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Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2014 12:01:18 -0800
From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Mike Galbraith <bitbucket@...ine.de>, X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>,
"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC] sched: Add a new lockless wake-from-idle implementation
On Thu, Feb 13, 2014 at 6:50 AM, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 12, 2014 at 05:40:12PM -0800, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>> This is a strawman proposal to simplify the idle implementation, eliminate
>> a race
>>
>> Benefits over current code:
>> - ttwu_queue_remote doesn't use an IPI unless needed
>> - The diffstat should speak for itself :)
>> - Less racy. Spurious IPIs are possible, but only in narrow windows or
>> when two wakeups occur in rapid succession.
>> - Seems to work (?)
>>
>> Issues:
>> - Am I doing the percpu stuff right?
>> - Needs work on non-x86 architectures
>> - The !CONFIG_SMP case needs to be checked
>> - Is "idlepoll" a good name for the new code? It doesn't have *that*
>> much to do with the idle state. Maybe cpukick?
>>
>> If this turns out okay, TIF_NEED_RESCHED could possibly be deleted as well.
>
> No, we can't do away with that; its used in some fairly critical paths
> (return to userspace) and adding a second cacheline load there would be
> unfortunate.
>
> I also don't really like how the polling state is an atomic; its a cpu
> local property.
>
> Now given we can't get rid of TIF_NEED_RESCHED, and we need an atomic op
> on a remote cacheline anyhow; the simplest solution would be to convert
> all TS_POLLING users to TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG and use an atomic_or_return()
> like construct to do:
>
> atomic_or_return(&ti->flags, _TIF_NEED_RESCHED) & _TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG
>
> and avoid the IPI if that is false.
>
> Something a little like this; it does require a lot of auditing; but it
> boots on my x86_64.
On further consideration, I think I like this approach. It's a
simpler change than mine and it appears to work (unlike mine, and I
still haven't figured out what I'm doing wrong). If anyone wants to
get rid of the cmpxchg loop, a trick like would likely work well built
on top of this.
That being said, I can't really test this, because I can't seem to
boot any recent 3.14-based kernel on real hardware, and they die
before they produce any output. They work fine in QEMU.
--Andy
>
> ---
> arch/x86/include/asm/mwait.h | 19 ++++----
> arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h | 4 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/process.c | 8 ++--
> include/linux/sched.h | 90 +++-----------------------------------
> kernel/sched/core.c | 70 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
> kernel/sched/idle.c | 40 ++++++++---------
> kernel/sched/sched.h | 3 ++
> 7 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mwait.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mwait.h
> index 1da25a5f96f9..d6a7b7cdc478 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/mwait.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mwait.h
> @@ -42,18 +42,15 @@ static inline void __mwait(unsigned long eax, unsigned long ecx)
> */
> static inline void mwait_idle_with_hints(unsigned long eax, unsigned long ecx)
> {
> - if (!current_set_polling_and_test()) {
> - if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH_MONITOR)) {
> - mb();
> - clflush((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags);
> - mb();
> - }
> -
> - __monitor((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags, 0, 0);
> - if (!need_resched())
> - __mwait(eax, ecx);
> + if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH_MONITOR)) {
> + mb();
> + clflush((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags);
> + mb();
> }
> - current_clr_polling();
> +
> + __monitor((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags, 0, 0);
> + if (!need_resched())
> + __mwait(eax, ecx);
> }
>
> #endif /* _ASM_X86_MWAIT_H */
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> index e1940c06ed02..1f2fe575cfca 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> @@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define TIF_FORK 18 /* ret_from_fork */
> #define TIF_NOHZ 19 /* in adaptive nohz mode */
> #define TIF_MEMDIE 20 /* is terminating due to OOM killer */
> +#define TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG 21
> #define TIF_IO_BITMAP 22 /* uses I/O bitmap */
> #define TIF_FORCED_TF 24 /* true if TF in eflags artificially */
> #define TIF_BLOCKSTEP 25 /* set when we want DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF */
> @@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define _TIF_IA32 (1 << TIF_IA32)
> #define _TIF_FORK (1 << TIF_FORK)
> #define _TIF_NOHZ (1 << TIF_NOHZ)
> +#define _TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG (1 << TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG)
> #define _TIF_IO_BITMAP (1 << TIF_IO_BITMAP)
> #define _TIF_FORCED_TF (1 << TIF_FORCED_TF)
> #define _TIF_BLOCKSTEP (1 << TIF_BLOCKSTEP)
> @@ -234,8 +236,6 @@ static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void)
> * have to worry about atomic accesses.
