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Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2013 08:33:44 -0500
From: Andrew Theurer <habanero@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>,
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Preeti U Murthy <preeti@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 00/10] Improve numa scheduling by consolidating
tasks
On Tue, 2013-07-30 at 13:18 +0530, Srikar Dronamraju wrote:
> Here is an approach that looks to consolidate workloads across nodes.
> This results in much improved performance. Again I would assume this work
> is complementary to Mel's work with numa faulting.
>
> Here are the advantages of this approach.
> 1. Provides excellent consolidation of tasks.
> From my experiments, I have found that the better the task
> consolidation, we achieve better the memory layout, which results in
> better the performance.
>
> 2. Provides good improvement in most cases, but there are some regressions.
>
> 3. Looks to extend the load balancer esp when the cpus are idling.
>
> Here is the outline of the approach.
>
> - Every process has a per node array where we store the weight of all
> its tasks running on that node. This arrays gets updated on task
> enqueue/dequeue.
>
> - Added a 2 pass mechanism (somewhat taken from numacore but not
> exactly) while choosing tasks to move across nodes.
>
> In the first pass, choose only tasks that are ideal to be moved.
> While choosing a task, look at the per node process arrays to see if
> moving task helps.
> If the first pass fails to move a task, any task can be chosen on the
> second pass.
>
> - If the regular load balancer (rebalance_domain()) fails to balance the
> load (or finds no imbalance) and there is a cpu, use the cpu to
> consolidate tasks to the nodes by using the information in the per
> node process arrays.
>
> Every idle cpu if its doesnt have tasks queued after load balance,
> - will walk thro the cpus in its node and checks if there are buddy
> tasks that are not part of the node but should have been ideally
> part of this node.
> - To make sure that we dont pull all buddy tasks and create an
> imbalance, we look at load on the load, pinned tasks and the
> processes contribution to the load for this node.
> - Each cpu looks at the node which has the least number of buddy tasks
> running and tries to pull the tasks from such nodes.
>
> - Once it finds the cpu from which to pull the tasks, it triggers
> active_balancing. This type of active balancing triggers just one
> pass. i.e it only fetches tasks that increase numa locality.
>
> Here are results of specjbb run on a 2 node machine.
Here's a comparison with 4 KVM VMs running dbench on a 4 socket, 40
core, 80 thread host.
kernel total dbench throughpout
3-9.numabal-on 21242
3.9-numabal-off 20455
3.9-numabal-on-consolidate 22541
3.9-numabal-off-consolidate 21632
3.9-numabal-off-node-pinning 26450
3.9-numabal-on-node-pinning 25265
Based on the node pinning results, we have a long way to go, with either
numa-balancing and/or consolidation. One thing the consolidation helps
is actually getting the sibling tasks running in the same node:
% CPU usage by node for 1st VM
node00 node01 node02 node03
094% 002% 001% 001%
However, the node which was chosen to consolidate tasks is
not the same node where most of the memory for the tasks is located:
% memory per node for 1st VM
host-node00 host-node01 host-node02 host-node03
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
VM-node00 295937(034%) 550400(064%) 6144(000%) 0(000%)
By comparison, same stats for numa-balancing on and no consolidation:
% CPU usage by node for 1st VM
node00 node01 node02 node03
028% 027% 020% 023% <-CPU usage spread across whole system
% memory per node for 1st VM
host-node00 host-node01 host-node02 host-node03
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
VM-node00| 49153(006%) 673792(083%) 51712(006%) 36352(004%)
I think the consolidation is a nice concept, but it needs a much tighter
integration with numa balancing. The action to clump tasks on same node's
runqueues should be triggered by detecting that they also access
the same memory.
> Specjbb was run on 3 vms.
> In the fit case, one vm was big to fit one node size.
> In the no-fit case, one vm was bigger than the node size.
