Message-Id: <1329426706-26562-2-git-send-email-wad@chromium.org>
Date:	Thu, 16 Feb 2012 15:11:46 -0600
From:	Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
To:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc:	linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org,
	kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
	x86@...nel.org, arnd@...db.de, davem@...emloft.net, hpa@...or.com,
	mingo@...hat.com, oleg@...hat.com, peterz@...radead.org,
	rdunlap@...otime.net, mcgrathr@...omium.org, tglx@...utronix.de,
	luto@....edu, eparis@...hat.com, serge.hallyn@...onical.com,
	djm@...drot.org, scarybeasts@...il.com, indan@....nu,
	pmoore@...hat.com, akpm@...ux-foundation.org, corbet@....net,
	eric.dumazet@...il.com, markus@...omium.org, keescook@...omium.org,
	Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
Subject: [PATCH v9 8/8] Documentation: prctl/seccomp_filter

Documents how system call filtering using Berkeley Packet
Filter programs works and how it may be used.
Includes an example for x86 (32-bit) and a semi-generic
example using a macro-based code generator.

v9: - updated bpf-direct.c for SIGILL
v8: - add PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS to the samples.
v7: - updated for all the new stuff in v7: TRAP, TRACE
    - only talk about PR_SET_SECCOMP now
    - fixed bad JLE32 check (coreyb@...ux.vnet.ibm.com)
    - adds dropper.c: a simple system call disabler
v6: - tweak the language to note the requirement of
      PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS being called prior to use. (luto@....edu)
v5: - update sample to use system call arguments
    - adds a "fancy" example using a macro-based generator
    - cleaned up bpf in the sample
    - update docs to mention arguments
    - fix prctl value (eparis@...hat.com)
    - language cleanup (rdunlap@...otime.net)
v4: - update for no_new_privs use
    - minor tweaks
v3: - call out BPF <-> Berkeley Packet Filter (rdunlap@...otime.net)
    - document use of tentative always-unprivileged
    - guard sample compilation for i386 and x86_64
v2: - move code to samples (corbet@....net)

Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
---
 Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt |  155 +++++++++++++++++++++
 samples/Makefile                       |    2 +-
 samples/seccomp/Makefile               |   31 ++++
 samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c           |  150 ++++++++++++++++++++
 samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c            |  101 ++++++++++++++
 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c           |   89 ++++++++++++
 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h           |  234 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 samples/seccomp/dropper.c              |   52 +++++++
 8 files changed, 813 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/Makefile
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
 create mode 100644 samples/seccomp/dropper.c

diff --git a/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt b/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c6bd12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+		SECure COMPuting with filters
+		=============================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+A large number of system calls are exposed to every userland process
+with many of them going unused for the entire lifetime of the process.
+As system calls change and mature, bugs are found and eradicated.  A
+certain subset of userland applications benefit by having a reduced set
+of available system calls.  The resulting set reduces the total kernel
+surface exposed to the application.  System call filtering is meant for
+use with those applications.
+
+Seccomp filtering provides a means for a process to specify a filter for
+incoming system calls.  The filter is expressed as a Berkeley Packet
+Filter (BPF) program, as with socket filters, except that the data
+operated on is related to the system call being made: system call
+number and the system call arguments.  This allows for expressive
+filtering of system calls using a filter program language with a long
+history of being exposed to userland and a straightforward data set.
+
+Additionally, BPF makes it impossible for users of seccomp to fall prey
+to time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks that are common in system
+call interposition frameworks.  BPF programs may not dereference
+pointers which constrains all filters to solely evaluating the system
+call arguments directly.
