Date:	Tue, 22 Apr 2014 12:25:20 -0700
From:	"Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@...cle.com>
To:	Amit Sahrawat <amit.sahrawat83@...il.com>
Cc:	"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@....edu>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
	linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@...il.com>
Subject: Re: Ext4: deadlock occurs when running fsstress and ENOSPC errors
 are seen.

On Tue, Apr 22, 2014 at 11:19:32AM +0530, Amit Sahrawat wrote:
> Hi Darrick,
> 
> Thanks for the reply, sorry for responding late.
> 
> On Wed, Apr 16, 2014 at 11:16 PM, Darrick J. Wong
> <darrick.wong@...cle.com> wrote:
> > On Wed, Apr 16, 2014 at 01:21:34PM +0530, Amit Sahrawat wrote:
> >> Sorry Ted, if it caused the confusion.
> >>
> >> There were actually 2 parts to the problem, the logs in the first mail
> >> were from the original situation – where in there were many block
> >> groups and error prints also showed that.
> >>
> >> EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:742: group 1493, 0
> >> clusters in bitmap, 58339 in gd
> >> EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:742: group 1000, 0
> >> clusters in bitmap, 3 in gd
> >> EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:742: group 1425, 0
> >> clusters in bitmap, 1 in gd
> >> JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sda1, blocknr = 0). There's
> >> a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash.
> >> JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sda1, blocknr = 0). There's
> >> a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash.
> >>
> >> 1)    Original case – when the disk got corrupted and we only had the
> >> logs and the hung task messages. But not the HDD on which issue was
> >> observed.
> >> 2)    In order to reproduce the problem as was coming through the logs
> >> (which highlighted the problem in the bitmap corruption). To minimize
> >> the environment and make a proper case, we created a smaller partition
> >> size and with only 2 groups. And intentionally corrupted the group 1
> >> (our intention was just to replicate the error scenario).
> >
> > I'm assuming that the original broken fs simply had a corrupt block bitmap, and
> > that the dd thing was just to simulate that corruption in a testing
> > environment?
> 
> Yes, we did so in order to replicate the error scenario.
> >
> >> 3)    After corruption we used ‘fsstress’  - we got the similar problem
> >> as was coming the original logs. – We shared our analysis after this
> >> point for looping in the writepages part the free blocks mismatch.
> >
> > Hm.  I tried it with 3.15-rc1 and didn't see any hangs.  Corrupt bitmaps shut
> > down allocations from the block group and the FS continues, as expected.
> >
> We are using kernel version 3.8, so cannot switch to 3.15-rc1. It is a
> limitation currently.
> 
> >> 4)    We came across ‘Darrick’ patches(in which it also mentioned about
> >> how to corrupt to reproduce the problem) and applied on our
> >> environment. It solved the initial problem about the looping in
> >> writepages, but now we got hangs at other places.
> >
> > There are hundreds of Darrick patches ... to which one are you referring? :)
> > (What was the subject line?)
> >
> ext4: error out if verifying the block bitmap fails
> ext4: fix type declaration of ext4_validate_block_bitmap
> ext4: mark block group as corrupt on block bitmap error
> ext4: mark block group as corrupt on inode bitmap error
> ext4: mark group corrupt on group descriptor checksum
> ext4: don't count free clusters from a corrupt block group

Ok, thank you for clarifying. :)

> So, the patches helps in marking the block group as corrupt and avoids
> further allocation. But when we consider the normal write path using
> write_begin. Since, there is mismatch between the free cluster count
> from the group descriptor and the bitmap. In that case it marks the
> pages dirty by copying dirty but later it get ENOSPC from the
> writepages when it actually does the allocation.
> 
> So, our doubt is if we are marking the block group as corrupt, we
> should also subtract the block group count from the
> s_freeclusters_counter. This will make sure we have the valid
> freecluster count and error ‘ENOSPC’ can be returned from the
> write_begin, instead of propagating such paths till the writepages.
> 
> We made change like this:
> 
> @@ -737,14 +737,18 @@ void ext4_mb_generate_buddy(struct super_block *sb,
>         grp->bb_fragments = fragments;
> 
>         if (free != grp->bb_free) {
> +               struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
>                 ext4_grp_locked_error(sb, group, 0, 0,
>                                       "%u clusters in bitmap, %u in gd; "
>                                       "block bitmap corrupt.",
>                                       free, grp->bb_free);
>                 /*
>                  * If we intend to continue, we consider group descriptor
>                  * corrupt and update bb_free using bitmap value
>                  */
> +               percpu_counter_sub(&sbi->s_freeclusters_counter, grp->bb_free);
>                 grp->bb_free = free;
>                 set_bit(EXT4_GROUP_INFO_BBITMAP_CORRUPT_BIT, &grp->bb_state);
>         }
>         mb_set_largest_free_order(sb, grp);
> 
> Is this the correct method? Or are missing something in this? Please
> share your opinion.

I think this looks ok.  If you send a proper patch doing this to the mailing
list, I'll officially review it.

> >> Using ‘tune2fs’ is not a viable solution in our case, we can only
> >> provide the solution via. the kernel changes. So, we made the changes
> >> as shared earlier.
> >
> > Would it help if you could set errors=remount-ro in mke2fs?
> >
> Sorry, we cannot reformat or use tune2fs to change the ‘errors’ value.

I apologize, my question was unclear; what I meant to ask is, would it have
been helpful if you could have set errors=remount-ro back when you ran mke2fs?

Now that the format's been done, I suppose the only recourse is mount -o
remount,errors=remount-ro (online) or tune2fs (offline).

--D
> 
> > --D
> >> So the question isn't how the file system got corrupted, but that
> >> you'd prefer that the system recovers without hanging after this
> >> corruption.
> >> >> Yes,  our priority is to keep the system running.
> >>
> >> Again, Sorry for the confusion. But the intention was just to show the
> >> original problem and what we did in order to replicate the problem.
> >>
> >> Thanks & Regards,
> >> Amit Sahrawat
> >>
> >>
> >> On Wed, Apr 16, 2014 at 10:37 AM, Theodore Ts'o <tytso@....edu> wrote:
> >> > On Wed, Apr 16, 2014 at 10:30:10AM +0530, Amit Sahrawat wrote:
> >> >> 4)    Corrupt the block group ‘1’  by writing all ‘1’, we had one file
> >> >> with all 1’s, so using ‘dd’ –
> >> >> dd if=i_file of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4096 seek=17 count=1
> >> >> After this mount the partition – create few random size files and then
> >> >> ran ‘fsstress,
> >> >
> >> > Um, sigh.  You didn't say that you were deliberately corrupting the
> >> > file system.  That wasn't in the subject line, or anywhere else in the
> >> > original message.
> >> >
> >> > So the question isn't how the file system got corrupted, but that
> >> > you'd prefer that the system recovers without hanging after this
> >> > corruption.
> >> >
> >> > I wish you had *said* that.  It would have saved me a lot of time,
> >> > since I was trying to figure out how the system had gotten so
> >> > corrupted (not realizing you had deliberately corrupted the file
> >> > system).
> >> >
> >> > So I think if you run "tune2fs -e remount-ro /dev/sdb1" before you
> >> > started the fsstress, the file system would have remounted the
> >> > filesystem read-only at the first EXT4-fs error message.  This would
> >> > avoid the hang that you saw, since the file system would hopefully
> >> > "failed fast", before th euser had the opportunity to put data into
> >> > the page cache that would be lost when the system discovered there was
> >> > no place to put the data.
> >> >
> >> > Regards,
> >> >
> >> >                                                 - Ted
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