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> |kernel | nofit| fit| vm|
> |kernel | noksm| ksm| noksm| ksm| vm|
> |kernel | nothp| thp| nothp| thp| nothp| thp| nothp| thp| vm|
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> |v3.9 | 136056| 189423| 135359| 186722| 136983| 191669| 136728| 184253| vm_1|
> |v3.9 | 66041| 84779| 64564| 86645| 67426| 84427| 63657| 85043| vm_2|
> |v3.9 | 67322| 83301| 63731| 85394| 65015| 85156| 63838| 84199| vm_3|
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> |v3.9 + Mel(v5)| 133170| 177883| 136385| 176716| 140650| 174535| 132811| 190120| vm_1|
> |v3.9 + Mel(v5)| 65021| 81707| 62876| 81826| 63635| 84943| 58313| 78997| vm_2|
> |v3.9 + Mel(v5)| 61915| 82198| 60106| 81723| 64222| 81123| 59559| 78299| vm_3|
> | % change | -2.12| -6.09| 0.76| -5.36| 2.68| -8.94| -2.86| 3.18| vm_1|
> | % change | -1.54| -3.62| -2.61| -5.56| -5.62| 0.61| -8.39| -7.11| vm_2|
> | % change | -8.03| -1.32| -5.69| -4.30| -1.22| -4.74| -6.70| -7.01| vm_3|
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> |v3.9 + this | 136766| 189704| 148642| 180723| 147474| 184711| 139270| 186768| vm_1|
> |v3.9 + this | 72742| 86980| 67561| 91659| 69781| 87741| 65989| 83508| vm_2|
> |v3.9 + this | 66075| 90591| 66135| 90059| 67942| 87229| 66100| 85908| vm_3|
> | % change | 0.52| 0.15| 9.81| -3.21| 7.66| -3.63| 1.86| 1.36| vm_1|
> | % change | 10.15| 2.60| 4.64| 5.79| 3.49| 3.93| 3.66| -1.80| vm_2|
> | % change | -1.85| 8.75| 3.77| 5.46| 4.50| 2.43| 3.54| 2.03| vm_3|
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> Autonuma benchmark results on a 2 node machine:
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev
> numa01: 118.98 122.37 120.96 1.17
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 279.84 284.49 282.53 1.65
> numa02: 36.84 37.68 37.09 0.31
> numa02_SMT: 44.67 48.39 47.32 1.38
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + Mel's v5
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 115.02 123.08 120.83 3.04 0.11%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 268.59 298.47 281.15 11.16 0.46%
> numa02: 36.31 37.34 36.68 0.43 1.10%
> numa02_SMT: 43.18 43.43 43.29 0.08 9.28%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + this patchset
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 103.46 112.31 106.44 3.10 12.93%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 277.51 289.81 283.88 4.98 -0.47%
> numa02: 36.72 40.81 38.42 1.85 -3.26%
> numa02_SMT: 56.50 60.00 58.08 1.23 -17.93%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0(HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev
> numa01: 241.23 244.46 242.94 1.31
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 301.95 307.39 305.04 2.20
> numa02: 41.31 43.92 42.98 1.02
> numa02_SMT: 37.02 37.58 37.44 0.21
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + Mel's v5 (HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 238.42 242.62 241.60 1.60 0.55%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 285.01 298.23 291.54 5.37 4.53%
> numa02: 38.08 38.16 38.11 0.03 12.76%
> numa02_SMT: 36.20 36.64 36.36 0.17 2.95%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + this patchset(HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 175.17 189.61 181.90 5.26 32.19%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 285.79 365.26 305.27 30.35 -0.06%
> numa02: 38.26 38.97 38.50 0.25 11.50%
> numa02_SMT: 44.66 49.22 46.22 1.60 -17.84%
>
>
> Autonuma benchmark results on a 4 node machine:
> # dmidecode | grep 'Product Name:'
> Product Name: System x3750 M4 -[8722C1A]-
> # numactl -H
> available: 4 nodes (0-3)
> node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
> node 0 size: 65468 MB
> node 0 free: 63890 MB
> node 1 cpus: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
> node 1 size: 65536 MB
> node 1 free: 64033 MB
> node 2 cpus: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
> node 2 size: 65536 MB
> node 2 free: 64236 MB
> node 3 cpus: 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
> node 3 size: 65536 MB
> node 3 free: 64162 MB
> node distances:
> node 0 1 2 3
> 0: 10 11 11 12
> 1: 11 10 12 11
> 2: 11 12 10 11
> 3: 12 11 11 10
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev
> numa01: 581.35 761.95 681.23 80.97
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 140.39 164.45 150.34 7.98
> numa02: 18.47 20.12 19.25 0.65
> numa02_SMT: 16.40 25.30 21.06 2.86
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + Mel's v5 patchset
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 733.15 767.99 748.88 14.51 -8.81%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 154.18 169.13 160.48 5.76 -6.00%
