Date:	Wed, 17 Jul 2013 00:12:35 +0530
From:	Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Gleb Natapov <gleb@...hat.com>
CC:	mingo@...hat.com, jeremy@...p.org, x86@...nel.org,
	konrad.wilk@...cle.com, hpa@...or.com, pbonzini@...hat.com,
	linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, habanero@...ux.vnet.ibm.com,
	xen-devel@...ts.xensource.com, peterz@...radead.org,
	mtosatti@...hat.com, stefano.stabellini@...citrix.com,
	andi@...stfloor.org, attilio.rao@...rix.com, ouyang@...pitt.edu,
	gregkh@...e.de, agraf@...e.de, chegu_vinod@...com,
	torvalds@...ux-foundation.org, avi.kivity@...il.com,
	tglx@...utronix.de, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, stephan.diestelhorst@....com,
	riel@...hat.com, drjones@...hat.com,
	virtualization@...ts.linux-foundation.org,
	srivatsa.vaddagiri@...il.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC V10 15/18] kvm : Paravirtual ticketlocks support for
 linux guests running on KVM hypervisor

On 07/16/2013 11:32 AM, Gleb Natapov wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 16, 2013 at 09:07:53AM +0530, Raghavendra K T wrote:
>> On 07/15/2013 04:06 PM, Gleb Natapov wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jul 15, 2013 at 03:20:06PM +0530, Raghavendra K T wrote:
>>>> On 07/14/2013 06:42 PM, Gleb Natapov wrote:
>>>>> On Mon, Jun 24, 2013 at 06:13:42PM +0530, Raghavendra K T wrote:
>>>>>> kvm : Paravirtual ticketlocks support for linux guests running on KVM hypervisor
>>>>>>
>>>>>> From: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
>>>>>>
>>>> trimming
>>>> [...]
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +static void kvm_lock_spinning(struct arch_spinlock *lock, __ticket_t want)
>>>>>> +{
>>>>>> +	struct kvm_lock_waiting *w;
>>>>>> +	int cpu;
>>>>>> +	u64 start;
>>>>>> +	unsigned long flags;
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	w = &__get_cpu_var(lock_waiting);
>>>>>> +	cpu = smp_processor_id();
>>>>>> +	start = spin_time_start();
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/*
>>>>>> +	 * Make sure an interrupt handler can't upset things in a
>>>>>> +	 * partially setup state.
>>>>>> +	 */
>>>>>> +	local_irq_save(flags);
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/*
>>>>>> +	 * The ordering protocol on this is that the "lock" pointer
>>>>>> +	 * may only be set non-NULL if the "want" ticket is correct.
>>>>>> +	 * If we're updating "want", we must first clear "lock".
>>>>>> +	 */
>>>>>> +	w->lock = NULL;
>>>>>> +	smp_wmb();
>>>>>> +	w->want = want;
>>>>>> +	smp_wmb();
>>>>>> +	w->lock = lock;
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW, 1);
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/*
>>>>>> +	 * This uses set_bit, which is atomic but we should not rely on its
>>>>>> +	 * reordering gurantees. So barrier is needed after this call.
>>>>>> +	 */
>>>>>> +	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &waiting_cpus);
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	barrier();
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/*
>>>>>> +	 * Mark entry to slowpath before doing the pickup test to make
>>>>>> +	 * sure we don't deadlock with an unlocker.
>>>>>> +	 */
>>>>>> +	__ticket_enter_slowpath(lock);
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/*
>>>>>> +	 * check again make sure it didn't become free while
>>>>>> +	 * we weren't looking.
>>>>>> +	 */
>>>>>> +	if (ACCESS_ONCE(lock->tickets.head) == want) {
>>>>>> +		add_stats(TAKEN_SLOW_PICKUP, 1);
>>>>>> +		goto out;
>>>>>> +	}
>>>>>> +
>>>>>> +	/* Allow interrupts while blocked */
>>>>>> +	local_irq_restore(flags);
>>>>>> +
>>>>> So what happens if an interrupt comes here and an interrupt handler
>>>>> takes another spinlock that goes into the slow path? As far as I see
>>>>> lock_waiting will become overwritten and cpu will be cleared from
>>>>> waiting_cpus bitmap by nested kvm_lock_spinning(), so when halt is
>>>>> called here after returning from the interrupt handler nobody is going
>>>>> to wake this lock holder. Next random interrupt will "fix" it, but it
>>>>> may be several milliseconds away, or never. We should probably check
>>>>> if interrupt were enabled and call native_safe_halt() here.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Okay you mean something like below should be done.
>>>> if irq_enabled()
>>>>    native_safe_halt()
>>>> else
>>>>    halt()
>>>>
>>>> It is been a complex stuff for analysis for me.
>>>>
>>>> So in our discussion stack would looking like this.
>>>>
>>>> spinlock()
>>>>    kvm_lock_spinning()
>>>>                    <------ interrupt here
>>>>            halt()
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>  From the halt if we trace
>>>>
>>> It is to early to trace the halt since it was not executed yet. Guest
>>> stack trace will look something like this:
>>>
>>> spinlock(a)
>>>    kvm_lock_spinning(a)
>>>     lock_waiting = a
>>>     set bit in waiting_cpus
>>>                  <------ interrupt here
>>>                  spinlock(b)
>>>                    kvm_lock_spinning(b)
>>>                      lock_waiting = b
>>>                      set bit in waiting_cpus
>>>                      halt()
>>>                      unset bit in waiting_cpus
>>>                      lock_waiting = NULL
>>>       ----------> ret from interrupt
>>>     halt()
>>>
>>> Now at the time of the last halt above lock_waiting == NULL and
>>> waiting_cpus is empty and not interrupt it pending, so who will unhalt
>>> the waiter?
>>>
>>
>> Yes. if an interrupt occurs between
>> local_irq_restore() and halt(), this is possible. and since this is
>> rarest of rare (possiility of irq entering slowpath and then no
>> random irq to do spurious wakeup), we had never hit this problem in
>> the past.
> I do not think it is very rare to get interrupt between
> local_irq_restore() and halt() under load since any interrupt that
> occurs between local_irq_save() and local_irq_restore() will be delivered
> immediately after local_irq_restore(). Of course the chance of no other
> random interrupt waking lock waiter is very low, but waiter can sleep
> for much longer then needed and this will be noticeable in performance.

