Date:	Thu, 15 Mar 2012 14:07:53 -0700
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@....com>
Cc:	Mike Galbraith <efault@....de>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC] rcu: Limit GP initialization to CPUs that have been
 online

On Thu, Mar 15, 2012 at 11:23:14AM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 15, 2012 at 12:58:57PM -0500, Dimitri Sivanich wrote:
> > On Wed, Mar 14, 2012 at 09:56:57AM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > > On Wed, Mar 14, 2012 at 08:17:17AM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > > > On Wed, Mar 14, 2012 at 08:08:01AM -0500, Dimitri Sivanich wrote:
> > > > > On Wed, Mar 14, 2012 at 01:40:41PM +0100, Mike Galbraith wrote:
> > > > > > On Wed, 2012-03-14 at 10:24 +0100, Mike Galbraith wrote: 
> > > > > > > On Tue, 2012-03-13 at 17:24 -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote: 
> > > > > > > > The following builds, but is only very lightly tested.  Probably full
> > > > > > > > of bug, especially when exercising CPU hotplug.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > You didn't say RFT, but...
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > To beat on this in a rotund 3.0 kernel, the equivalent patch would be
> > > > > > > the below?  My box may well answer that before you can.. hope not ;-)
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > (Darn, it did.  Box says boot stall with virgin patch in tip too though.
> > > > > > Wedging it straight into 3.0 was perhaps a tad premature;)
> > > > > 
> > > > > I saw the same thing with 3.3.0-rc7+ and virgin patch on UV.  Boots fine without the patch.
> > > > 
> > > > Right...  Bozo here forgot to set the kernel parameters for large-system
> > > > emulation during testing.  Apologies for the busted patch, will fix.
> > > > 
> > > > And thank you both for the testing!!!
> > > > 
> > > > Hey, at least I labeled it "RFC".  ;-)
> > > 
> > > Does the following work better?  It does pass my fake-big-system tests
> > > (more testing in the works).
> > 
> > This one stalls for me at the same place the other one did.  Once again,
> > if I remove the patch and rebuild, it boots just fine.
> > 
> > Is there some debug/trace information that you would like me to provide?
> 
> Very strange.
> 
> Could you please send your dmesg and .config?

Hmmm...  Memory ordering could be a problem, though in that case I would
have expected the hand during the onlining process.  However, the memory
ordering does need to be cleaned up in any case, please see below.

							Thanx, Paul

------------------------------------------------------------------------

rcu: Limit GP initialization to CPUs that have been online

The current grace-period initialization initializes all leaf rcu_node
structures, even those corresponding to CPUs that have never been online.
This is harmless in many configurations, but results in 200-microsecond
latency spikes for kernels built with NR_CPUS=4096.

This commit therefore keeps track of the largest-numbered CPU that has
ever been online, and limits grace-period initialization to rcu_node
structures corresponding to that CPU and to smaller-numbered CPUs.

Reported-by: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@....com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@....de>

diff --git a/kernel/rcutree.c b/kernel/rcutree.c
index 8269656..7247fa8 100644
--- a/kernel/rcutree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcutree.c
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data, rcu_bh_data);
 
 static struct rcu_state *rcu_state;
 
+int rcu_max_cpu __read_mostly;	/* Largest # CPU that has ever been online. */
+
 /*
  * The rcu_scheduler_active variable transitions from zero to one just
  * before the first task is spawned.  So when this variable is zero, RCU
@@ -1129,8 +1131,9 @@ static void rcu_report_qs_rsp(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long flags)
 	__releases(rcu_get_root(rsp)->lock)
 {
 	unsigned long gp_duration;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp);
 	struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root(rsp);
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_gp_in_progress(rsp));
 
@@ -1159,26 +1162,28 @@ static void rcu_report_qs_rsp(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long flags)
 	 * completed.
 	 */
 	if (*rdp->nxttail[RCU_WAIT_TAIL] == NULL) {
-		raw_spin_unlock(&rnp->lock);	 /* irqs remain disabled. */
 
