$ ls -l /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/*/devices /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/0/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/10/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1f.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1f.2 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1f.3 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:02.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/3/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:16.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:16.2 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:16.3 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.3 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:19.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:19.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/5/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1a.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/6/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1b.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/7/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1c.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1c.6 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:03:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.6/0000:03:00.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1d.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0 /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:29 0000:00:1e.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1e.0 # ls -l /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:00:1a.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:00:1b.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:00:1c.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:00:1c.6 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:00:1d.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 0000:03:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.6/0000:03:00.0 --w------- 1 root root 4096 Feb 4 10:32 bind lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 4 10:32 module -> ../../../../module/vfio_pci --w------- 1 root root 4096 Feb 4 09:46 new_id --w------- 1 root root 4096 Feb 4 10:32 remove_id --w------- 1 root root 4096 Feb 4 09:46 uevent --w------- 1 root root 4096 Feb 4 10:32 unbind