+
+What it isn't
+-------------
+
+System call filtering isn't a sandbox.  It provides a clearly defined
+mechanism for minimizing the exposed kernel surface.  It is meant to be
+a tool for sandbox developers to use.  Beyond that, policy for logical
+behavior and information flow should be managed with a combination of
+other system hardening techniques and, potentially, an LSM of your
+choosing.  Expressive, dynamic filters provide further options down this
+path (avoiding pathological sizes or selecting which of the multiplexed
+system calls in socketcall() is allowed, for instance) which could be
+construed, incorrectly, as a more complete sandboxing solution.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+An additional seccomp mode is added and is enabled using the same
+prctl(2) call as the strict seccomp.  If the architecture has
+CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER, then filters may be added as below:
+
+PR_SET_SECCOMP:
+	Now takes an additional argument which specifies a new filter
+	using a BPF program.
+	The BPF program will be executed over struct seccomp_data
+	reflecting the system call number, arguments, and other
+	metadata.  The BPF program must then return one of the
+	acceptable values to inform the kernel which action should be
+	taken.
+
+	Usage:
+		prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, prog);
+
+	The 'prog' argument is a pointer to a struct sock_fprog which
+	will contain the filter program.  If the program is invalid, the
+	call will return -1 and set errno to EINVAL.
+
+	Note, is_compat_task is also tracked for the @prog.  This means
+	that once set the calling task will have all of its system calls
+	blocked if it switches its system call ABI.
+
+	If fork/clone and execve are allowed by @prog, any child
+	processes will be constrained to the same filters and system
+	call ABI as the parent.
+
+	Prior to use, the task must call prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1) or
+	run with CAP_SYS_ADMIN privileges in its namespace.  If these are not
+	true, -EACCES will be returned.  This requirement ensures that filter
+	programs cannot be applied to child processes with greater privileges
+	than the task that installed them.
+
+	Additionally, if prctl(2) is allowed by the attached filter,
+	additional filters may be layered on which will increase evaluation
+	time, but allow for further decreasing the attack surface during
+	execution of a process.
+
+The above call returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
+
+Return values
+-------------
+
+A seccomp filter may return any of the following values:
+	SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW, SECCOMP_RET_KILL, SECCOMP_RET_TRAP,
+	SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO, or SECCOMP_RET_TRACE.
+
+SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW:
+	If all filters for a given task return this value then
+	the system call will proceed normally.
+
+SECCOMP_RET_KILL:
+	If any filters for a given take return this value then
+	the task will exit immediately without executing the system
+	call.
+
+SECCOMP_RET_TRAP:
+	If any filters specify SECCOMP_RET_TRAP and none of them
+	specify SECCOMP_RET_KILL, then the kernel will send a SIGTRAP
+	signal to the task and not execute the system call.  The kernel
+	will rollback the register state to just before system call
+	entry such that a signal handler in the process will be able
+	to inspect the ucontext_t->uc_mcontext registers and emulate
+	system call success or failure upon return from the signal
+	handler.
+
+	The SIGTRAP is differentiated by other SIGTRAPS by a si_code
+	of TRAP_SECCOMP.
+
+SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO:
+	If returned, the value provided in the lower 16-bits is
+	returned to userland as the errno and the system call is
+	not executed.
+
+SECCOMP_RET_TRACE:
+	If any filters return this value and the others return
+	SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW, then the kernel will attempt to notify
+	a ptrace()-based tracer prior to executing the system call.
+
+	A tracer will be notified if it is attached with
+	ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP, ...).  Otherwise, the system call will
+	not execute and -ENOSYS will be returned to userspace.
+
+	If the tracer ignores notification, then the system call will
+	proceed normally.  Changes to the registers will function
+	similarly to PTRACE_SYSCALL.
+
+Please note that the order of precedence is as follows:
+SECCOMP_RET_KILL, SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO, SECCOMP_RET_TRAP,
+SECCOMP_RET_TRACE, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW.
+
+If multiple filters exist, the return value for the evaluation of a given
+system call will always use the highest precedent value.
+SECCOMP_RET_KILL will always take precedence.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+The samples/seccomp/ directory contains both a 32-bit specific example
+and a more generic example of a higher level macro interface for BPF
+program generation.
