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Message-ID: <20120122085157.GR1068@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk>
Date: Sun, 22 Jan 2012 08:51:57 +0000
From: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@....linux.org.uk>
To: linux-pcmcia@...ts.infradead.org,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org
Subject: [PATCH,FIXED] PCMCIA card inserted, five s2ram cycles, you're dead
Last night, I wrote:
> static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
> {
> if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
> pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
> return 0;
> }
>
> I've not been able to check that theory tonight. Maybe someone who
> knows the code can suggest - if not, I'll try deleting that
> pcmcia_put_socket() call at some point tomorrow.
Yes, this does appear to be the problem. Tested patch below. It looks
like the bug has been around since July 2010 - maybe no one suspends and
resumes with their PCMCIA (not Cardbus) card inserted.
Given its age, it seems to affect many stable kernels.
Note that this is a memory-corrupting bug: not only does it cause the
warning, but as a result of dropping the refcount to zero, it causes the
pcmcia_socket0 device structure to be freed while it still has references,
causing slab caches corruption. A fatal oops quickly follows this warning
- often even just a 'dmesg' following the warning causes the kernel to
oops.
8<====
From: Russell King <rmk+kernel@....linux.org.uk>
Subject: [PATCH] Fix PCMCIA socket refcount decrementing on each resume
While testing suspend/resume on an ARM device with PCMCIA support, and
a CF card inserted, I found that after five suspend and resumes, the
kernel would complain, and shortly die after with slab corruption.
WARNING: at include/linux/kref.h:41 kobject_get+0x28/0x50()
As the message doesn't give a clue about which kobject, and the built-in
debugging in drivers/base/power/main.c happens too late, this was added
right before each get_device():
printk("%s: %p [%s] %u\n", __func__, dev, kobject_name(&dev->kobj), atomic_read(&dev->kobj.kref.refcount));
and on the 3rd s2ram cycle, the following behaviour observed:
On the 3rd suspend/resume cycle:
dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
4th:
dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
5th:
dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 0
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: at include/linux/kref.h:41 kobject_get+0x28/0x50()
Modules linked in: ucb1x00_core
Backtrace:
[<c0212090>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x110) from [<c04799dc>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
[<c04799c4>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c021cba0>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x50/0x68)
[<c021cb50>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x0/0x68) from [<c021cbdc>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x24/0x28)
[<c021cbb8>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x0/0x28) from [<c0335374>] (kobject_get+0x28/0x50)
[<c033534c>] (kobject_get+0x0/0x50) from [<c03804f4>] (get_device+0x1c/0x24)
[<c0388c90>] (dpm_complete+0x0/0x1a0) from [<c0389cc0>] (dpm_resume_end+0x1c/0x20)
...
Looking at commit 7b24e7988263 (pcmcia: split up central event handler),
the following change was made to cs.c:
@@ -546,8 +524,8 @@ static int socket_late_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
return 0;
}
#endif
-
- send_event(skt, CS_EVENT_PM_RESUME, CS_EVENT_PRI_LOW);
+ if (!(skt->state & SOCKET_CARDBUS) && (skt->callback))
+ skt->callback->early_resume(skt);
return 0;
}
And the corresponding change in ds.c is from:
-static int ds_event(struct pcmcia_socket *skt, event_t event, int priority)
-{
- struct pcmcia_socket *s = pcmcia_get_socket(skt);
...
- switch (event) {
...
- case CS_EVENT_PM_RESUME:
- if (verify_cis_cache(skt) != 0) {
- dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");
- /* first, remove the card */
- ds_event(skt, CS_EVENT_CARD_REMOVAL, CS_EVENT_PRI_HIGH);
- mutex_lock(&s->ops_mutex);
- destroy_cis_cache(skt);
- kfree(skt->fake_cis);
- skt->fake_cis = NULL;
- s->functions = 0;
- mutex_unlock(&s->ops_mutex);
- /* now, add the new card */
- ds_event(skt, CS_EVENT_CARD_INSERTION,
- CS_EVENT_PRI_LOW);
- }
- break;
...
- }
- pcmcia_put_socket(s);
- return 0;
-} /* ds_event */
to:
+static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
+{
+ if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
+ pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");
+ /* first, remove the card */
+ pcmcia_bus_remove(skt);
+ mutex_lock(&skt->ops_mutex);
+ destroy_cis_cache(skt);
+ kfree(skt->fake_cis);
+ skt->fake_cis = NULL;
+ skt->functions = 0;
+ mutex_unlock(&skt->ops_mutex);
+ /* now, add the new card */
+ pcmcia_bus_add(skt);
+ return 0;
+}
As can be seen, the original function called pcmcia_get_socket() and
pcmcia_put_socket() around the guts, whereas the replacement code
calls pcmcia_put_socket() only in one path. This creates an imbalance
in the refcounting.
Testing with pcmcia_put_socket() put removed shows that the bug is gone:
dpm_suspend: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_resume: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_complete: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
Cc: <stable@...r.kernel.org>
Tested-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@....linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@....linux.org.uk>
--
drivers/pcmcia/ds.c | 4 +---
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c b/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
index 749c2a1..1932029 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
@@ -1269,10 +1269,8 @@ static int pcmcia_bus_add(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
{
- if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
- pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
+ if (!verify_cis_cache(skt))
return 0;
- }
dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");
--
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