Date:	Mon, 5 Aug 2013 11:54:29 +0200
From:	Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>
To:	Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
Cc:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
	KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@...fujitsu.com>,
	azurIt <azurit@...ox.sk>,
	KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@...fujitsu.com>,
	linux-mm@...ck.org, cgroups@...r.kernel.org, x86@...nel.org,
	linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [patch 7/7] mm: memcg: do not trap chargers with full callstack
 on OOM

On Sat 03-08-13 13:00:00, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> The memcg OOM handling is incredibly fragile and can deadlock.  When a
> task fails to charge memory, it invokes the OOM killer and loops right
> there in the charge code until it succeeds.  Comparably, any other
> task that enters the charge path at this point will go to a waitqueue
> right then and there and sleep until the OOM situation is resolved.
> The problem is that these tasks may hold filesystem locks and the
> mmap_sem; locks that the selected OOM victim may need to exit.
> 
> For example, in one reported case, the task invoking the OOM killer
> was about to charge a page cache page during a write(), which holds
> the i_mutex.  The OOM killer selected a task that was just entering
> truncate() and trying to acquire the i_mutex:
> 
> OOM invoking task:
> [<ffffffff8110a9c1>] mem_cgroup_handle_oom+0x241/0x3b0
> [<ffffffff8110b5ab>] T.1146+0x5ab/0x5c0
> [<ffffffff8110c22e>] mem_cgroup_cache_charge+0xbe/0xe0
> [<ffffffff810ca28c>] add_to_page_cache_locked+0x4c/0x140
> [<ffffffff810ca3a2>] add_to_page_cache_lru+0x22/0x50
> [<ffffffff810ca45b>] grab_cache_page_write_begin+0x8b/0xe0
> [<ffffffff81193a18>] ext3_write_begin+0x88/0x270
> [<ffffffff810c8fc6>] generic_file_buffered_write+0x116/0x290
> [<ffffffff810cb3cc>] __generic_file_aio_write+0x27c/0x480
> [<ffffffff810cb646>] generic_file_aio_write+0x76/0xf0           # takes ->i_mutex
> [<ffffffff8111156a>] do_sync_write+0xea/0x130
> [<ffffffff81112183>] vfs_write+0xf3/0x1f0
> [<ffffffff81112381>] sys_write+0x51/0x90
> [<ffffffff815b5926>] system_call_fastpath+0x18/0x1d
> [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
> 
> OOM kill victim:
> [<ffffffff811109b8>] do_truncate+0x58/0xa0              # takes i_mutex
> [<ffffffff81121c90>] do_last+0x250/0xa30
> [<ffffffff81122547>] path_openat+0xd7/0x440
> [<ffffffff811229c9>] do_filp_open+0x49/0xa0
> [<ffffffff8110f7d6>] do_sys_open+0x106/0x240
> [<ffffffff8110f950>] sys_open+0x20/0x30
> [<ffffffff815b5926>] system_call_fastpath+0x18/0x1d
> [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
> 
> The OOM handling task will retry the charge indefinitely while the OOM
> killed task is not releasing any resources.
> 
> A similar scenario can happen when the kernel OOM killer for a memcg
> is disabled and a userspace task is in charge of resolving OOM
> situations.  In this case, ALL tasks that enter the OOM path will be
> made to sleep on the OOM waitqueue and wait for userspace to free
> resources or increase the group's limit.  But a userspace OOM handler
> is prone to deadlock itself on the locks held by the waiting tasks.
> For example one of the sleeping tasks may be stuck in a brk() call
> with the mmap_sem held for writing but the userspace handler, in order
> to pick an optimal victim, may need to read files from /proc/<pid>,
> which tries to acquire the same mmap_sem for reading and deadlocks.
> 
> This patch changes the way tasks behave after detecting a memcg OOM
> and makes sure nobody loops or sleeps with locks held:
> 
> 1. When OOMing in a user fault, invoke the OOM killer and restart the
>    fault instead of looping on the charge attempt.  This way, the OOM
>    victim can not get stuck on locks the looping task may hold.
> 
> 2. When OOMing in a user fault but somebody else is handling it
>    (either the kernel OOM killer or a userspace handler), don't go to
>    sleep in the charge context.  Instead, remember the OOMing memcg in
>    the task struct and then fully unwind the page fault stack with
>    -ENOMEM.  pagefault_out_of_memory() will then call back into the
>    memcg code to check if the -ENOMEM came from the memcg, and then
>    either put the task to sleep on the memcg's OOM waitqueue or just
>    restart the fault.  The OOM victim can no longer get stuck on any
>    lock a sleeping task may hold.
