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Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 11:54:47 -0800
From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
linux-arch@...r.kernel.org,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
Waiman Long <waiman.long@...com>,
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
Alex Shi <alex.shi@...aro.org>,
Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>,
Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>,
Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@...com>,
Matthew R Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@...el.com>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
Peter Hurley <peter@...leysoftware.com>,
Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
George Spelvin <linux@...izon.com>,
"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@...com>,
Scott J Norton <scott.norton@...com>,
Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
"Figo.zhang" <figo1802@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 1/4] MCS Lock: Restructure the MCS lock defines and
locking code into its own file
On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 11:42:32AM -0800, Tim Chen wrote:
> On Tue, 2013-11-19 at 11:10 -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > On Fri, Nov 08, 2013 at 11:51:52AM -0800, Tim Chen wrote:
> > > We will need the MCS lock code for doing optimistic spinning for rwsem
> > > and queue rwlock. Extracting the MCS code from mutex.c and put into
> > > its own file allow us to reuse this code easily.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>
> > > Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@...com>
> >
> > Please see comments below.
> >
>
> Thanks for reviewing the code.
>
> > Thanx, Paul
> >
> > > ---
> > > include/linux/mcs_spinlock.h | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > include/linux/mutex.h | 5 ++-
> > > kernel/locking/mutex.c | 60 ++++----------------------------------
> > > 3 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)
> > > create mode 100644 include/linux/mcs_spinlock.h
> > >
> > > diff --git a/include/linux/mcs_spinlock.h b/include/linux/mcs_spinlock.h
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000..b5de3b0
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/include/linux/mcs_spinlock.h
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
> > > +/*
> > > + * MCS lock defines
> > > + *
> > > + * This file contains the main data structure and API definitions of MCS lock.
> > > + *
> > > + * The MCS lock (proposed by Mellor-Crummey and Scott) is a simple spin-lock
> > > + * with the desirable properties of being fair, and with each cpu trying
> > > + * to acquire the lock spinning on a local variable.
> > > + * It avoids expensive cache bouncings that common test-and-set spin-lock
> > > + * implementations incur.
> > > + */
> > > +#ifndef __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
> > > +#define __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
> > > +
> > > +struct mcs_spinlock {
> > > + struct mcs_spinlock *next;
> > > + int locked; /* 1 if lock acquired */
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +/*
> > > + * We don't inline mcs_spin_lock() so that perf can correctly account for the
> > > + * time spent in this lock function.
> > > + */
> > > +static noinline
> > > +void mcs_spin_lock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
> > > +{
> > > + struct mcs_spinlock *prev;
> > > +
> > > + /* Init node */
> > > + node->locked = 0;
> > > + node->next = NULL;
> > > +
> > > + prev = xchg(lock, node);
> >
> > OK, the full memory barriers implied by xchg() ensure that *node will be
> > initialized before the "ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node" below puts the
> > node into the list. This rules out the misordering scenario that Tim
> > Chen called out in message-id <1380322005.3467.186.camel@...en9-DESK>
> > on September 27th.
> >
> > Assuming of course a corresponding barrier on the lock handoff side.
> >
> > > + if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
> > > + /* Lock acquired */
> > > + node->locked = 1;
> > > + return;
> > > + }
> > > + ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node;
> > > + smp_wmb();
> >
> > I don't see what the above memory barrier does. Here are some things
> > that it cannot be doing:
> >
> > o Ordering the insertion into the list above with the polling
> > below. First, smp_wmb() does not order prior writes against
> > later reads, and second misordering is harmless. If we start
> > polling before the insertion is complete, all that happens
> > is that the first few polls have no chance of seeing a lock
> > grant.
> >
> > o Ordering the polling against the initialization -- the above
> > xchg() is already doing that for us.
> >
> > So what is its purpose?
>
> Agree that the smp_wmb is not needed. It is in the existing mcs code
> residing in mutex.c and we're re-factoring the code only here and hasn't
> corrected the memory barrier.
Ah, so I should have been more aggressive about reviewing some time back,
then... ;-)
Thanx, Paul
> The particular smp_wmb() is removed in Patch 4/4 that corrects the
> memory barriers.
>
> >
> > > + /* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down */
> > > + while (!ACCESS_ONCE(node->locked))
> > > + arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
> >
> > On the other hand, I don't see how we get away without a barrier here.
> > As written, what prevents the caller's load from ->owner from being
> > reordered with the above load from ->locked? (Perhaps you can argue
> > that such reordering is only a performance problem, but if so we need
> > that argument recorded in comments.)
> >
> > Of course, if anyone ever tries to use mcs_spin_lock() as a full lock,
> > they will need a memory barrier here to prevent the critical section
> > from leaking out.
>
> Agree too. The appropriate memory barrier is added in Patch 4/4.
>
> >
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +static void mcs_spin_unlock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
> > > +{
> > > + struct mcs_spinlock *next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next);
> > > +
> > > + if (likely(!next)) {
> > > + /*
> > > + * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
> > > + */
> > > + if (cmpxchg(lock, node, NULL) == node)
> > > + return;
> > > + /* Wait until the next pointer is set */
> > > + while (!(next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next)))
> > > + arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
> > > + }
> >
> > We need a memory barrier somewhere before here in this function,
> > otherwise the critical section can leak out. I do not believe that
> > we can rely on the prohibition against speculative stores that Peter
> > Zijlstra and I have been discussing because that does not provide the
> > transitivity required by locking primitives. I believe that we -could-
> > make the access below be an smp_store_release(), though.