+
+Adding architecture support
+-----------------------
+
+See arch/Kconfig for the required functionality. In general, if an
+architecture supports both tracehook and seccomp, it will be able to
+support seccomp filter.  Then it must just add
+CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER to its arch-specific Kconfig.
diff --git a/samples/Makefile b/samples/Makefile
index 6280817..f29b19c 100644
--- a/samples/Makefile
+++ b/samples/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Makefile for Linux samples code
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES)	+= kobject/ kprobes/ tracepoints/ trace_events/ \
-			   hw_breakpoint/ kfifo/ kdb/ hidraw/
+			   hw_breakpoint/ kfifo/ kdb/ hidraw/ seccomp/
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/Makefile b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38922f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# kbuild trick to avoid linker error. Can be omitted if a module is built.
+obj- := dummy.o
+
+hostprogs-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) := bpf-fancy dropper
+bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
+
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
+
+HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
+dropper-objs := dropper.o
+
+# bpf-direct.c is x86-only.
+ifeq ($(filter-out x86_64 i386,$(KBUILD_BUILDHOST)),)
+# List of programs to build
+hostprogs-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) += bpf-direct
+bpf-direct-objs := bpf-direct.o
+endif
+
+# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
+always := $(hostprogs-y)
+
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
+ifeq ($(KBUILD_BUILDHOST),x86_64)
+HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -m32
+HOSTLOADLIBES_bpf-direct += -m32
+endif
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..856b93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * 32-bit seccomp filter example with BPF macros
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@...omium.org>
+ * Author: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
+ *
+ * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
+ * and can serve as a starting point for developing
+ * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
+ */
+#define __USE_GNU 1
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define syscall_arg(_n) (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, lo32[_n]))
+#define syscall_nr (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
+
+#ifndef ILL_SECCOMP
+#define ILL_SECCOMP (ILL_BADSTK + 1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+#define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 36
+#endif
+
+static void emulator(int nr, siginfo_t *info, void *void_context)
+{
+	ucontext_t *ctx = (ucontext_t *)(void_context);
+	int syscall;
+	char *buf;
+	ssize_t bytes;
+	size_t len;
+	if (info->si_code != ILL_SECCOMP)
+		return;
+	if (!ctx)
+		return;
+	syscall = ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EAX];
+	buf = (char *) ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ECX];
+	len = (size_t) ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EDX];
+
+	if (syscall != __NR_write)
+		return;
+	if (ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBX] != STDERR_FILENO)
+		return;
+	/* Redirect stderr messages to stdout. Doesn't handle EINTR, etc */
+	write(STDOUT_FILENO, "[ERR] ", 6);
+	bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
+	ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EAX] = bytes;
+	return;
+}
+
+static int install_emulator(void)
+{
+	struct sigaction act;
+	sigset_t mask;
+	memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
+	sigemptyset(&mask);
+	sigaddset(&mask, SIGILL);
+
+	act.sa_sigaction = &emulator;
+	act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+	if (sigaction(SIGILL, &act, NULL) < 0) {
+		perror("sigaction");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL)) {
+		perror("sigprocmask");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_filter(void)
+{
+	struct sock_filter filter[] = {
+		/* Grab the system call number */
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_nr),
+		/* Jump table for the allowed syscalls */
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_rt_sigreturn, 0, 1),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_sigreturn, 0, 1),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_exit_group, 0, 1),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_exit, 0, 1),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_read, 1, 0),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_write, 3, 2),
+
+		/* Check that read is only using stdin. */
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_arg(0)),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDIN_FILENO, 4, 0),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL),
+
+		/* Check that write is only using stdout */
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, syscall_arg(0)),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDOUT_FILENO, 1, 0),
+		/* Trap attempts to write to stderr */
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, STDERR_FILENO, 1, 2),
+
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRAP),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL),
+	};
+	struct sock_fprog prog = {
+		.len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
+		.filter = filter,
+	};
+
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+		perror("prctl(NO_NEW_PRIVS)");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &prog)) {
+		perror("prctl");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define payload(_c) (_c), sizeof((_c))
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	ssize_t bytes = 0;
+	if (install_emulator())
+		return 1;
+	if (install_filter())
+		return 1;
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO,
+		payload("OHAI! WHAT IS YOUR NAME? "));
+	bytes = syscall(__NR_read, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, payload("HELLO, "));
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, buf, bytes);
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO,
+		payload("Error message going to STDERR\n"));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcfe3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Seccomp BPF example using a macro-based generator.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@...omium.org>
+ * Author: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
+ *
+ * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
+ * and can serve as a starting point for developing
+ * applications using prctl(PR_ATTACH_SECCOMP_FILTER).