> 
> Reported-by: Reported-by: azurIt <azurit@...ox.sk>
> Debugged-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>
> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>

I was thinking whether we should add task_in_memcg_oom into return to
the userspace path just in case but this should be OK for now and new
users of mem_cgroup_enable_oom will be fought against hard.

Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>

Thanks

> ---
>  include/linux/memcontrol.h |  21 +++++++
>  include/linux/sched.h      |   4 ++
>  mm/memcontrol.c            | 154 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
>  mm/memory.c                |   3 +
>  mm/oom_kill.c              |   7 ++-
>  5 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> index 9c449c1..cb84058 100644
> --- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> +++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
> @@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ extern void mem_cgroup_replace_page_cache(struct page *oldpage,
>   *
>   * Toggle whether a failed memcg charge should invoke the OOM killer
>   * or just return -ENOMEM.  Returns the previous toggle state.
> + *
> + * NOTE: Any path that enables the OOM killer before charging must
> + *       call mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize() afterward to finalize the
> + *       OOM handling and clean up.
>   */
>  static inline bool mem_cgroup_toggle_oom(bool new)
>  {
> @@ -156,6 +160,13 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_disable_oom(void)
>  	WARN_ON(old == false);
>  }
>  
> +static inline bool task_in_memcg_oom(struct task_struct *p)
> +{
> +	return p->memcg_oom.in_memcg_oom;
> +}
> +
> +bool mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(void);
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
>  extern int do_swap_account;
>  #endif
> @@ -392,6 +403,16 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_disable_oom(void)
>  {
>  }
>  
> +static inline bool task_in_memcg_oom(struct task_struct *p)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(void)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
>  static inline void mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat(struct page *page,
>  					    enum mem_cgroup_page_stat_item idx)
>  {
> diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
> index 4b3effc..4593e27 100644
> --- a/include/linux/sched.h
> +++ b/include/linux/sched.h
> @@ -1400,6 +1400,10 @@ struct task_struct {
>  	unsigned int memcg_kmem_skip_account;
>  	struct memcg_oom_info {
>  		unsigned int may_oom:1;
> +		unsigned int in_memcg_oom:1;
> +		unsigned int oom_locked:1;
> +		int wakeups;
> +		struct mem_cgroup *wait_on_memcg;
>  	} memcg_oom;
>  #endif
>  #ifdef CONFIG_UPROBES
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index 3d0c1d3..b30c67a 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ struct mem_cgroup {
>  
>  	bool		oom_lock;
>  	atomic_t	under_oom;
> +	atomic_t	oom_wakeups;
>  
>  	int	swappiness;
>  	/* OOM-Killer disable */
> @@ -2180,6 +2181,7 @@ static int memcg_oom_wake_function(wait_queue_t *wait,
>  
>  static void memcg_wakeup_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
>  {
> +	atomic_inc(&memcg->oom_wakeups);
>  	/* for filtering, pass "memcg" as argument. */
>  	__wake_up(&memcg_oom_waitq, TASK_NORMAL, 0, memcg);
>  }
> @@ -2191,19 +2193,17 @@ static void memcg_oom_recover(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
>  }
>  
>  /*
> - * try to call OOM killer. returns false if we should exit memory-reclaim loop.
> + * try to call OOM killer
>   */
> -static bool mem_cgroup_handle_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask,
> -				  int order)
> +static void mem_cgroup_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask, int order)
>  {
> -	struct oom_wait_info owait;
>  	bool locked;
> +	int wakeups;
>  
> -	owait.memcg = memcg;
> -	owait.wait.flags = 0;
> -	owait.wait.func = memcg_oom_wake_function;
> -	owait.wait.private = current;
> -	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&owait.wait.task_list);
> +	if (!current->memcg_oom.may_oom)
> +		return;
> +
> +	current->memcg_oom.in_memcg_oom = 1;
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * As with any blocking lock, a contender needs to start
> @@ -2211,12 +2211,8 @@ static bool mem_cgroup_handle_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask,
>  	 * otherwise it can miss the wakeup from the unlock and sleep
>  	 * indefinitely.  This is just open-coded because our locking
>  	 * is so particular to memcg hierarchies.
> -	 *
> -	 * Even if signal_pending(), we can't quit charge() loop without
> -	 * accounting. So, UNINTERRUPTIBLE is appropriate. But SIGKILL
> -	 * under OOM is always welcomed, use TASK_KILLABLE here.