> >
> > Placing the barrier here (or at least not preceding the initial
> > fetch from node->next) has the advantage of allowing it to pair with
> > the xchg() in mcs_spin_lock(), though given the dependency only an
> > smp_read_barrier_depends() is required for that purpose.
> >
> > > + ACCESS_ONCE(next->locked) = 1;
> > > + smp_wmb();
> >
> > I don't see what this barrier does for us. It is ordering the unlock
> > store with what, exactly?
> >
> > If it really is doing something, we need a big fat comment stating what
> > that is, and checkpatch.pl will be happy to inform you. ;-)
> >
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +#endif /* __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H */
> > > diff --git a/include/linux/mutex.h b/include/linux/mutex.h
> > > index bab49da..32a32e6 100644
> > > --- a/include/linux/mutex.h
> > > +++ b/include/linux/mutex.h
> > > @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
> > > * - detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
> > > * locks and tasks (and only those tasks)
> > > */
> > > +struct mcs_spinlock;
> > > struct mutex {
> > > /* 1: unlocked, 0: locked, negative: locked, possible waiters */
> > > atomic_t count;
> > > @@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ struct mutex {
> > > struct task_struct *owner;
> > > #endif
> > > #ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
> > > - void *spin_mlock; /* Spinner MCS lock */
> > > + struct mcs_spinlock *mcs_lock; /* Spinner MCS lock */
> > > #endif
> > > #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
> > > const char *name;
> > > @@ -179,4 +180,4 @@ extern int atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(atomic_t *cnt, struct mutex *lock);
> > > # define arch_mutex_cpu_relax() cpu_relax()
> > > #endif
> > >
> > > -#endif
> > > +#endif /* __LINUX_MUTEX_H */
> > > diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex.c b/kernel/locking/mutex.c
> > > index d24105b..e08b183 100644
> > > --- a/kernel/locking/mutex.c
> > > +++ b/kernel/locking/mutex.c
> > > @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
> > > #include <linux/spinlock.h>
> > > #include <linux/interrupt.h>
> > > #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
> > > +#include <linux/mcs_spinlock.h>
> > >
> > > /*
> > > * In the DEBUG case we are using the "NULL fastpath" for mutexes,
> > > @@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ __mutex_init(struct mutex *lock, const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
> > > INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->wait_list);
> > > mutex_clear_owner(lock);
> > > #ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
> > > - lock->spin_mlock = NULL;
> > > + lock->mcs_lock = NULL;
> > > #endif
> > >
> > > debug_mutex_init(lock, name, key);
> > > @@ -111,54 +112,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock);
> > > * more or less simultaneously, the spinners need to acquire a MCS lock
> > > * first before spinning on the owner field.
> > > *
> > > - * We don't inline mspin_lock() so that perf can correctly account for the
> > > - * time spent in this lock function.
> > > */
> > > -struct mspin_node {
> > > - struct mspin_node *next ;
> > > - int locked; /* 1 if lock acquired */
> > > -};
> > > -#define MLOCK(mutex) ((struct mspin_node **)&((mutex)->spin_mlock))
> > > -
> > > -static noinline
> > > -void mspin_lock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
> > > -{
> > > - struct mspin_node *prev;
> > > -
> > > - /* Init node */
> > > - node->locked = 0;
> > > - node->next = NULL;
> > > -
> > > - prev = xchg(lock, node);
> > > - if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
> > > - /* Lock acquired */
> > > - node->locked = 1;
> > > - return;
> > > - }
> > > - ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node;
> > > - smp_wmb();
> > > - /* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down */
> > > - while (!ACCESS_ONCE(node->locked))
> > > - arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
> > > -}
> > > -
> > > -static void mspin_unlock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
> > > -{
> > > - struct mspin_node *next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next);
> > > -
> > > - if (likely(!next)) {
> > > - /*
> > > - * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
> > > - */
> > > - if (cmpxchg(lock, node, NULL) == node)
> > > - return;
> > > - /* Wait until the next pointer is set */
> > > - while (!(next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next)))
> > > - arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
> > > - }
> > > - ACCESS_ONCE(next->locked) = 1;
> > > - smp_wmb();
> > > -}
> > >
> > > /*
> > > * Mutex spinning code migrated from kernel/sched/core.c
> > > @@ -448,7 +402,7 @@ __mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
> > >
> > > for (;;) {
> > > struct task_struct *owner;
> > > - struct mspin_node node;
> > > + struct mcs_spinlock node;
> > >
> > > if (use_ww_ctx && ww_ctx->acquired > 0) {
> > > struct ww_mutex *ww;
> > > @@ -470,10 +424,10 @@ __mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
> > > * If there's an owner, wait for it to either
> > > * release the lock or go to sleep.
> > > */
> > > - mspin_lock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
> > > + mcs_spin_lock(&lock->mcs_lock, &node);
> > > owner = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->owner);
> > > if (owner && !mutex_spin_on_owner(lock, owner)) {
> > > - mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
> > > + mcs_spin_unlock(&lock->mcs_lock, &node);
> > > goto slowpath;
> > > }
> > >
> > > @@ -488,11 +442,11 @@ __mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
> > > }
> > >
> > > mutex_set_owner(lock);
> > > - mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
> > > + mcs_spin_unlock(&lock->mcs_lock, &node);
> > > preempt_enable();
> > > return 0;
> > > }
> > > - mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
> > > + mcs_spin_unlock(&lock->mcs_lock, &node);
> > >
> > > /*
> > > * When there's no owner, we might have preempted between the
> > > --
> > > 1.7.4.4
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> > --
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>
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