Message-Id: <20110415115903.315DEAA1@pobox.sk>
Date:	Fri, 15 Apr 2011 11:59:03 +0200
From:	"azurIt" <azurit@...ox.sk>
To:	"Mel Gorman" <mel@....ul.ie>,
	"Andrew Morton" <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:	"Eric Dumazet" <eric.dumazet@...il.com>,
	"Changli Gao" <xiaosuo@...il.com>,
	"Am?rico Wang" <xiyou.wangcong@...il.com>,
	"Jiri Slaby" <jslaby@...e.cz>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	<linux-mm@...ck.org>, <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
	"Jiri Slaby" <jirislaby@...il.com>
Subject: Re: Regression from 2.6.36


Also this new patch is working fine and fixing the problem.

Mel, I cannot run your script:
# perl watch-highorder-latency.pl
Failed to open /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter for writing at watch-highorder-latency.pl line 17.

# ls -ld /sys/kernel/debug/
ls: cannot access /sys/kernel/debug/: No such file or directory


azur

______________________________________________________________
> Od: "Mel Gorman" <mel@....ul.ie>
> Komu: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
> Dátum: 14.04.2011 12:25
> Predmet: Re: Regression from 2.6.36
>
> CC: "Eric Dumazet" <eric.dumazet@...il.com>, "Changli Gao" <xiaosuo@...il.com>, "Am?rico Wang" <xiyou.wangcong@...il.com>, "Jiri Slaby" <jslaby@...e.cz>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, "Jiri Slaby" <jirislaby@...il.com>
>On Wed, Apr 13, 2011 at 02:16:00PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
>> On Wed, 13 Apr 2011 04:37:36 +0200
>> Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@...il.com> wrote:
>> 
>> > Le mardi 12 avril 2011 __ 18:31 -0700, Andrew Morton a __crit :
>> > > On Wed, 13 Apr 2011 09:23:11 +0800 Changli Gao <xiaosuo@...il.com> wrote:
>> > > 
>> > > > On Wed, Apr 13, 2011 at 6:49 AM, Andrew Morton
>> > > > <akpm@...ux-foundation.org> wrote:
>> > > > >
>> > > > > It's somewhat unclear (to me) what caused this regression.
>> > > > >
>> > > > > Is it because the kernel is now doing large kmalloc()s for the fdtable,
>> > > > > and this makes the page allocator go nuts trying to satisfy high-order
>> > > > > page allocation requests?
>> > > > >
>> > > > > Is it because the kernel now will usually free the fdtable
>> > > > > synchronously within the rcu callback, rather than deferring this to a
>> > > > > workqueue?
>> > > > >
>> > > > > The latter seems unlikely, so I'm thinking this was a case of
>> > > > > high-order-allocations-considered-harmful?
>> > > > >
>> > > > 
>> > > > Maybe, but I am not sure. Maybe my patch causes too many inner
>> > > > fragments. For example, when asking for 5 pages, get 8 pages, and 3
>> > > > pages are wasted, then memory thrash happens finally.
>> > > 
>> > > That theory sounds less likely, but could be tested by using
>> > > alloc_pages_exact().
>> > > 
>> > 
>> > Very unlikely, since fdtable sizes are powers of two, unless you hit
>> > sysctl_nr_open and it was changed (default value being 2^20)
>> > 
>> 
>> So am I correct in believing that this regression is due to the
>> high-order allocations putting excess stress onto page reclaim?
>> 
>
>This is very plausible but it would be nice to get confirmation on
>what the size of the fdtable was to be sure. If it's big enough for
>high-order allocations and it's a fork-heavy workload with memory
>mostly in use, the fork() latencies could be getting very high. In
>addition, each fork is potentially kicking kswapd awake (to rebalance
>the zone for higher orders). I do not see CONFIG_COMPACTION enabled
>meaning that if I'm right in that kswapd is awake and fork() is
>entering direct reclaim, then we are lumpy reclaiming as well which
>can stall pretty severely.
>
>> If so, then how large _are_ these allocations?  This perhaps can be
>> determined from /proc/slabinfo.  They must be pretty huge, because slub
>> likes to do excessively-large allocations and the system handles that
>> reasonably well.
>> 
>
>I'd be interested in finding out the value of /proc/sys/fs/file-max and
>the output of ulimit -n (max open files) for the main server is. This
>should help us determine what the size of the fdtable is.
>
>> I suppose that a suitable fix would be
>> 
>> 
>> From: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
>> 
>> Azurit reports large increases in system time after 2.6.36 when running
>> Apache.  It was bisected down to a892e2d7dcdfa6c76e6 ("vfs: use kmalloc()
>> to allocate fdmem if possible").
>> 
>> That patch caused the vfs to use kmalloc() for very large allocations and
>> this is causing excessive work (and presumably excessive reclaim) within
>> the page allocator.
>> 
>> Fix it by falling back to vmalloc() earlier - when the allocation attempt
>> would have been considered "costly" by reclaim.
>> 
>> Reported-by: azurIt <azurit@...ox.sk>
>> Cc: Changli Gao <xiaosuo@...il.com>
>> Cc: Americo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@...il.com>
>> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@...e.cz>
>> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@...il.com>
>> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@....ul.ie>
>> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
>> ---
>> 
>>  fs/file.c |   17 ++++++++++-------
>>  1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>> 
>> diff -puN fs/file.c~a fs/file.c
>> --- a/fs/file.c~a
>> +++ a/fs/file.c
>> @@ -39,14 +39,17 @@ int sysctl_nr_open_max = 1024 * 1024; /*
>>   */
>>  static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct fdtable_defer, fdtable_defer_list);
>>  
>> -static inline void *alloc_fdmem(unsigned int size)
>> +static void *alloc_fdmem(unsigned int size)
>>  {
>> -	void *data;
>> -
>> -	data = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN);
>> -	if (data != NULL)
>> -		return data;
>> -
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Very large allocations can stress page reclaim, so fall back to
>> +	 * vmalloc() if the allocation size will be considered "large" by the VM.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (size <= (PAGE_SIZE << PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER) {
>
>The reporter will need to retest this is really ok. The patch that was
>reported to help avoided high-order allocations entirely. If fork-heavy
>workloads are really entering direct reclaim and increasing fork latency
>enough to ruin performance, then this patch will also suffer. How much
>it helps depends on how big fdtable.
>
>> +		void *data = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN);
>> +		if (data != NULL)
>> +			return data;
>> +	}
>>  	return vmalloc(size);
>>  }
>>  
>
>I'm attaching a primitive perl script that reports high-order allocation
>latencies. I'd be interesting to see what the output of it looks like,
>particularly when the server is in trouble if the bug reporter as the
>time.
>
>-- 
>Mel Gorman
>SUSE Labs
>
>
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