Yes, I meant the entire thing. I did infact turned WARN on w->lock==null 
before halt() [ though we can potentially have irq right after that ], 
but did not hit so far.

> BTW can NMI handler take spinlocks? If it can what happens if NMI is
> delivered in a section protected by local_irq_save()/local_irq_restore()?
>

Had another idea if NMI, halts are causing problem until I saw PeterZ's 
reply similar to V2 of pvspinlock posted  here:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/10/23/211

Instead of halt we started with a sleep hypercall in those
  versions. Changed to halt() once Avi suggested to reuse existing sleep.

If we use older hypercall with few changes like below:

kvm_pv_wait_for_kick_op(flags, vcpu, w->lock )
{
  // a0 reserved for flags
if (!w->lock)
return;
DEFINE_WAIT
...
end_wait
}

Only question is how to retry immediately with lock_spinning in
w->lock=null cases.

/me need to experiment that again perhaps to see if we get some benefit.

>>
>> So I am,
>> 1. trying to artificially reproduce this.
>>
>> 2. I replaced the halt with below code,
>>         if (arch_irqs_disabled())
>>                  halt();
>>
>> and ran benchmarks.
>> But this results in degradation because, it means we again go back
>> and spin in irq enabled case.
>>
> Yes, this is not what I proposed.

True.

>
>> 3. Now I am analyzing the performance overhead of safe_halt in irq
>> enabled case.
>>        if (arch_irqs_disabled())
>>                 halt();
>>        else
>>                 safe_halt();
> Use of arch_irqs_disabled() is incorrect here.

Oops! sill me.

If you are doing it before
> local_irq_restore() it will always be false since you disabled interrupt
> yourself,

This was not the case. but latter is the one I missed.

  if you do it after then it is to late since interrupt can come
> between local_irq_restore() and halt() so enabling interrupt and halt
> are still not atomic.  You should drop local_irq_restore() and do
>
>    if (arch_irqs_disabled_flags(flags))
> 	halt();
>    else
> 	safe_halt();
>
> instead.
>

Yes, I tested with below as suggested:

//local_irq_restore(flags);

         /* halt until it's our turn and kicked. */
         if (arch_irqs_disabled_flags(flags))
                 halt();
         else
                 safe_halt();

  //local_irq_save(flags);
I am seeing only a slight overhead, but want to give a full run to
check the performance.

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