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Message-Id: <f387af3c5edcf9e00609abefb0f82c6b514266e2.1371418586.git.andi@etezian.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Jun 2013 23:40:28 +0200
From: Andi Shyti <andi@...zian.org>
To: arnd@...db.de, gregkh@...uxfoundation.org, rob@...dley.net
Cc: oatilla@...il.com, szsolt@...il.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
andi@...zian.org, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Documentation: added etzkx driver documentation
The etzkx driver's documentation contains some basic information about
- accelerometer chip overview
- driver interfaces
- driver usage
Signed-off-by: Andi Shyti <andi@...zian.org>
Reviewed-by: Onur Atilla <oatilla@...il.com>
---
Documentation/misc-devices/etzkx.txt | 325 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 325 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/misc-devices/etzkx.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/misc-devices/etzkx.txt b/Documentation/misc-devices/etzkx.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d2017c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/misc-devices/etzkx.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+ ETZKX - State Machine Interrupt Driven Accelerometer
+ ====================================================
+
+Author: Andi Shyti <andi@...zian.com>
+
+The etzkx driver provides support for the programmable state machine interrupt
+driven 3-axis accelerometer.
+The chip is manifactured by:
+
+ ROHM Semiconductor: kxcnl-1010
+
+Device description
+------------------
+The kxcnl-1010 accelerometer is an ultra low-power device based on a
+differential capacitance arising from acceleration-induced motion of the sensor
+element. The device has a dynamically user selectable sensitivity scale of
++-2/+-4/+-6/+-8g. Moreover the user has the possibility to select the sampling
+frequency (odr) from 3.125Hz to 1.6kHz.
+
+The X, Y, Z coordinates are accessible by polling the device. Interrupt
+generation on data ready is also possible if preferred.
+
+The device is capable of running two state machines for gesture recognition
+such as orientation change, shake, tap, etc. Two sets of registers are used to
+load the algorithms for the state machine.
+
+The communication with the CPU is done via I2C bus. Two interrupt lines allow
+signalling the state machines behavior and possibly the presence of new
+data.
+
+The device implements a hardware selftest functionality which allows testing of
+the reliability of the device.
+
+The driver
+----------
+The driver is located under
+
+ driver/misc/etzkx.c
+ include/linux/i2c/etzkx.h
+
+and is placed in between the i2c driver and the userspace interfaces
+
+ __________________________
+ | | | |
+ | input | sysfs | char |
+ | device | | device |
+ |________|________|________|
+ | |
+ | etzkx |
+ |__________________________|
+ | |
+ | i2c smbus |
+ |__________________________|
+ | |
+ | i2c xfer |
+ | |
+ +==========================+
+ | |
+ | kxcnl-1010 |
+ |__________________________|
+
+
+In the menuconfig the driver is reachable
+
+ Device Drivers --->
+ [*] Misc devices --->
+ <*> ETZKX kxcnl 3d digital accelerometer
+
+The interfaces
+--------------
+The driver generates three types of interfaces:
+
+ * sysfs: provides information related to the device and sets some basic
+ parameters like output data rate (odr) and range.
+
+ * input event: provides the X, Y, Z coordinates.
+
+ * character device: provides state machine related information.
+
+Sysfs interfaces
+----------------
+Here is a list of all the sysfs interfaces generated by the driver
+
+hwid
+ RO - shows the chip installed on the board
+
+enable
+ RW - enables/disables the streaming of X, Y, Z coordinates which are
+ readable from the input event file
+ 1 enables the the streaming
+ 0 disables the streaming
+
+odr
+ RW - sets the output data rate of the chip, i.e. sets the frequency of
+ working of the chip. The available data rates are (in Hz) 3.125,
+ 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 400, 1600. It is possible to write a
+ generic frequency and the driver will normalize it to the closest
+ available. When a state machine is running the user is prevented
+ form changing the odr.
+
+delay
+ RW - sets the driver polling rate in ms. Usually is
+
+ 1
+ delay = -----
+ odr
+
+ but depending of some state machine conditions, odr and delay
+ might not be synchronized.
+
+range
+ RW - sets the sensitivity measured in g. The available g range are
+ +-2g, +-4g, +-6g, +-8g. When a state machine is running, the user
+ is prevented from changing the range.
+
+self_test
+ RW - enables/disables the self-test functionality. When the self_test is
+ enabled the X, Y, Z axes are affected by an offset, that offset
+ allows to evaluate the liability of the device (refer to the
+ datasheets for the self test patterns)
+ 1 enables self test
+ 0 disables self test
+
+drv_version
+ RO - shows the driver version
+
+Input event interface
+---------------------
+The input event is generated under /dev/input/eventX, where X is an incremental
+number chosen by the input driver framework.
+
+To eventX file is associated the 'etzkx' name which is discoverable using an
+ioctl function with EVIOCGNAME flag.
+
+ DIR *dir;
+ struct dirent *de;
+ char *fname;
+ [...]
+
+ dir = opendir("/dev/input");
+ while ( (de = readdir(dir)) )
+ {
+ fd = open(de->d_name, O_RDONLY))
+ ioctl(fd, EVIOCGNAME(sizeof(fname) - 1), &fname)
+
+ if (!strcmp(fname, "etzkx"))
+ /*** found it! ***/
+
+ close (fd);
+ }
+
+The driver streams the coordinates every "delay" ms (or "odr" Hz) through this
+interface. The input driver sends a struct input_event to the interface buffer,
+which has the following structure:
+
+ #include <linux/input.h>
+
+ struct input_event {
+ struct timeval time;
+ __u16 type;
+ __u16 code;
+ __s32 value;
+ };
+
+where the type event is EV_ABS, the code of the event is ABS_X, ABS_Y, ABS_Z
+corresponding to the X, Y, Z coordiantes and in the end the value field is the
+specific coordinate value. The driver sends three different events for each
+coordinate followed by a synchronization event which has type=0, code=0 and
+value=0.
