Date:	Tue, 13 May 2014 10:37:42 +0900
From:	Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>
To:	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
Cc:	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@...cle.com>,
	Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@...sung.com>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
	Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>,
	Yong-Taek Lee <ytk.lee@...sung.com>,
	KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@...fujitsu.com>,
	Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@...sung.com>,
	Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
	Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
	Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@...a86.com>,
	Dave Jones <davej@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/2] mm/page_alloc: DEBUG_VM checks for free_list
 placement of CMA and RESERVE pages

On Mon, May 12, 2014 at 10:28:25AM +0200, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> On 05/08/2014 07:54 AM, Joonsoo Kim wrote:
> >On Wed, May 07, 2014 at 04:59:07PM +0200, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> >>On 05/07/2014 03:33 AM, Minchan Kim wrote:
> >>>On Mon, May 05, 2014 at 05:50:46PM +0200, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> >>>>On 05/05/2014 04:36 PM, Sasha Levin wrote:
> >>>>>On 05/02/2014 08:08 AM, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> >>>>>>On 04/30/2014 11:46 PM, Sasha Levin wrote:
> >>>>>>>>On 04/03/2014 11:40 AM, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>For the MIGRATE_RESERVE pages, it is important they do not get misplaced
> >>>>>>>>>>on free_list of other migratetype, otherwise the whole MIGRATE_RESERVE
> >>>>>>>>>>pageblock might be changed to other migratetype in try_to_steal_freepages().
> >>>>>>>>>>For MIGRATE_CMA, the pages also must not go to a different free_list, otherwise
> >>>>>>>>>>they could get allocated as unmovable and result in CMA failure.
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>This is ensured by setting the freepage_migratetype appropriately when placing
> >>>>>>>>>>pages on pcp lists, and using the information when releasing them back to
> >>>>>>>>>>free_list. It is also assumed that CMA and RESERVE pageblocks are created only
> >>>>>>>>>>in the init phase. This patch adds DEBUG_VM checks to catch any regressions
> >>>>>>>>>>introduced for this invariant.
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Yong-Taek Lee <ytk.lee@...sung.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@...sung.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@...fujitsu.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@...sung.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@...a86.com>
> >>>>>>>>>>Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>Two issues with this patch.
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>First:
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] kernel BUG at mm/page_alloc.c:1197!
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] Dumping ftrace buffer:
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082]    (ftrace buffer empty)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] Modules linked in:
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] CPU: 1 PID: 8923 Comm: trinity-c42 Not tainted 3.15.0-rc3-next-20140429-sasha-00015-g7c7e0a7-dirty #427
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] task: ffff88053e208000 ti: ffff88053e246000 task.ti: ffff88053e246000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] RIP: get_page_from_freelist (mm/page_alloc.c:1197 mm/page_alloc.c:1548 mm/page_alloc.c:2036)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] RSP: 0018:ffff88053e247778  EFLAGS: 00010002
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] RAX: 0000000000000003 RBX: ffffea0000f40000 RCX: 0000000000000008
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: 0000000000000003 RDI: 00000000000000a0
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] RBP: ffff88053e247868 R08: 0000000000000007 R09: 0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.320082] R10: ffff88006ffcef00 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000014
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] R13: ffffea000115ffe0 R14: ffffea000115ffe0 R15: 0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] FS:  00007f8c9f059700(0000) GS:ffff88006ec00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] CR2: 0000000002cbc048 CR3: 000000054cdb4000 CR4: 00000000000006a0
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] DR0: 00000000006de000 DR1: 00000000006de000 DR2: 0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000602
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] Stack:
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888]  ffff88053e247798 ffff88006eddc0b8 0000000000000016 0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888]  ffff88006ffd2068 ffff88006ffdb008 0000000100000000 0000000000000000
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888]  ffff88006ffdb000 0000000000000000 0000000000000003 0000000000000001
