Date:	Sun, 18 Nov 2012 14:23:44 +0800
From:	Jaegeuk Hanse <jaegeuk.hanse@...il.com>
To:	"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
CC:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...ux.intel.com>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>,
	David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v6 10/12] thp: implement refcounting for huge zero page

On 11/16/2012 03:27 AM, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
>
> H. Peter Anvin doesn't like huge zero page which sticks in memory forever
> after the first allocation. Here's implementation of lockless refcounting
> for huge zero page.
>
> We have two basic primitives: {get,put}_huge_zero_page(). They
> manipulate reference counter.
>
> If counter is 0, get_huge_zero_page() allocates a new huge page and
> takes two references: one for caller and one for shrinker. We free the
> page only in shrinker callback if counter is 1 (only shrinker has the
> reference).
>
> put_huge_zero_page() only decrements counter. Counter is never zero
> in put_huge_zero_page() since shrinker holds on reference.
>
> Freeing huge zero page in shrinker callback helps to avoid frequent
> allocate-free.
>
> Refcounting has cost. On 4 socket machine I observe ~1% slowdown on
> parallel (40 processes) read page faulting comparing to lazy huge page
> allocation.  I think it's pretty reasonable for synthetic benchmark.

Hi Kirill,

I see your and Andew's hot discussion in v4 resend thread.

"I also tried another scenario: usemem -n16 100M -r 1000. It creates 
real memory pressure - no easy reclaimable memory. This time callback 
called with nr_to_scan > 0 and we freed hzp. "

What's "usemem"? Is it a tool and how to get it? It's hard for me to 
find nr_to_scan > 0 in every callset, how can nr_to_scan > 0 in your 
scenario?