>  	 */
> -	prepare_to_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait, TASK_KILLABLE);
> +	wakeups = atomic_read(&memcg->oom_wakeups);
>  	mem_cgroup_mark_under_oom(memcg);
>  
>  	locked = mem_cgroup_oom_trylock(memcg);
> @@ -2226,15 +2222,95 @@ static bool mem_cgroup_handle_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask,
>  
>  	if (locked && !memcg->oom_kill_disable) {
>  		mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom(memcg);
> -		finish_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait);
>  		mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(memcg, mask, order);
> +		mem_cgroup_oom_unlock(memcg);
> +		/*
> +		 * There is no guarantee that an OOM-lock contender
> +		 * sees the wakeups triggered by the OOM kill
> +		 * uncharges.  Wake any sleepers explicitely.
> +		 */
> +		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
>  	} else {
> -		schedule();
> -		mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom(memcg);
> -		finish_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait);
> +		/*
> +		 * A system call can just return -ENOMEM, but if this
> +		 * is a page fault and somebody else is handling the
> +		 * OOM already, we need to sleep on the OOM waitqueue
> +		 * for this memcg until the situation is resolved.
> +		 * Which can take some time because it might be
> +		 * handled by a userspace task.
> +		 *
> +		 * However, this is the charge context, which means
> +		 * that we may sit on a large call stack and hold
> +		 * various filesystem locks, the mmap_sem etc. and we
> +		 * don't want the OOM handler to deadlock on them
> +		 * while we sit here and wait.  Store the current OOM
> +		 * context in the task_struct, then return -ENOMEM.
> +		 * At the end of the page fault handler, with the
> +		 * stack unwound, pagefault_out_of_memory() will check
> +		 * back with us by calling
> +		 * mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(), possibly putting the
> +		 * task to sleep.
> +		 */
> +		current->memcg_oom.oom_locked = locked;
> +		current->memcg_oom.wakeups = wakeups;
> +		css_get(&memcg->css);
> +		current->memcg_oom.wait_on_memcg = memcg;
>  	}
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize - complete memcg OOM handling
> + *
> + * This has to be called at the end of a page fault if the the memcg
> + * OOM handler was enabled and the fault is returning %VM_FAULT_OOM.
> + *
> + * Memcg supports userspace OOM handling, so failed allocations must
> + * sleep on a waitqueue until the userspace task resolves the
> + * situation.  Sleeping directly in the charge context with all kinds
> + * of locks held is not a good idea, instead we remember an OOM state
> + * in the task and mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize() has to be called at
> + * the end of the page fault to put the task to sleep and clean up the
> + * OOM state.
> + *
> + * Returns %true if an ongoing memcg OOM situation was detected and
> + * finalized, %false otherwise.
> + */
> +bool mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(void)
> +{
> +	struct oom_wait_info owait;
> +	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
> +
> +	/* OOM is global, do not handle */
> +	if (!current->memcg_oom.in_memcg_oom)
> +		return false;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * We invoked the OOM killer but there is a chance that a kill
> +	 * did not free up any charges.  Everybody else might already
> +	 * be sleeping, so restart the fault and keep the rampage
> +	 * going until some charges are released.
