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Date: Mon, 24 Sep 2012 22:39:54 +0100 From: Russell King <rmk@....linux.org.uk> To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org> Subject: Load averages? I have here a cubox running v3.5, and I've been watching top while it's playing back an mpeg stream from NFS using vlc. rootfs on SD card, and it's uniprocessor. Top reports the following: top - 20:38:35 up 44 min, 3 users, load average: 1.26, 1.10, 1.10 Tasks: 125 total, 1 running, 124 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 55.0%us, 3.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 40.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.7%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 768892k total, 757900k used, 10992k free, 37080k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 505940k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4270 cubox 20 0 244m 68m 38m S 51.3 9.2 18:33.32 vlc 3659 root 20 0 57652 40m 35m S 6.5 5.4 3:06.79 Xorg and it stays fairly constant like that - around 55-60% user ticks around 2-4% system, 40% idle, 0% wait, and around a total of 1% interrupt (combined hardware/software). Here's another snapshot: top - 20:41:58 up 47 min, 3 users, load average: 0.93, 1.04, 1.07 Tasks: 125 total, 1 running, 124 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 59.8%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 38.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.3%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 768892k total, 755296k used, 13596k free, 37080k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 503856k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4270 cubox 20 0 243m 68m 38m S 53.6 9.1 20:19.74 vlc 3659 root 20 0 57652 40m 35m S 6.5 5.4 3:20.50 Xorg Now, for this capture, I've set top's interval to be 60 seconds: top - 20:49:52 up 55 min, 3 users, load average: 0.99, 0.96, 1.01 Tasks: 125 total, 1 running, 124 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 60.4%us, 1.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.6%id, 0.1%wa, 0.5%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 768892k total, 759816k used, 9076k free, 37076k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 508340k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4270 cubox 20 0 244m 68m 38m S 54.7 9.2 24:23.46 vlc 3659 root 20 0 57652 40m 35m S 4.6 5.4 4:02.80 Xorg And finally, here's what vmstat 5 looks like: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 13788 37164 503380 0 0 62 13 472 444 52 5 33 9 0 0 0 13416 37164 504340 0 0 0 0 354 344 62 2 37 0 1 0 0 12424 37164 505300 0 0 0 0 356 374 61 3 36 0 4 0 0 11556 37164 506260 0 0 0 0 357 360 63 2 35 0 1 0 0 10564 37164 507220 0 0 0 1 359 358 56 4 41 0 0 0 0 9572 37164 508180 0 0 0 0 349 369 57 3 41 0 0 0 0 11628 37164 505368 0 0 0 0 356 350 56 4 41 0 2 0 0 11432 37164 506328 0 0 0 0 350 372 57 3 40 0 0 0 0 10440 37164 507288 0 0 0 0 351 379 57 3 40 0 0 0 0 9448 37164 508248 0 0 0 0 342 348 57 2 41 0 0 0 0 12248 37156 504804 0 0 0 0 356 381 60 3 37 0 0 0 0 12052 37156 505764 0 0 0 0 354 365 61 3 36 0 1 0 0 12052 37156 505764 0 0 0 0 226 326 56 2 42 0 0 0 0 11060 37156 506724 0 0 0 0 352 355 54 5 42 0 0 0 0 10068 37156 507684 0 0 0 0 357 356 58 3 38 0 0 0 0 9076 37156 508644 0 0 0 0 351 356 64 3 33 0 Yet, for some reason, the load average sits around 0.9-1.3. I don't understand this - if processes are only running for around 65% of the time and there's very little waiting for IO, why should the load average be saying that the system load is equivalent to 1 process running for 1minute/5minutes/15minutes? I've also seen a situation where vlc has been using close to 90% CPU, plays flawlessly, yet the load average reports as 1.5 - if the load average is more than 1, then that should mean there is insufficient system bandwidth to sustain the running jobs in real time (because its saying that there's 1.5 processes running continuously over 1 minute, and as there's only one CPU...) The behaviour I'm seeing from the kernel's load average calculation just seems wrong. Config which may be related: CONFIG_HZ=100 CONFIG_NO_HZ=y CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS=y, CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED=y CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED=y CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH=y CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED=y # CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP is not set Reading the comments before get_avenrun(), I've tried disabling NO_HZ, and I wouldn't say it's had too much effect. The following top is with NO_HZ disabled: top - 22:11:00 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.84, 1.04, 0.91 Tasks: 120 total, 1 running, 119 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 52.8%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 42.7%id, 3.3%wa, 0.7%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 768900k total, 622984k used, 145916k free, 29196k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 399248k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4332 cubox 20 0 235m 52m 34m S 48.9 7.0 4:38.32 vlc 3667 root 20 0 56000 35m 31m S 6.8 4.8 0:43.32 Xorg 4347 root 20 0 2276 1144 764 R 1.0 0.1 0:05.36 top What I do notice with NO_HZ=n is that the 1min load average seems to be a little more responsive to load changes. Any ideas or explanations about the apparantly higher than real load average figures? -- Russell King Linux kernel 2.6 ARM Linux - http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/ maintainer of: -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@...r.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/
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