> */
> #define TS_COMPAT 0x0002 /* 32bit syscall active (64BIT)*/
> -#define TS_POLLING 0x0004 /* idle task polling need_resched,
> - skip sending interrupt */
> #define TS_RESTORE_SIGMASK 0x0008 /* restore signal mask in do_signal() */
>
> #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
> index 4505e2a950d8..298c002629c6 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
> @@ -306,9 +306,11 @@ void arch_cpu_idle(void)
> */
> void default_idle(void)
> {
> - trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(1, smp_processor_id());
> - safe_halt();
> - trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(PWR_EVENT_EXIT, smp_processor_id());
> + if (!current_clr_polling_and_test()) {
> + trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(1, smp_processor_id());
> + safe_halt();
> + trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(PWR_EVENT_EXIT, smp_processor_id());
> + }
> }
> #ifdef CONFIG_APM_MODULE
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_idle);
> diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
> index c49a2585ff7d..b326abe95978 100644
> --- a/include/linux/sched.h
> +++ b/include/linux/sched.h
> @@ -2692,85 +2692,26 @@ static inline int spin_needbreak(spinlock_t *lock)
> * thread_info.status and one based on TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG in
> * thread_info.flags
> */
> -#ifdef TS_POLLING
> -static inline int tsk_is_polling(struct task_struct *p)
> -{
> - return task_thread_info(p)->status & TS_POLLING;
> -}
> -static inline void __current_set_polling(void)
> -{
> - current_thread_info()->status |= TS_POLLING;
> -}
> -
> -static inline bool __must_check current_set_polling_and_test(void)
> -{
> - __current_set_polling();
> -
> - /*
> - * Polling state must be visible before we test NEED_RESCHED,
> - * paired by resched_task()
> - */
> - smp_mb();
> -
> - return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> -}
> -
> -static inline void __current_clr_polling(void)
> -{
> - current_thread_info()->status &= ~TS_POLLING;
> -}
> -
> -static inline bool __must_check current_clr_polling_and_test(void)
> -{
> - __current_clr_polling();
> -
> - /*
> - * Polling state must be visible before we test NEED_RESCHED,
> - * paired by resched_task()
> - */
> - smp_mb();
> -
> - return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> -}
> -#elif defined(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG)
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> static inline int tsk_is_polling(struct task_struct *p)
> {
> return test_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG);
> }
>
> -static inline void __current_set_polling(void)
> +static inline void current_set_polling(void)
> {
> set_thread_flag(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG);
> }
>
> -static inline bool __must_check current_set_polling_and_test(void)
> -{
> - __current_set_polling();
> -
> - /*
> - * Polling state must be visible before we test NEED_RESCHED,
> - * paired by resched_task()
> - *
> - * XXX: assumes set/clear bit are identical barrier wise.
> - */
> - smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
> -
> - return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> -}
> -
> -static inline void __current_clr_polling(void)
> +static inline void current_clr_polling(void)
> {
> clear_thread_flag(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG);
> }
>
> static inline bool __must_check current_clr_polling_and_test(void)
> {
> - __current_clr_polling();
> + current_clr_polling();
>
> - /*
> - * Polling state must be visible before we test NEED_RESCHED,
> - * paired by resched_task()
> - */
> smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
>
> return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> @@ -2778,34 +2719,15 @@ static inline bool __must_check current_clr_polling_and_test(void)
>
> #else
> static inline int tsk_is_polling(struct task_struct *p) { return 0; }
> -static inline void __current_set_polling(void) { }
> -static inline void __current_clr_polling(void) { }
> +static inline void current_set_polling(void) { }
> +static inline void current_clr_polling(void) { }
>
> -static inline bool __must_check current_set_polling_and_test(void)
> -{
> - return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> -}
> static inline bool __must_check current_clr_polling_and_test(void)
> {
> return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> }
> #endif
>
> -static inline void current_clr_polling(void)
> -{
> - __current_clr_polling();
> -
> - /*
> - * Ensure we check TIF_NEED_RESCHED after we clear the polling bit.
> - * Once the bit is cleared, we'll get IPIs with every new
> - * TIF_NEED_RESCHED and the IPI handler, scheduler_ipi(), will also
> - * fold.
> - */
> - smp_mb(); /* paired with resched_task() */
> -
> - preempt_fold_need_resched();
> -}
> -
> static __always_inline bool need_resched(void)
> {
> return unlikely(tif_need_resched());
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
> index fb9764fbc537..19de9a1cc96c 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/core.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
> @@ -504,45 +504,63 @@ static inline void init_hrtick(void)
> }
> #endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK */
>
> -/*
> - * resched_task - mark a task 'to be rescheduled now'.
> - *
> - * On UP this means the setting of the need_resched flag, on SMP it
> - * might also involve a cross-CPU call to trigger the scheduler on
> - * the target CPU.