+ */
+
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "bpf-helper.h"
+
+#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+#define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 36
+#endif
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct bpf_labels l;
+	static const char msg1[] = "Please type something: ";
+	static const char msg2[] = "You typed: ";
+	char buf[256];
+	struct sock_filter filter[] = {
+		LOAD_SYSCALL_NR,
+		SYSCALL(__NR_exit, ALLOW),
+		SYSCALL(__NR_exit_group, ALLOW),
+		SYSCALL(__NR_write, JUMP(&l, write_fd)),
+		SYSCALL(__NR_read, JUMP(&l, read)),
+		DENY,  /* Don't passthrough into a label */
+
+		LABEL(&l, read),
+		ARG(0),
+		JNE(STDIN_FILENO, DENY),
+		ARG(1),
+		JNE((unsigned long)buf, DENY),
+		ARG(2),
+		JGE(sizeof(buf), DENY),
+		ALLOW,
+
+		LABEL(&l, write_fd),
+		ARG(0),
+		JEQ(STDOUT_FILENO, JUMP(&l, write_buf)),
+		JEQ(STDERR_FILENO, JUMP(&l, write_buf)),
+		DENY,
+
+		LABEL(&l, write_buf),
+		ARG(1),
+		JEQ((unsigned long)msg1, JUMP(&l, msg1_len)),
+		JEQ((unsigned long)msg2, JUMP(&l, msg2_len)),
+		JEQ((unsigned long)buf, JUMP(&l, buf_len)),
+		DENY,
+
+		LABEL(&l, msg1_len),
+		ARG(2),
+		JLT(sizeof(msg1), ALLOW),
+		DENY,
+
+		LABEL(&l, msg2_len),
+		ARG(2),
+		JLT(sizeof(msg2), ALLOW),
+		DENY,
+
+		LABEL(&l, buf_len),
+		ARG(2),
+		JLT(sizeof(buf), ALLOW),
+		DENY,
+	};
+	struct sock_fprog prog = {
+		.filter = filter,
+		.len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
+	};
+	ssize_t bytes;
+	bpf_resolve_jumps(&l, filter, sizeof(filter)/sizeof(*filter));
+
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+		perror("prctl(NO_NEW_PRIVS)");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &prog)) {
+		perror("prctl(SECCOMP)");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDOUT_FILENO, msg1, strlen(msg1));
+	bytes = syscall(__NR_read, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	bytes = (bytes > 0 ? bytes : 0);
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, msg2, strlen(msg2));
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, buf, bytes);
+	/* Now get killed */
+	syscall(__NR_write, STDERR_FILENO, msg2, strlen(msg2)+2);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579cfe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Seccomp BPF helper functions
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@...omium.org>
+ * Author: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
+ *
+ * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
+ * and can serve as a starting point for developing
+ * applications using prctl(PR_ATTACH_SECCOMP_FILTER).
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "bpf-helper.h"
+
+int bpf_resolve_jumps(struct bpf_labels *labels,
+		      struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count)
+{
+	struct sock_filter *begin = filter;
+	__u8 insn = count - 1;
+
+	if (count < 1)
+		return -1;
+	/*
+	* Walk it once, backwards, to build the label table and do fixups.