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] Call Trace:
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __alloc_pages_nodemask (mm/page_alloc.c:2731)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? __this_cpu_preempt_check (lib/smp_processor_id.c:63)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] alloc_pages_vma (include/linux/mempolicy.h:76 mm/mempolicy.c:1998)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? shmem_alloc_page (mm/shmem.c:881)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? kvm_clock_read (arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:90 arch/x86/kernel/kvmclock.c:86)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] shmem_alloc_page (mm/shmem.c:881)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? __const_udelay (arch/x86/lib/delay.c:126)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? __rcu_read_unlock (kernel/rcu/update.c:97)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? find_get_entry (mm/filemap.c:979)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? find_get_entry (mm/filemap.c:940)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? find_lock_entry (mm/filemap.c:1024)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] shmem_getpage_gfp (mm/shmem.c:1130)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? sched_clock_local (kernel/sched/clock.c:214)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? do_read_fault.isra.42 (mm/memory.c:3523)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] shmem_fault (mm/shmem.c:1237)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? do_read_fault.isra.42 (mm/memory.c:3523)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __do_fault (mm/memory.c:3344)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? _raw_spin_unlock (arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:98 include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:152 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:183)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] do_read_fault.isra.42 (mm/memory.c:3524)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? get_parent_ip (kernel/sched/core.c:2485)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? get_parent_ip (kernel/sched/core.c:2485)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3662 mm/memory.c:3823 mm/memory.c:3950)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? __const_udelay (arch/x86/lib/delay.c:126)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? __rcu_read_unlock (kernel/rcu/update.c:97)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3973)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __get_user_pages (mm/memory.c:1863)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? preempt_count_sub (kernel/sched/core.c:2541)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __mlock_vma_pages_range (mm/mlock.c:255)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] __mm_populate (mm/mlock.c:711)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] vm_mmap_pgoff (include/linux/mm.h:1841 mm/util.c:402)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] SyS_mmap_pgoff (mm/mmap.c:1378)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ? syscall_trace_enter (include/linux/context_tracking.h:27 arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c:1461)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] ia32_do_call (arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S:430)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] Code: 00 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 ba 02 00 00 00 31 f6 48 89 c7 e8 c1 c3 ff ff 48 8b 53 10 83 f8 03 74 08 83 f8 04 75 13 0f 1f 00 39 d0 74 0c <0f> 0b 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 45 85 ff 75 15 49 8b 55 00
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888] RIP get_page_from_freelist (mm/page_alloc.c:1197 mm/page_alloc.c:1548 mm/page_alloc.c:2036)
> >>>>>>>>[ 3446.335888]  RSP <ffff88053e247778>
> >>>>>>Hey, that's not an issue, that means the patch works as intended :) And
> >>>>>>I believe it's not a bug introduced by PATCH 1/2.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>So, according to my decodecode reading, RAX is the results of
> >>>>>>get_pageblock_migratetype() and it's MIGRATE_RESERVE. RDX is the result
> >>>>>>of get_freepage_migratetype() and it's MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE. The
> >>>>>>freepage_migratetype has just been set either by __rmqueue_smallest() or
> >>>>>>__rmqueue_fallback(), according to the free_list the page has been taken
> >>>>>>from. So this looks like a page from MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblock found on
> >>>>>>the !MIGRATE_RESERVE free_list, which is exactly what the patch intends
> >>>>>>to catch.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>I think there are two possible explanations.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>1) the pageblock is genuinely MIGRATE_RESERVE and it was misplaced by
> >>>>>>mistake. I think it wasn't in free_pcppages_bulk() as there's the same