> +	 */
> +	memcg = current->memcg_oom.wait_on_memcg;
> +	if (!memcg)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) || fatal_signal_pending(current))
> +		goto out_memcg;
> +
> +	owait.memcg = memcg;
> +	owait.wait.flags = 0;
> +	owait.wait.func = memcg_oom_wake_function;
> +	owait.wait.private = current;
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&owait.wait.task_list);
>  
> -	if (locked) {
> +	prepare_to_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait, TASK_KILLABLE);
> +	/* Only sleep if we didn't miss any wakeups since OOM */
> +	if (atomic_read(&memcg->oom_wakeups) == current->memcg_oom.wakeups)
> +		schedule();
> +	finish_wait(&memcg_oom_waitq, &owait.wait);
> +out_memcg:
> +	mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom(memcg);
> +	if (current->memcg_oom.oom_locked) {
>  		mem_cgroup_oom_unlock(memcg);
>  		/*
>  		 * There is no guarantee that an OOM-lock contender
> @@ -2243,11 +2319,10 @@ static bool mem_cgroup_handle_oom(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t mask,
>  		 */
>  		memcg_oom_recover(memcg);
>  	}
> -
> -	if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) || fatal_signal_pending(current))
> -		return false;
> -	/* Give chance to dying process */
> -	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
> +	css_put(&memcg->css);
> +	current->memcg_oom.wait_on_memcg = NULL;
> +out:
> +	current->memcg_oom.in_memcg_oom = 0;
>  	return true;
>  }
>  
> @@ -2560,12 +2635,11 @@ enum {
>  	CHARGE_RETRY,		/* need to retry but retry is not bad */
>  	CHARGE_NOMEM,		/* we can't do more. return -ENOMEM */
>  	CHARGE_WOULDBLOCK,	/* GFP_WAIT wasn't set and no enough res. */
> -	CHARGE_OOM_DIE,		/* the current is killed because of OOM */
>  };
>  
>  static int mem_cgroup_do_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  				unsigned int nr_pages, unsigned int min_pages,
> -				bool oom_check)
> +				bool invoke_oom)
>  {
>  	unsigned long csize = nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
>  	struct mem_cgroup *mem_over_limit;
> @@ -2622,14 +2696,10 @@ static int mem_cgroup_do_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  	if (mem_cgroup_wait_acct_move(mem_over_limit))
>  		return CHARGE_RETRY;
>  
> -	/* If we don't need to call oom-killer at el, return immediately */
> -	if (!oom_check || !current->memcg_oom.may_oom)
> -		return CHARGE_NOMEM;
> -	/* check OOM */
> -	if (!mem_cgroup_handle_oom(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask, get_order(csize)))
> -		return CHARGE_OOM_DIE;
> +	if (invoke_oom)
> +		mem_cgroup_oom(mem_over_limit, gfp_mask, get_order(csize));
>  
> -	return CHARGE_RETRY;
> +	return CHARGE_NOMEM;
>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -2732,7 +2802,7 @@ again:
>  	}
>  
>  	do {
> -		bool oom_check;
> +		bool invoke_oom = oom && !nr_oom_retries;
>  
>  		/* If killed, bypass charge */
>  		if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
> @@ -2740,14 +2810,8 @@ again:
>  			goto bypass;
>  		}
>  
> -		oom_check = false;
> -		if (oom && !nr_oom_retries) {
> -			oom_check = true;
> -			nr_oom_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
> -		}
> -
> -		ret = mem_cgroup_do_charge(memcg, gfp_mask, batch, nr_pages,
> -		    oom_check);
> +		ret = mem_cgroup_do_charge(memcg, gfp_mask, batch,
> +					   nr_pages, invoke_oom);
>  		switch (ret) {
>  		case CHARGE_OK:
>  			break;
> @@ -2760,16 +2824,12 @@ again:
>  			css_put(&memcg->css);
>  			goto nomem;
>  		case CHARGE_NOMEM: /* OOM routine works */
> -			if (!oom) {
> +			if (!oom || invoke_oom) {
>  				css_put(&memcg->css);
>  				goto nomem;
>  			}
> -			/* If oom, we never return -ENOMEM */
>  			nr_oom_retries--;
>  			break;
> -		case CHARGE_OOM_DIE: /* Killed by OOM Killer */
> -			css_put(&memcg->css);
> -			goto bypass;
>  		}
>  	} while (ret != CHARGE_OK);
>  
> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> index 58ef726..91da6fb 100644
> --- a/mm/memory.c
> +++ b/mm/memory.c
> @@ -3868,6 +3868,9 @@ int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>  	if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER)
>  		mem_cgroup_disable_oom();
>  
> +	if (WARN_ON(task_in_memcg_oom(current) && !(ret & VM_FAULT_OOM)))
> +		mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize();
> +
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
> diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
> index 98e75f2..314e9d2 100644
> --- a/mm/oom_kill.c
> +++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
> @@ -678,9 +678,12 @@ out:
>   */
>  void pagefault_out_of_memory(void)
>  {
> -	struct zonelist *zonelist = node_zonelist(first_online_node,
> -						  GFP_KERNEL);
> +	struct zonelist *zonelist;
>  
> +	if (mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize())
> +		return;
> +
> +	zonelist = node_zonelist(first_online_node, GFP_KERNEL);
>  	if (try_set_zonelist_oom(zonelist, GFP_KERNEL)) {
>  		out_of_memory(NULL, 0, 0, NULL, false);
>  		clear_zonelist_oom(zonelist, GFP_KERNEL);
> -- 
> 1.8.3.2
> 

-- 
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs
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