+	* Since backward jumps are disallowed by BPF, this is easy.
+	*/
+	filter += insn;
+	for (; filter >= begin; --insn, --filter) {
+		if (filter->code != (BPF_JMP+BPF_JA))
+			continue;
+		switch ((filter->jt<<8)|filter->jf) {
+		case (JUMP_JT<<8)|JUMP_JF:
+			if (labels->labels[filter->k].location == 0xffffffff) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Unresolved label: '%s'\n",
+					labels->labels[filter->k].label);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			filter->k = labels->labels[filter->k].location -
+				    (insn + 1);
+			filter->jt = 0;
+			filter->jf = 0;
+			continue;
+		case (LABEL_JT<<8)|LABEL_JF:
+			if (labels->labels[filter->k].location != 0xffffffff) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Duplicate label use: '%s'\n",
+					labels->labels[filter->k].label);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			labels->labels[filter->k].location = insn;
+			filter->k = 0; /* fall through */
+			filter->jt = 0;
+			filter->jf = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Simple lookup table for labels. */
+__u32 seccomp_bpf_label(struct bpf_labels *labels, const char *label)
+{
+	struct __bpf_label *begin = labels->labels, *end;
+	int id;
+	if (labels->count == 0) {
+		begin->label = label;
+		begin->location = 0xffffffff;
+		labels->count++;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	end = begin + labels->count;
+	for (id = 0; begin < end; ++begin, ++id) {
+		if (!strcmp(label, begin->label))
+			return id;
+	}
+	begin->label = label;
+	begin->location = 0xffffffff;
+	labels->count++;
+	return id;
+}
+
+void seccomp_bpf_print(struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count)
+{
+	struct sock_filter *end = filter + count;
+	for ( ; filter < end; ++filter)
+		printf("{ code=%u,jt=%u,jf=%u,k=%u },\n",
+			filter->code, filter->jt, filter->jf, filter->k);
+}
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c64801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/bpf-helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Example wrapper around BPF macros.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@...omium.org>
+ * Author: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
+ *
+ * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
+ * and can serve as a starting point for developing
+ * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
+ *
+ * No guarantees are provided with respect to the correctness
+ * or functionality of this code.
+ */
+#ifndef __BPF_HELPER_H__
+#define __BPF_HELPER_H__
+
+#include <asm/bitsperlong.h>	/* for __BITS_PER_LONG */
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>	/* for seccomp_data */
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define BPF_LABELS_MAX 256
+struct bpf_labels {
+	int count;
+	struct __bpf_label {
+		const char *label;
+		__u32 location;
+	} labels[BPF_LABELS_MAX];
+};
+
+int bpf_resolve_jumps(struct bpf_labels *labels,
+		      struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count);
+__u32 seccomp_bpf_label(struct bpf_labels *labels, const char *label);
+void seccomp_bpf_print(struct sock_filter *filter, size_t count);
+
+#define JUMP_JT 0xff
+#define JUMP_JF 0xff
+#define LABEL_JT 0xfe
+#define LABEL_JF 0xfe
+
+#define ALLOW \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW)
+#define DENY \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL)
+#define JUMP(labels, label) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JA, FIND_LABEL((labels), (label)), \
+		 JUMP_JT, JUMP_JF)
+#define LABEL(labels, label) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JA, FIND_LABEL((labels), (label)), \
+		 LABEL_JT, LABEL_JF)
+#define SYSCALL(nr, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (nr), 0, 1), \
+	jt
+
+/* Lame, but just an example */
+#define FIND_LABEL(labels, label) seccomp_bpf_label((labels), #label)
+
+#define EXPAND(...) __VA_ARGS__
+/* Map all width-sensitive operations */
+#if __BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+
+#define JEQ(x, jt) JEQ32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JNE(x, jt) JNE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JGT(x, jt) JGT32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JLT(x, jt) JLT32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JGE(x, jt) JGE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JLE(x, jt) JLE32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define JA(x, jt) JA32(x, EXPAND(jt))
+#define ARG(i) ARG_32(i)
+
+#elif __BITS_PER_LONG == 64
+
+#if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#define ENDIAN(_lo, _hi) _lo, _hi
+#elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
+#define ENDIAN(_lo, _hi) _hi, _lo
+#else
+#error "Unknown endianness"
+#endif
+
+union arg64 {
+	struct {
+		__u32 ENDIAN(lo32, hi32);
+	};
+	__u64 u64;
+};
+
+#define JEQ(x, jt) \
+	JEQ64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+#define JGT(x, jt) \
+	JGT64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+#define JGE(x, jt) \
+	JGE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+#define JNE(x, jt) \
+	JNE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+#define JLT(x, jt) \
+	JLT64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+#define JLE(x, jt) \
+	JLE64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	      ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	      EXPAND(jt))
+
+#define JA(x, jt) \
+	JA64(((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).lo32, \
+	       ((union arg64){.u64 = (x)}).hi32, \
+	       EXPAND(jt))
+#define ARG(i) ARG_64(i)
+
+#else
+#error __BITS_PER_LONG value unusable.
