Date:	Mon, 21 Apr 2014 17:53:30 -0700
From:	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
To:	Andrew Lutomirski <amluto@...il.com>
CC:	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...ux.intel.com>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
	Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@...tmail.fm>,
	Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@...cle.com>,
	Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@...cle.com>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
	Arjan van de Ven <arjan.van.de.ven@...el.com>,
	Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
	Alexandre Julliard <julliard@...ehq.com>,
	Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] x86-64: espfix for 64-bit mode *PROTOTYPE*

Well, if 2^17 CPUs are allocated we might 2K pages allocated.  We could easily do a bitmap here, of course.  NR_CPUS/64 is a small number, and would reduce the code complexity.

On April 21, 2014 5:37:05 PM PDT, Andrew Lutomirski <amluto@...il.com> wrote:
>On Mon, Apr 21, 2014 at 4:29 PM, H. Peter Anvin <hpa@...or.com> wrote:
>> On 04/21/2014 04:19 PM, Andrew Lutomirski wrote:
>>>
>>> Hahaha! :)
>>>
>>> Some comments:
>>>
>>> Does returning to 64-bit CS with 16-bit SS not need espfix?
>>
>> There is no such thing.  With a 64-bit CS, the flags on SS are
>ignored
>> (although you still have to have a non-null SS... the conditions are
>a
>> bit complex.)
>>
>>> Conversely, does 16-bit CS and 32-bit SS need espfix?
>>
>> It does not, at least to the best of my knowledge (it is controlled
>by
>> the SS size, not the CS size.)
>>
>> I'm going to double-check the corner cases just out of healthy
>paranoia,
>> but I'm 98% sure this is correct (and if not, the 32-bit code needs
>to
>> be fixed, too.)
>>
>>>> @@ -1058,6 +1095,7 @@ bad_iret:
>>>>          * So pretend we completed the iret and took the #GPF in
>user mode.
>>>>          *
>>>>          * We are now running with the kernel GS after exception
>recovery.
>>>> +        * Exception entry will have removed us from the espfix
>stack.
>>>>          * But error_entry expects us to have user GS to match the
>user %cs,
>>>>          * so swap back.
>>>>          */
>>>
>>> What is that referring to?
>>
>> It means that we have already switched back from the espfix stack to
>the
>> real stack.
>>
>>>> +       /*
>>>> +        * Switch from the espfix stack to the proper stack: tricky
>stuff.
>>>> +        * On the stack right now is 5 words of exception frame,
>>>> +        * error code/oldeax, RDI, and the return value, so no
>additional
>>>> +        * stack is available.
>>>> +        *
>>>> +        * We will always be using the user space GS on entry.
>>>> +       */
>>>> +ENTRY(espfix_fix_stack)
>>>> +       SWAPGS
>>>> +       cld
>>>> +       movq PER_CPU_VAR(kernel_stack),%rdi
>>>> +       subq $8*8,%rdi
>>>> +       /* Use the real stack to hold these registers for now */
>>>> +       movq %rsi,-8(%rdi)
>>>> +       movq %rcx,-16(%rdi)
>>>> +       movq %rsp,%rsi
>>>> +       movl $8,%ecx
>>>> +       rep;movsq
>>>> +       leaq -(10*8)(%rdi),%rsp
>>>> +       popq %rcx
>>>> +       popq %rsi
>>>> +       SWAPGS
>>>> +       retq
>>>>
>>>
>>> Is it guaranteed that the userspace thread that caused this is dead?
>>> If not, do you need to change RIP so that espfix gets invoked again
>>> when you return from the exception?
>>
>> It is not guaranteed to be dead at all.  Why would you need to change
>> RIP, though?
>
>Oh.  You're not changing the RSP that you return to.  So this should be
>okay.
>
>>
>>>> +
>>>> +void init_espfix_cpu(void)
>>>> +{
>>>> +       int cpu = smp_processor_id();
>>>> +       unsigned long addr;
>>>> +       pgd_t pgd, *pgd_p;
>>>> +       pud_t pud, *pud_p;
>>>> +       pmd_t pmd, *pmd_p;
>>>> +       pte_t pte, *pte_p;
>>>> +       int n;
>>>> +       void *stack_page;
>>>> +
>>>> +       cpu = smp_processor_id();
>>>> +       BUG_ON(cpu >= (8 << 20)/ESPFIX_STACK_SIZE);
>>>> +
>>>> +       /* We only have to do this once... */
>>>> +       if (likely(this_cpu_read(espfix_stack)))
>>>> +               return;         /* Already initialized */
>>>> +
>>>> +       addr = espfix_base_addr(cpu);
>>>> +
>>>> +       /* Did another CPU already set this up? */
>>>> +       if (likely(espfix_already_there(addr)))
>>>> +               goto done;
>>>> +
>>>> +       mutex_lock(&espfix_init_mutex);
>>>> +
>>>> +       if (unlikely(espfix_already_there(addr)))
>>>> +               goto unlock_done;
>>>
>>> Wouldn't it be simpler to just have a single static bool to indicate
>>> whether espfix is initialized?
>>
>> No, you would have to allocate memory for every possible CPU, which I
>> wanted to avoid in case NR_CPUS >> actual CPUs (I don't know if we
>have
>> already done that for percpu, but we *should* if we haven't yet.)
>>
>>> Even better: why not separate the percpu init from the pagetable
>init
>>> and just do the pagetable init once from main or even modify_ldt?
>>
>> It needs to be done once per CPU.  I wanted to do it late enough that
>> the page allocator is fully functional, so we don't have to do the
>ugly
>> hacks to call one allocator or another as the percpu initialization
>code
>> does (otherwise it would have made a lot of sense to co-locate with
>percpu.)
>
>Hmm.  I guess espfix_already_there isn't so bad.  Given that, in the
>worst case, I think there are 16 pages allocated, it might make sense
>to just track which of those 16 pages have been allocated in some
>array.  That whole array would probably be shorter than the test of
>espfix_already_there.  Or am I still failing to understand how this
>works?
>
>--Andy

-- 
Sent from my mobile phone.  Please pardon brevity and lack of formatting.
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