         stealpid-12345 [003]    86.001826: sys_clone -> 0x0
>         stealpid-12345 [003]    86.002013: compat_sys_execve(ufilename: ffaaabef, argv: ffaaa7ec, envp: ffaaa7f8)
>         stealpid-12345 [002]    86.002292: sys_restart_syscall -> 0x0
>         stealpid-12345 [002]    86.002336: sys_brk(brk: 0)
>         stealpid-12345 [002]    86.002338: sys_brk -> 0x1007a000
>         ...
>         stealpid-12345 [002]    86.002582: sys_mmap(addr: 0, len: 1000, prot: 3, flags: 22, fd: ffffffff, offset: 0)
>         stealpid-12345 [002]    86.002586: sys_mmap -> 0xf7c21000
>            sleep-12345 [002]    86.002771: sys_mprotect(start: ffe8000, len: 4000, prot: 1)
>            sleep-12345 [002]    86.002780: sys_mprotect -> 0x0
>            ...
> 
> After:
>         stealpid-12345 [003]  1368.823626: sys_clone -> 0x0
>         stealpid-12345 [003]  1368.823820: compat_sys_execve(ufilename: fffa6bef, argv: fffa5afc, envp: fffa5b08)
>            sleep-12345 [002]  1368.824125: sys_restart_syscall -> 0x0
>            sleep-12345 [002]  1368.824173: sys_brk(brk: 0)
>            sleep-12345 [002]  1368.824175: sys_brk -> 0x104ae000
>            ...
> 
> Signed-off-by: Ian Munsie <imunsie@....ibm.com>




So, in fact we can't do this. There is a strong reason that makes us maintaining
the cmdline resolution on sched switch rather than on tracing time: for
performances and scalability.

Look at what does tracing_record_cmdline():

- it's one more call
- it checks a lot of conditions
- takes a spinlock (gives up if already in use, but that's still bad for the cache
  in a tracing path)
- deref a shared hashlist
...


Currently that is made on sched switch time, which means quite often.
Now imagine you turn on the function tracer: this is going to happen
for _every_ function called in the kernel. There is going to be a lot
of cache ping pong between CPUs due to the spinlock for example, for
every function this is clearly unacceptable (it would be twice per
function with the function graph tracer).

And still there are also all the things with the hashlist deref, the checks,
etc...

It's not only the function tracers. The lock events will also show you very
bad results. Same if you enable all the others together.


Better have a new call to tracing_record_cmdline() made from the fork
and exec tracepoints to solve this problem.
But still, that only solves the lazy update and not all the problems
you've listed in this changelog.

In fact cmdline tracking would grow in complexity in the kernel if we had
to make it correctly. Ideally:

* dump every tasks when we start tracing, and map their cmdlines
* do the pid mapping per time interval. Keys in the hlist must be
  pid/start_time:end_time, not only pid anymore.
* map new cmdlines from fork and exec events. If exec, we must open
  a new entry for our pid, closing noting end_time of this previous
  pid entry and open a new start_time for the new entry.


And this would be way much more efficient than the sched_switch based
thing we have. More efficient in terms of performance and per timeslice
granularity.

That's the kind of thing we'd better do from userspace, for tools like
perf tools or trace-cmd. And perf tools do, partially (no time
granularity yet).

But still, in-kernel made cmdline resolution is cool to have on
some circumstances, especially on ascii tracing and dump. But
for that I think we should just don't care further and keep this
basic and non-perfect cmdline tracking, sufficient for most uses.

In fact we could fix it by dumping the tasks comm from tasklist
and hook on the fork and exec events, rather than sched switch.
It would be better for performances, and then appreciated.

But for those who want an advanced comm resolution, I mean something
that takes the timeslices into account, I think switching to
userspace tools is a better direction. In fact they need enhancing
in this regard.

Thanks.

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