> - */
> -void resched_task(struct task_struct *p)
> +static void __resched_cpu(int cpu)
> {
> - int cpu;
> + struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
> + struct task_struct *p;
> + struct thread_info *ti;
> + unsigned long val, old, new;
> + bool ipi;
>
> - lockdep_assert_held(&task_rq(p)->lock);
> + rcu_read_lock();
> + do {
> + p = ACCESS_ONCE(rq->curr);
> + ti = task_thread_info(p);
> +
> + val = ti->flags;
> + for (;;) {
> + new = val | _TIF_NEED_RESCHED;
> + old = cmpxchg(&ti->flags, val, new);
> + if (old == val)
> + break;
> + val = old;
> + }
>
> - if (test_tsk_need_resched(p))
> - return;
> + ipi = !(old & _TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG);
>
> - set_tsk_need_resched(p);
> + } while (p != ACCESS_ONCE(rq->curr));
> + rcu_read_unlock();
>
> - cpu = task_cpu(p);
> + if (ipi)
> + smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
> +}
> +
> +void resched_cpu(int cpu)
> +{
> if (cpu == smp_processor_id()) {
> + set_tsk_need_resched(current);
> set_preempt_need_resched();
> return;
> }
>
> - /* NEED_RESCHED must be visible before we test polling */
> - smp_mb();
> - if (!tsk_is_polling(p))
> - smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
> + __resched_cpu(cpu);
> }
>
> -void resched_cpu(int cpu)
> +/*
> + * resched_task - mark a task 'to be rescheduled now'.
> + *
> + * On UP this means the setting of the need_resched flag, on SMP it
> + * might also involve a cross-CPU call to trigger the scheduler on
> + * the target CPU.
> + */
> +void resched_task(struct task_struct *p)
> {
> - struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
> - unsigned long flags;
> + lockdep_assert_held(&task_rq(p)->lock);
>
> - if (!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags))
> + if (test_tsk_need_resched(p))
> return;
> - resched_task(cpu_curr(cpu));
> - raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
> +
> + resched_cpu(task_cpu(p));
> }
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> @@ -1476,7 +1494,7 @@ static int ttwu_remote(struct task_struct *p, int wake_flags)
> }
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> -static void sched_ttwu_pending(void)
> +void sched_ttwu_pending(void)
> {
> struct rq *rq = this_rq();
> struct llist_node *llist = llist_del_all(&rq->wake_list);
> @@ -2689,7 +2707,7 @@ static void __sched __schedule(void)
> update_rq_clock(rq);
>
> next = pick_next_task(rq, prev);
> - clear_tsk_need_resched(prev);
> + clear_tsk_need_resched(next);
> clear_preempt_need_resched();
> rq->skip_clock_update = 0;
>
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/idle.c b/kernel/sched/idle.c
> index 14ca43430aee..03748737473e 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/idle.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/idle.c
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> #include <asm/tlb.h>
>
> #include <trace/events/power.h>
> +#include "sched.h"
>
> static int __read_mostly cpu_idle_force_poll;
>
> @@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ static void cpu_idle_loop(void)
> while (1) {
> tick_nohz_idle_enter();
>
> + current_set_polling();
> +
> while (!need_resched()) {
> check_pgt_cache();
> rmb();
> @@ -93,29 +96,27 @@ static void cpu_idle_loop(void)
> if (cpu_idle_force_poll || tick_check_broadcast_expired()) {
> cpu_idle_poll();
> } else {
> - if (!current_clr_polling_and_test()) {
> - stop_critical_timings();
> - rcu_idle_enter();
> - if (cpuidle_idle_call())
> - arch_cpu_idle();
> - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(irqs_disabled()))
> - local_irq_enable();
> - rcu_idle_exit();
> - start_critical_timings();
> - } else {
> + stop_critical_timings();
> + rcu_idle_enter();
> + if (cpuidle_idle_call())
> + arch_cpu_idle();
> + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(irqs_disabled()))
> local_irq_enable();
> - }
> - __current_set_polling();
> + rcu_idle_exit();
> + start_critical_timings();
> }
> arch_cpu_idle_exit();
> - /*
> - * We need to test and propagate the TIF_NEED_RESCHED
> - * bit here because we might not have send the
> - * reschedule IPI to idle tasks.
> - */
> - if (tif_need_resched())
> - set_preempt_need_resched();
> }
> +
> + current_clr_polling();
> +
> + /*
> + * We need to test and propagate the TIF_NEED_RESCHED bit here
> + * because we might not have send the reschedule IPI to idle
> + * tasks.
> + */
> + set_preempt_need_resched();
> + sched_ttwu_pending();
> tick_nohz_idle_exit();
> schedule_preempt_disabled();
> }
> @@ -138,7 +139,6 @@ void cpu_startup_entry(enum cpuhp_state state)
> */
> boot_init_stack_canary();
> #endif
> - __current_set_polling();
> arch_cpu_idle_prepare();
> cpu_idle_loop();
> }
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> index 1bf34c257d3b..269b1a4e0bdf 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
> +++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> @@ -1160,6 +1160,7 @@ extern const struct sched_class idle_sched_class;
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
>
> +extern void sched_ttwu_pending(void);
> extern void update_group_power(struct sched_domain *sd, int cpu);
>
> extern void trigger_load_balance(struct rq *rq);
> @@ -1170,6 +1171,8 @@ extern void idle_exit_fair(struct rq *this_rq);
>
> #else /* CONFIG_SMP */
>
> +static inline void sched_ttwu_pending(void) { }
> +
> static inline void idle_balance(int cpu, struct rq *rq)
> {
> }
>
>
>
--
Andy Lutomirski
AMA Capital Management, LLC
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