+#endif
+
+/* Loads the arg into A */
+#define ARG_32(idx) \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
+		offsetof(struct seccomp_data, lo32[(idx)]))
+
+/* Loads hi into A and lo in X */
+#define ARG_64(idx) \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
+	  offsetof(struct seccomp_data, lo32[(idx)])), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_ST, 0), /* lo -> M[0] */ \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
+	  offsetof(struct seccomp_data, hi32[(idx)])), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_ST, 1) /* hi -> M[1] */
+
+#define JEQ32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
+	jt
+
+#define JNE32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
+	jt
+
+/* Checks the lo, then swaps to check the hi. A=lo,X=hi */
+#define JEQ64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JNE64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 5, 0), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JA32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
+	jt
+
+#define JA64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (hi), 3, 0), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JSET+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JGE32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
+	jt
+
+#define JLT32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
+	jt
+
+/* Shortcut checking if hi > arg.hi. */
+#define JGE64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 4, 0), \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JLT64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGE+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 4), \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JGT32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (value), 0, 1), \
+	jt
+
+#define JLE32(value, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (value), 1, 0), \
+	jt
+
+/* Check hi > args.hi first, then do the GE checking */
+#define JGT64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 4, 0), \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 5), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 0, 2), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define JLE64(lo, hi, jt) \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (hi), 6, 0), \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (hi), 0, 3), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 0), /* swap in lo */ \
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JGT+BPF_K, (lo), 2, 0), \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1), /* passed: swap hi back in */ \
+	jt, \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_MEM, 1) /* failed: swap hi back in */
+
+#define LOAD_SYSCALL_NR \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
+		 offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
+
+#endif  /* __BPF_HELPER_H__ */
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/dropper.c b/samples/seccomp/dropper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..535db8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/seccomp/dropper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Naive system call dropper built on seccomp_filter.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors <chromium-os-dev@...omium.org>
+ * Author: Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>
+ *
+ * The code may be used by anyone for any purpose,
+ * and can serve as a starting point for developing
+ * applications using prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, ...).
+ *
+ * When run, returns the specified errno for the specified
+ * system call number.
+ *
+ * Run this one as root as PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is not called.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc < 4) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n"
+			"dropper <syscall_nr> <errno> <prog> [<args>]\n\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	struct sock_filter filter[] = {
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS,
+			(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))),
+		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, atoi(argv[1]), 0, 1),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K,
+			SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO|(atoi(argv[2]) & SECCOMP_RET_DATA)),
+		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+	};
+	struct sock_fprog prog = {
+		.len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(filter)/sizeof(filter[0])),
+		.filter = filter,
+	};
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, 2, &prog)) {
+		perror("prctl");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	execv(argv[3], &argv[3]);
+	return 1;
+}
-- 
1.7.5.4

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