linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] New PT_GNU_COMPAT segment header extension

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Date:	Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:03:43 -0500 (EST)
From:	Ramon de C Valle <rcvalle@...hat.com>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] New PT_GNU_COMPAT segment header extension



> > Hi,
> > 
> > This is a brief example of the behavior of the system I use for
> > some
> > time
> > already. For an ELF binary with the PT_GNU_STACK segment header and
> > the PF_X
> > flag not set (i.e. the default), the following are its currently
> > virtual
> > memory mappings and their access permissions:
> > 
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$ cat /proc/2253/maps
> > 004e2000-004e3000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]
> > 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 fd:02 926785
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 fd:02 926785
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 495c9000-495e8000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e8000-495e9000 r--p 0001f000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e9000-495ea000 rw-p 00020000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495ec000-49774000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49774000-49776000 r--p 00188000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49776000-49777000 rw-p 0018a000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49777000-4977a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > b780c000-b780d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > b7824000-b7825000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > bfdc3000-bfde4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [stack]
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$
> > 
> > The following are its currently virtual memory mappings and their
> > access
> > permissions with the PT_GNU_STACK segment header and the PF_X flag
> > unset:
> 
> s/unset/set
> 
> > 
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$ cat /proc/2257/maps
> > 00dcc000-00dcd000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]
> > 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 fd:02 926825
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 fd:02 926825
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 495c9000-495e8000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e8000-495e9000 r--p 0001f000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e9000-495ea000 rw-p 00020000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495ec000-49774000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49774000-49776000 r--p 00188000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49776000-49777000 rw-p 0018a000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49777000-4977a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > b7711000-b7712000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > b7729000-b772a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
> > bfca7000-bfcc8000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0          [stack]
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$
> > 
> > The following are its currently virtual memory mappings and their
> > access
> > permissions with the PT_GNU_COMPAT segment header and the PF_X flag
> > set:
> > 
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$ cat /proc/2349/maps
> > 00850000-00851000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]
> > 00d29000-00d2a000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
> > 00fd2000-00fd3000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
> > 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 fd:02 926785
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 08049000-0804a000 rwxp 00000000 fd:02 926785
> >     /home/rcvalle/a.out
> > 495c9000-495e8000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e8000-495e9000 r-xp 0001f000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495e9000-495ea000 rwxp 00020000 fd:01 1971790    /lib/ld-2.13.90.so
> > 495ec000-49774000 r-xp 00000000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49774000-49776000 r-xp 00188000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49776000-49777000 rwxp 0018a000 fd:01 1971791
> >    /lib/libc-2.13.90.so
> > 49777000-4977a000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
> > bfd2b000-bfd4c000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0          [stack]
> > [rcvalle@...ora-15-i386 ~]$
> > 
> > Notice the difference between its currently virtual memory mappings
> > and
> > their access permissions with the PT_GNU_STACK segment header and
> > the
> > PF_X
> > flag unset and their access permissions with the PT_GNU_COMPAT
> > segment
> > header and the PF_X flag set. The latter is the current behavior of
> > the
> > Linux kernel for any ELF binary with the PT_GNU_STACK segment
> > header
> > and the
> > PF_X flag unset (i.e. all its virtual memory mappings are
> 
> s/unset/set
> 
> > executable).
> 
> One of the various scenarios an attacker can take advantage of this
> behavior
> to exploit a vulnerability is if, for example, a buffer overflow
> occurs
> within the data segment of a such loaded ELF binary (e.g the recent
> telnetd
> vulnerability) .
> 
> In addition, if you use a non-GNU toolchain that does not support the
> PT_GNU_STACK segment header extension, or does not create this
> segment with
> the PF_X flag unset by default. Upon loading the resulting compiled
> binaries, you will end up with the third aforementioned layout (i.e.
> all
> virtual memory mappings executable)--this completely disregards the
> ABI.
> 
> It is also important to note some embedded Linux distributions may
> use
> non-GNU or custom toolchains that either does not support the
> PT_GNU_STACK
> segment header extension, does not create this segment with the PF_X
> flag
> unset by default, or use binaries with some segment headers stripped
> out.
> 
> In other words, in the absence of the PT_GNU_STACK segment header or
> with
> the PT_GNU_STACK segment header with the PF_X flag set, you will end
> up with
> all virtual memory mappings executable.

For better illustrating the current behavior of the kernel without these
patches. Try to load an ELF binary with only the stack executable by setting
the PF_X flag within the PT_GNU_STACK segment header, or just stripping out
the PT_GNU_STACK segment header entirely, and see what happens.

> 
> 
> > 
> > Any comments about these patches would be greatly appreciated.
> > 
> > Thanks,
> > 
> > 
> > --
> > Ramon de C Valle / Red Hat Security Response Team
> > 
> 
> --
> Ramon de C Valle / Red Hat Security Response Team
> 

-- 
Ramon de C Valle / Red Hat Security Response Team
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