> >>>>>>VM_BUG_ON which would supposedly trigger at the moment of displacing. In
> >>>>>>theory it's possible that there's a race through __free_pages_ok() ->
> >>>>>>free_one_page() where the get_pageblock_migratetype() in
> >>>>>>__free_pages_ok() would race with set_pageblock_migratetype() and result
> >>>>>>in bogus value. But nobody should be calling set_pageblock_migratetype()
> >>>>>>on a MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblock.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>2) the pageblock was marked as MIGRATE_RESERVE due to a race between
> >>>>>>set_pageblock_migratetype() and set_pageblock_skip(). The latter is
> >>>>>>currently not serialized by zone->lock, nor it uses atomic bit set. So
> >>>>>>it may result in lost updates in a racing set_pageblock_migratetype(). I
> >>>>>>think a well-placed race when changing pageblock from MIGRATE_MOVABLE to
> >>>>>>MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE could result in MIGRATE_RESERVE value. Similar races
> >>>>>>have been already observed to be a problem where frequent changing
> >>>>>>to/from MIGRATE_ISOLATE is involved, and I did a patch series to address
> >>>>>>this, but it was not complete and I postponed it after Mel's changes
> >>>>>>that remove the racy for-cycles completely. So it might be that his
> >>>>>>"[PATCH 08/17] mm: page_alloc: Use word-based accesses for get/set
> >>>>>>pageblock bitmaps" already solves this bug (but maybe only on certain
> >>>>>>architectures where you don't need atomic operations). You might try
> >>>>>>that patch if you can reproduce this bug frequently enough?
> >>>>>
> >>>>>I've tried that patch, but still see the same BUG_ON.
> >>>>
> >>>>Oh damn, I've realized that my assumptions about MIGRATE_RESERVE
> >>>>pageblocks being created only on zone init time were wrong.
> >>>>setup_zone_migrate_reserve() is called also from the handler of
> >>>>min_free_kbytes sysctl... does trinity try to change that while
> >>>>running?
> >>>>The function will change MOVABLE pageblocks to RESERVE and try to
> >>>>move all free pages to the RESERVE free_list, but of course pages on
> >>>>pcplists will remain MOVABLE and may trigger the VM_BUG_ON. You
> >>>>triggered the bug with page on MOVABLE free_list (in the first reply
> >>>>I said its UNMOVABLE by mistake) so this might be good explanation
> >>>>if trinity changes min_free_kbytes.
> >>>>
> >>>>Furthermore, I think there's a problem that
> >>>>setup_zone_migrate_reserve() operates on pageblocks, but as MAX_ODER
> >>>>is higher than pageblock_order, RESERVE pages might be merged with
> >>>>buddies of different migratetype and end up on their free_list. That
> >>>>seems to me like a flaw in the design of reserves, but perhaps
> >>>>others won't think it's serious enough to fix?
> >
> >I wanna know who want MIGRATE_RESERVE. On my previous testing, one
> >pageblock for MIGRATE_RESERVE is merged with buddies of different
> >migratetype during boot-up and never come back again. But my system works
> >well. :)
> >
> >If it is really useful feature, we can fix the situation by aligning
> >reserve size and pfn to MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
> 
> Yes, I plan to do that.
> 
> >And, IMHO, it isn't reasonable to increase, decrease and change
> >MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblock by the handler of min_free_kbytes sysctl,
> >because new pageblock may have no free pages to reserve. I think that
> >it is better to prevent sysctl handler from changing MIGRATE_RESERVE
> >pageblock, after initialization.
> 
> This dynamic allocation could be more aggressive by doing the same
> stuff as memory isolation. In any case, I think that if it cannot
> guarantee the pageblock to be free, there is little benefit from
> trying to make sure no pages from the pageblock are strayed on
> pcplists and later misplaced in the free_list. The only danger of
> misplacement is page stealing code changing MIGRATE_RESERVE
> pageblock to something else. This can be easily avoided directly in
> the page stealing code by checking the pageblock migratetype before
> trying to change it. This has very little extra overhead, in a path
> that's not hot to begin with.

I think that we first investigate why reserve pageblock is depend on
min_free_kbytes changing. I guess that this is for maintainig reserve
pageblock size below certain watermark so that reserve pageblock
aren't used easily. But, now, we limit reserve pageblock to just 2,
that is, really small value, so reserve pageblock don't need to change
when min_free_kbytes is changed.

> >In conclusion, if MIGRATE_RESERVE is useful enough to maintain, to fix
> >above problem and keep this patch is preferable to me.
> 
> I think it's useful in general, but not so critical to make the
> min_free_kbytes handler provide 100% guarantees. Presumably one uses
> the handler only during early boot time when there's enough free
> memory?
> So that leaves the debug patch only for CMA which I won't push
> anymore to mainline, but feel free to adapt it for mm only.

Okay. :)

Thanks.
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