+
+A possible reading algorithm can be
+
+ struct input_event ev;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ do
+ {
+ read(fd, &ev, sizeof(struct input_event));
+
+ if (ev.type == EV_ABS)
+ switch (ev.code)
+ {
+ case ABS_X:
+ X = ev.value;
+ break;
+ case ABS_Y:
+ Y = ev.value;
+ break;
+ case ABS_Z:
+ Z = ev.value;
+ break;
+ }
+ } while (ev.type != EV_SYN);
+ }
+
+Character device
+----------------
+The character device is used to report to the userspace the running state
+machine's outcome. The interface is capable of polling so that it is possible to
+use select() or poll() on it. The character interface is generated as
+
+ /dev/etzkx_stm
+
+The driver communicates with userspace by writing 64 bit structure on the
+interface
+
+ +-----+--------------------------+
+ | 32 | algorithm id |
+ +-----+--------------------------+
+ | 32 | specific algorithm data |
+ +-----+--------------------------+
+
+Currently, three algorithms are implemented:
+
+ - algorithm id
+ ETZKX_STM_ID_TIMING: timing algorithm used for testing. It sends an interrupt
+ every 16 odr.
+
+ ETZKX_STM_ID_ORIENTATION: sends an interrupt every orientation change
+ (portrait or landscape)
+
+ ETZKX_STM_ID_DOUBLE_TAP: sends an interrupt every time that a double tap
+ is detected
+
+ - specific algorithm data
+ timing (bit order)
+ 32 bit: not relevant, uninitialized
+
+ orientation (bit order)
+ 16 bit: 1 if portrait, 0 otherwise
+ 16 bit: 1 if landscape, 0 otherwise
+
+ double tap (bit order)
+ 8 bit: 1 if +x, 2 if -x, 0 otherwise
+ 8 bit: 1 if +y, 2 if -y, 0 otherwise
+ 8 bit: 1 if +z, 2 if -z, 0 otherwise
+ 8 bit: double tap peak
+
+The /dev/etzkx_stm file is capable of ioctl with the following flags
+
+ ETZKXIO_ENABLE_TIMING: enables timing algorithm
+ ETZKXIO_DISABLE_TIMING: disable timing algorithm
+ ETZKXIO_ENABLE_ORIENTATION: enables orientation algorithm
+ ETZKXIO_DISABLE_ORIENTATION: disables orientation algorithm
+ ETZKXIO_ENABLE_DOUBLE_TAP: enables double tap algorithm
+ ETZKXIO_DISABLE_DOUBLE_TAP: disables double tap algorithm
+
+ ETZKXIO_WHICH_ORIENTATION: asks to the driver the actual orientation
+ status. The driver provides via ioctl an algorithm structure like
+ this:
+
+ 32 bit: ETZKX_STM_ID_ORIENTATION
+ 16 bit: 1 if portrait, 0 otherwise
+ 16 bit: 1 if landscape, 0 otherwise
+
+ ETZKXIO_INSTANT_ORIENTATION: like ETZKXIO_WHICH_ORIENTATION, with the
+ difference that the calculation of the orientation is calculated by
+ comparing the X and Y coordinates.
+
+ ETZKXIO_RUNNING_ALGO: reports to the userspace the two running
+ algorithms for each state machine slot:
+
+ 32 bit: running algorithm id on slot 1
+ 32 bit: running algorithm id on slot 2
+
+ if no state machine is loaded, the id is equal to ETZKX_STM_ID_NO_STM
+
+Driver usage
+------------
+The driver follows a state machine way of working and at any time it tracks the
+state which the driver is in.
+
+ __STRM --- STRM + STM1
+ / \/ \
+ / /\ \
+ STBY --- ACTIVE --- STM1 STRM + STM2 --- STRM + STM1 + STM2
+ \ \/ /
+ \__ /\ /
+ STM2 --- STM1 + STM2
+
+To reach each driver state, userspace applications have to enable/disable the
+available features using the related interfaces.
+
+Enable/disable streaming (STRM state):
+ echo 1 > /sys/.../enable
+ echo 0 > /sys/.../enable
+
+Enable/disable state machine (STM1/STM2 state):
+ ioctl (fd, ETZKXIO_ENABLE_ORIENTATION, 0);
+ ioctl (fd, ETZKXIO_ENABLE_DOUBLE_TAP, 0);
+ ioctl (fd, ETZKXIO_DISABLE_ORIENTATION, 0);
+ ioctl (fd, ETZKXIO_DISABLE_DOUBLE_TAP, 0);
+
+Self test
+---------
+The self test checks the electromechanical functionality of the sensor. The
+driver sets the self test state as a specific branch of the driver state
+machine:
+
+ _
+ / ST
+ / ^
+ STDBY <---> ACTIVE |
+ \ |
+ \_ v
+ STRM
+
+To enable/disable the self test
+
+ echo 1 > /sys/.../self_test
+ echo 0 > /sys/.../self_test
+
+This applies an extra capacitance to every axes which adds an offset to the X,
+Y, Z output, it can be different for each coordinate.
+
+The suppliers provides the minimum Dx, Dy, Dz offset in order to consider the
+device reliable. The evaluation should be done like follows:
+
+ |Xst - X| > Dx
+ |Yst - Y| > Dy
+ |Zst - Z| > Dz
+
+where Xst, Yst and Zst are the coordinates measured after applying the self test
+on the accelerometer.
--
1.7.10.4
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