> numa02: 19.09 22.15 21.02 1.03 -7.99%
> numa02_SMT: 23.01 25.53 23.98 0.83 -11.44%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + this patchset
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 409.64 457.91 444.55 17.66 51.69%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 158.10 174.89 169.32 5.84 -10.85%
> numa02: 18.89 22.36 19.98 1.29 -3.26%
> numa02_SMT: 23.33 27.87 25.02 1.68 -14.21%
>
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 (HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev
> numa01: 567.62 752.06 620.26 66.72
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 145.84 172.44 160.73 10.34
> numa02: 18.11 20.06 19.10 0.67
> numa02_SMT: 17.59 22.83 19.94 2.17
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + Mel's v5 patchset (HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 741.13 753.91 748.10 4.51 -16.96%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 153.57 162.45 158.22 3.18 1.55%
> numa02: 19.15 20.96 20.04 0.64 -4.48%
> numa02_SMT: 22.57 25.92 23.87 1.15 -15.16%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0 + this patchset (HT)
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 418.46 457.77 436.00 12.81 40.25%
> numa01_THREAD_ALLOC: 156.21 169.79 163.75 4.37 -1.78%
> numa02: 18.41 20.18 19.06 0.60 0.20%
> numa02_SMT: 22.72 27.24 25.29 1.76 -19.64%
>
>
> Autonuma results on a 8 node machine:
>
> # dmidecode | grep 'Product Name:'
> Product Name: IBM x3950-[88722RZ]-
>
> # numactl -H
> available: 8 nodes (0-7)
> node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> node 0 size: 32510 MB
> node 0 free: 31475 MB
> node 1 cpus: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
> node 1 size: 32512 MB
> node 1 free: 31709 MB
> node 2 cpus: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
> node 2 size: 32512 MB
> node 2 free: 31737 MB
> node 3 cpus: 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
> node 3 size: 32512 MB
> node 3 free: 31736 MB
> node 4 cpus: 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
> node 4 size: 32512 MB
> node 4 free: 31739 MB
> node 5 cpus: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
> node 5 size: 32512 MB
> node 5 free: 31639 MB
> node 6 cpus: 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
> node 6 size: 65280 MB
> node 6 free: 63836 MB
> node 7 cpus: 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
> node 7 size: 65280 MB
> node 7 free: 64043 MB
> node distances:
> node 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0: 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
> 1: 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 20
> 2: 20 20 10 20 20 20 20 20
> 3: 20 20 20 10 20 20 20 20
> 4: 20 20 20 20 10 20 20 20
> 5: 20 20 20 20 20 10 20 20
> 6: 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 20
> 7: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev
> numa01: 1796.11 1848.89 1812.39 19.35
> numa02: 55.05 62.32 58.30 2.37
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0-mel_numa_balancing+()
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 1758.01 1929.12 1853.15 77.15 -2.11%
> numa02: 50.96 53.63 52.12 0.90 11.52%
>
> KernelVersion: 3.9.0-numa_balancing_v39+()
> Testcase: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
> numa01: 1081.66 1939.94 1500.01 350.20 16.10%
> numa02: 35.32 43.92 38.64 3.35 44.76%
>
>
> TODOs:
> 1. Use task loads for numa weights
> 2. Use numa faults as secondary key while moving threads
>
>
> Andrea Arcangeli (1):
> x86, mm: Prevent gcc to re-read the pagetables
>
> Srikar Dronamraju (9):
> sched: Introduce per node numa weights
> sched: Use numa weights while migrating tasks
> sched: Select a better task to pull across node using iterations
> sched: Move active_load_balance_cpu_stop to a new helper function
> sched: Extend idle balancing to look for consolidation of tasks
> sched: Limit migrations from a node
> sched: Pass hint to active balancer about the task to be chosen
> sched: Prevent a task from migrating immediately after an active balance
> sched: Choose a runqueue that has lesser local affinity tasks
>
> arch/x86/mm/gup.c | 23 ++-
> fs/exec.c | 6 +
> include/linux/mm_types.h | 2 +
> include/linux/sched.h | 4 +
> kernel/fork.c | 11 +-
> kernel/sched/core.c | 2 +
> kernel/sched/fair.c | 443 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> kernel/sched/sched.h | 4 +
> mm/memory.c | 2 +-
> 9 files changed, 475 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
>
-Andrew
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