linux-kernel - Re: Add overflow protection to kref

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Message-ID: <20120216204515.GH20420@outflux.net>
Date:	Thu, 16 Feb 2012 12:45:15 -0800
From:	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To:	Ubuntu security discussion <ubuntu-hardened@...ts.ubuntu.com>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
	kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: Add overflow protection to kref

Hi,

[This should probably be discussed on LKML for an even wider audience, so
I've added a CC for it there.]

On Thu, Feb 16, 2012 at 09:02:13AM -0500, David Windsor wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> We are attempting to add various grsecurity/PAX features to upstream
> Ubuntu kernels.

This didn't parse quite right for me. I think you meant that the intent
is to get these features into the upstream Linux kernel, with potential
staging in Ubuntu kernels.

(Also s/PAX/PaX/g)

> The PAX folks added refcount overflow protection by inserting
> architecture-specific code in the increment paths of atomic_t.  For
> instance:
> 
> static inline void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v)
>  {
> 	asm volatile(LOCK_PREFIX "incl %0\n"
> 
> #ifdef CONFIG_PAX_REFCOUNT
> 		     "jno 0f\n"
> 		     LOCK_PREFIX "decl %0\n"
> 		     "int $4\n0:\n"
> 		     _ASM_EXTABLE(0b, 0b)
> #endif
> 
> 		     : "+m" (v->counter));
> }
> 
> There are two distinct classes of users we need to consider here:
> those who use atomic_t for reference counters and those who use
> atomic_t for keeping track of statistics, like performance counters,
> etc.; it makes little sense to overflow a performance counter, so we
> shouldn't subject those users to the same protections as imposed on
> actual reference counters.  The solution implemented by PAX is to
> create a family of *_unchecked() functions and to patch
> statistics-based users of atomic_t to use this interface.
> 
> PAX refcount overflow protection was developed before kref was
> created.  I'd like to move overflow protection out of atomic_t and
> into kref and gradually migrate atomic_t users to kref, leaving
> atomic_t for those users who don't need overflow protection (e.g.
> statistics-based counters).

For people new to this, can you give an overview of what attacks are foiled
by adding overflow protection?

> I realize that there are many users of atomic_t needing overflow
> protection, but the move to kref seems like the right thing to do in
> this case.
> 
> Leaving the semantics of overflow detection aside for the moment, what
> are everyone's thoughts on adding overflow protection to kref rather
> than to atomic_t?

Why was kref introduced? Or rather, how is kref currently different from
atomic_t?

> Also, I cherrypicked the refcount protection feature directly from the
> PAX patch, with the original atomic_t protections in place, before
> considering kref.  If anyone is interested, I can post that patch.
> 
> Thanks,
> David Windsor
> 
> -- 
> PGP: 6141 5FFD 11AE 9844 153E  F268 7C98 7268 6B19 6CC9

Thanks for bringing this up!

-Kees

-- 
Kees Cook
ChromeOS Security
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