 		/*
 		 * Propagate new ->completed value to rcu_node structures
 		 * so that other CPUs don't have to wait until the start
 		 * of the next grace period to process their callbacks.
+		 * We must hold the root rcu_node structure's ->lock
+		 * across rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first() in order to
+		 * synchronize with CPUs coming online for the first time.
 		 */
 		rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
+			raw_spin_unlock(&rnp_root->lock); /* remain disabled. */
 			raw_spin_lock(&rnp->lock); /* irqs already disabled. */
 			rnp->completed = rsp->gpnum;
 			raw_spin_unlock(&rnp->lock); /* irqs remain disabled. */
+			raw_spin_lock(&rnp_root->lock); /* already disabled. */
 		}
-		rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp);
-		raw_spin_lock(&rnp->lock); /* irqs already disabled. */
 	}
 
 	rsp->completed = rsp->gpnum;  /* Declare the grace period complete. */
 	trace_rcu_grace_period(rsp->name, rsp->completed, "end");
 	rsp->fqs_state = RCU_GP_IDLE;
-	rcu_start_gp(rsp, flags);  /* releases root node's rnp->lock. */
+	rcu_start_gp(rsp, flags);  /* releases root node's ->lock. */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2447,6 +2452,7 @@ rcu_init_percpu_data(int cpu, struct rcu_state *rsp, int preemptible)
 	unsigned long mask;
 	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
 	struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp);
+	struct rcu_node *rnp_init;
 
 	/* Set up local state, ensuring consistent view of global state. */
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rnp->lock, flags);
@@ -2469,6 +2475,20 @@ rcu_init_percpu_data(int cpu, struct rcu_state *rsp, int preemptible)
 	/* Exclude any attempts to start a new GP on large systems. */
 	raw_spin_lock(&rsp->onofflock);		/* irqs already disabled. */
 
+	/*
+	 * Initialize any rcu_node structures that will see their first use.
+	 * Note that rcu_max_cpu cannot change out from under us because the
+	 * hotplug locks are held.
+	 */
+	raw_spin_lock(&rnp->lock);		/* irqs already disabled. */
+	for (rnp_init = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, rcu_max_cpu)->mynode + 1;
+	     rnp_init <= rdp->mynode;
+	     rnp_init++) {
+		rnp_init->gpnum = rsp->gpnum;
+		rnp_init->completed = rsp->completed;
+	}
+	raw_spin_unlock(&rnp->lock);		/* irqs remain disabled. */
+
 	/* Add CPU to rcu_node bitmasks. */
 	rnp = rdp->mynode;
 	mask = rdp->grpmask;
@@ -2502,6 +2522,11 @@ static void __cpuinit rcu_prepare_cpu(int cpu)
 	rcu_init_percpu_data(cpu, &rcu_sched_state, 0);
 	rcu_init_percpu_data(cpu, &rcu_bh_state, 0);
 	rcu_preempt_init_percpu_data(cpu);
+	if (cpu > rcu_max_cpu) {
+		smp_mb(); /* Initialization before rcu_max_cpu assignment. */
+		rcu_max_cpu = cpu;
+		smp_mb(); /* rcu_max_cpu assignment before later uses. */
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/rcutree.h b/kernel/rcutree.h
index 1e49c56..772df1c 100644
--- a/kernel/rcutree.h
+++ b/kernel/rcutree.h
@@ -192,11 +192,23 @@ struct rcu_node {
 
 /*
  * Do a full breadth-first scan of the rcu_node structures for the
- * specified rcu_state structure.
+ * specified rcu_state structure.  The caller must hold either the
+ * ->onofflock or the root rcu_node structure's ->lock.
  */
+extern int rcu_max_cpu;
+static inline int rcu_get_max_cpu(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	smp_mb();  /* Pairs with barriers in rcu_prepare_cpu(). */
+	ret = rcu_max_cpu;
+	smp_mb();  /* Pairs with barriers in rcu_prepare_cpu(). */
+	return ret;
+}
 #define rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) \
 	for ((rnp) = &(rsp)->node[0]; \
-	     (rnp) < &(rsp)->node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; (rnp)++)
+	     (rnp) <= per_cpu_ptr((rsp)->rda, rcu_get_max_cpu())->mynode; \
+	     (rnp)++)
 
 /*
  * Do a breadth-first scan of the non-leaf rcu_node structures for the

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