Regards,
Jaegeuk

>
> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
> ---
>   mm/huge_memory.c | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
>   1 file changed, 87 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index bad9c8f..923ea75 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
>   #include <linux/freezer.h>
>   #include <linux/mman.h>
>   #include <linux/pagemap.h>
> +#include <linux/shrinker.h>
>   #include <asm/tlb.h>
>   #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
>   #include "internal.h"
> @@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 10000;
>   /* during fragmentation poll the hugepage allocator once every minute */
>   static unsigned int khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 60000;
>   static struct task_struct *khugepaged_thread __read_mostly;
> -static unsigned long huge_zero_pfn __read_mostly;
>   static DEFINE_MUTEX(khugepaged_mutex);
>   static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(khugepaged_mm_lock);
>   static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(khugepaged_wait);
> @@ -160,31 +160,74 @@ static int start_khugepaged(void)
>   	return err;
>   }
>   
> -static int init_huge_zero_pfn(void)
> +static atomic_t huge_zero_refcount;
> +static unsigned long huge_zero_pfn __read_mostly;
> +
> +static inline bool is_huge_zero_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
>   {
> -	struct page *hpage;
> -	unsigned long pfn;
> +	unsigned long zero_pfn = ACCESS_ONCE(huge_zero_pfn);
> +	return zero_pfn && pfn == zero_pfn;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool is_huge_zero_pmd(pmd_t pmd)
> +{
> +	return is_huge_zero_pfn(pmd_pfn(pmd));
> +}
> +
> +static unsigned long get_huge_zero_page(void)
> +{
> +	struct page *zero_page;
> +retry:
> +	if (likely(atomic_inc_not_zero(&huge_zero_refcount)))
> +		return ACCESS_ONCE(huge_zero_pfn);
>   
> -	hpage = alloc_pages((GFP_TRANSHUGE | __GFP_ZERO) & ~__GFP_MOVABLE,
> +	zero_page = alloc_pages((GFP_TRANSHUGE | __GFP_ZERO) & ~__GFP_MOVABLE,
>   			HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
> -	if (!hpage)
> -		return -ENOMEM;
> -	pfn = page_to_pfn(hpage);
> -	if (cmpxchg(&huge_zero_pfn, 0, pfn))
> -		__free_page(hpage);
> -	return 0;
> +	if (!zero_page)
> +		return 0;
> +	preempt_disable();
> +	if (cmpxchg(&huge_zero_pfn, 0, page_to_pfn(zero_page))) {
> +		preempt_enable();
> +		__free_page(zero_page);
> +		goto retry;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* We take additional reference here. It will be put back by shrinker */
> +	atomic_set(&huge_zero_refcount, 2);
> +	preempt_enable();
> +	return ACCESS_ONCE(huge_zero_pfn);
>   }
>   
> -static inline bool is_huge_zero_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
> +static void put_huge_zero_page(void)
>   {
> -	return huge_zero_pfn && pfn == huge_zero_pfn;
> +	/*
> +	 * Counter should never go to zero here. Only shrinker can put
> +	 * last reference.
> +	 */
> +	BUG_ON(atomic_dec_and_test(&huge_zero_refcount));
>   }
>   
> -static inline bool is_huge_zero_pmd(pmd_t pmd)
> +static int shrink_huge_zero_page(struct shrinker *shrink,
> +		struct shrink_control *sc)
>   {
> -	return is_huge_zero_pfn(pmd_pfn(pmd));
> +	if (!sc->nr_to_scan)
> +		/* we can free zero page only if last reference remains */
> +		return atomic_read(&huge_zero_refcount) == 1 ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
> +
> +	if (atomic_cmpxchg(&huge_zero_refcount, 1, 0) == 1) {
> +		unsigned long zero_pfn = xchg(&huge_zero_pfn, 0);
> +		BUG_ON(zero_pfn == 0);
> +		__free_page(__pfn_to_page(zero_pfn));
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
>   }
>   
> +static struct shrinker huge_zero_page_shrinker = {
> +	.shrink = shrink_huge_zero_page,
> +	.seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS,
> +};
> +
>   #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
>   
>   static ssize_t double_flag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
> @@ -576,6 +619,8 @@ static int __init hugepage_init(void)
>   		goto out;
>   	}
>   
> +	register_shrinker(&huge_zero_page_shrinker);
> +
>   	/*
>   	 * By default disable transparent hugepages on smaller systems,
>   	 * where the extra memory used could hurt more than TLB overhead
> @@ -698,10 +743,11 @@ static inline struct page *alloc_hugepage(int defrag)
>   #endif
>   
>   static void set_huge_zero_page(pgtable_t pgtable, struct mm_struct *mm,
> -		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long haddr, pmd_t *pmd)
> +		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long haddr, pmd_t *pmd,
> +		unsigned long zero_pfn)
>   {
>   	pmd_t entry;
> -	entry = pfn_pmd(huge_zero_pfn, vma->vm_page_prot);
> +	entry = pfn_pmd(zero_pfn, vma->vm_page_prot);
>   	entry = pmd_wrprotect(entry);
>   	entry = pmd_mkhuge(entry);
>   	set_pmd_at(mm, haddr, pmd, entry);
> @@ -724,15 +770,19 @@ int do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>   			return VM_FAULT_OOM;
>   		if (!(flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)) {
>   			pgtable_t pgtable;
> -			if (unlikely(!huge_zero_pfn && init_huge_zero_pfn())) {
> -				count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK);
> -				goto out;
> -			}
> +			unsigned long zero_pfn;
>   			pgtable = pte_alloc_one(mm, haddr);
>   			if (unlikely(!pgtable))
>   				goto out;
> +			zero_pfn = get_huge_zero_page();
> +			if (unlikely(!zero_pfn)) {
> +				pte_free(mm, pgtable);
> +				count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK);
> +				goto out;
> +			}
>   			spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
> -			set_huge_zero_page(pgtable, mm, vma, haddr, pmd);
> +			set_huge_zero_page(pgtable, mm, vma, haddr, pmd,
> +					zero_pfn);
>   			spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
>   			return 0;
>   		}
> @@ -806,7 +856,15 @@ int copy_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
>   	 * a page table.
>   	 */
>   	if (is_huge_zero_pmd(pmd)) {
> -		set_huge_zero_page(pgtable, dst_mm, vma, addr, dst_pmd);
> +		unsigned long zero_pfn;
> +		/*
> +		 * get_huge_zero_page() will never allocate a new page here,
> +		 * since we already have a zero page to copy. It just takes a
> +		 * reference.
> +		 */
> +		zero_pfn = get_huge_zero_page();
> +		set_huge_zero_page(pgtable, dst_mm, vma, addr, dst_pmd,
> +				zero_pfn);
>   		ret = 0;
>   		goto out_unlock;
>   	}
> @@ -894,6 +952,7 @@ static int do_huge_pmd_wp_zero_page_fallback(struct mm_struct *mm,
>   	smp_wmb(); /* make pte visible before pmd */
>   	pmd_populate(mm, pmd, pgtable);
>   	spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
> +	put_huge_zero_page();
>   
>   	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
>   
> @@ -1095,9 +1154,10 @@ alloc:
>   		page_add_new_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, haddr);
>   		set_pmd_at(mm, haddr, pmd, entry);
>   		update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, address, pmd);
> -		if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd))
> +		if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd)) {
>   			add_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
> -		else {
> +			put_huge_zero_page();
> +		} else {
>   			VM_BUG_ON(!PageHead(page));
>   			page_remove_rmap(page);
>   			put_page(page);
> @@ -1174,6 +1234,7 @@ int zap_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>   		if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd)) {
>   			tlb->mm->nr_ptes--;
>   			spin_unlock(&tlb->mm->page_table_lock);
> +			put_huge_zero_page();
>   		} else {
>   			page = pmd_page(orig_pmd);
>   			page_remove_rmap(page);
> @@ -2531,6 +2592,7 @@ static void __split_huge_zero_page_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>   	}
>   	smp_wmb(); /* make pte visible before pmd */
>   	pmd_populate(mm, pmd, pgtable);
> +	put_huge_zero_page();
>   }
>   
>   void __split_huge_page_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,

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