Message-ID: <20140520120218.38eb7181@bee>
Date:	Tue, 20 May 2014 12:02:18 +0200
From:	Michael Mueller <mimu@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de>
Cc:	linux-s390@...r.kernel.org, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
	Gleb Natapov <gleb@...nel.org>, qemu-devel@...gnu.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@...ibm.com>,
	"Jason J. Herne" <jjherne@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@...ibm.com>,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
	Andreas Faerber <afaerber@...e.de>,
	Richard Henderson <rth@...ddle.net>
Subject: Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v1 RFC 6/6] KVM: s390: add cpu model
 support

On Mon, 19 May 2014 22:14:00 +0200
Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de> wrote:

> 
> On 19.05.14 19:03, Michael Mueller wrote:
> > On Mon, 19 May 2014 16:49:28 +0200
> > Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de> wrote:
> >
> >> On 19.05.14 16:18, Michael Mueller wrote:
> >>> On Mon, 19 May 2014 13:48:08 +0200
> >>> Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de> wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> On 19.05.14 12:53, Michael Mueller wrote:
> >>>>> On Fri, 16 May 2014 22:31:12 +0200
> >>>>> Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de> wrote:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>> On 16.05.14 17:39, Michael Mueller wrote:
> >>>>>>> On Fri, 16 May 2014 14:08:24 +0200
> >>>>>>> Alexander Graf <agraf@...e.de> wrote:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> On 13.05.14 16:58, Michael Mueller wrote:
> >>>>>>>>> This patch enables cpu model support in kvm/s390 via the vm attribute
> >>>>>>>>> interface.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> During KVM initialization, the host properties cpuid, IBC value and the
> >>>>>>>>> facility list are stored in the architecture specific cpu model structure.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> During vcpu setup, these properties are taken to initialize the related SIE
> >>>>>>>>> state. This mechanism allows to adjust the properties from user space and thus
> >>>>>>>>> to implement different selectable cpu models.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> This patch uses the IBC functionality to block instructions that have not
> >>>>>>>>> been implemented at the requested CPU type and GA level compared to the
> >>>>>>>>> full host capability.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Userspace has to initialize the cpu model before vcpu creation. A cpu model
> >>>>>>>>> change of running vcpus is currently not possible.
> >>>>>>>> Why is this VM global? It usually fits a lot better modeling wise when
> >>>>>>>> CPU types are vcpu properties.
> >>>>>>> It simplifies the code substantially because it inherently guarantees the vcpus being
> >>>>>>> configured identical. In addition, there is no S390 hardware implementation containing
> >>>>>>> inhomogeneous processor types. Thus I consider the properties as machine specific.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Signed-off-by: Michael Mueller <mimu@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
> >>>>>>>>> ---
> >>>>>>>>>       arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h |   4 +-
> >>>>>>>>>       arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h |  23 ++++++
> >>>>>>>>>       arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c         | 146 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
> >>>>>>>>>       arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.h         |   1 +
> >>>>>>>>>       4 files changed, 172 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> diff --git a/arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> >>>>>>>>> index b4751ba..6b826cb 100644
> >>>>>>>>> --- a/arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> >>>>>>>>> +++ b/arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> >>>>>>>>> @@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ struct kvm_s390_sie_block {
> >>>>>>>>>       	atomic_t cpuflags;		/* 0x0000 */
> >>>>>>>>>       	__u32 : 1;			/* 0x0004 */
> >>>>>>>>>       	__u32 prefix : 18;
> >>>>>>>>> -	__u32 : 13;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u32 : 1;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u32 ibc : 12;
> >>>>>>>>>       	__u8	reserved08[4];		/* 0x0008 */
> >>>>>>>>>       #define PROG_IN_SIE (1<<0)
> >>>>>>>>>       	__u32	prog0c;			/* 0x000c */
> >>>>>>>>> @@ -418,6 +419,7 @@ struct kvm_s390_cpu_model {
> >>>>>>>>>       	unsigned long *sie_fac;
> >>>>>>>>>       	struct cpuid cpu_id;
> >>>>>>>>>       	unsigned long *fac_list;
> >>>>>>>>> +	unsigned short ibc;
> >>>>>>>>>       };
> >>>>>>>>>       
> >>>>>>>>>       struct kvm_arch{
> >>>>>>>>> diff --git a/arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h b/arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> >>>>>>>>> index 313100a..82ef1b5 100644
> >>>>>>>>> --- a/arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> >>>>>>>>> +++ b/arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> >>>>>>>>> @@ -58,12 +58,35 @@ struct kvm_s390_io_adapter_req {
> >>>>>>>>>       
> >>>>>>>>>       /* kvm attr_group  on vm fd */
> >>>>>>>>>       #define KVM_S390_VM_MEM_CTRL		0
> >>>>>>>>> +#define KVM_S390_VM_CPU_MODEL		1
> >>>>>>>>>       
> >>>>>>>>>       /* kvm attributes for mem_ctrl */
> >>>>>>>>>       #define KVM_S390_VM_MEM_ENABLE_CMMA	0
> >>>>>>>>>       #define KVM_S390_VM_MEM_CLR_CMMA	1
> >>>>>>>>>       #define KVM_S390_VM_MEM_CLR_PAGES	2
> >>>>>>>>>       
> >>>>>>>>> +/* kvm attributes for cpu_model */
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +/* the s390 processor related attributes are r/w */
> >>>>>>>>> +#define KVM_S390_VM_CPU_PROCESSOR	0
> >>>>>>>>> +struct kvm_s390_vm_cpu_processor {
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 cpuid;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u16 ibc;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u8  pad[6];
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 fac_list[256];
> >>>>>>>>> +};
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +/* the machine related attributes are read only */
> >>>>>>>>> +#define KVM_S390_VM_CPU_MACHINE		1
> >>>>>>>>> +struct kvm_s390_vm_cpu_machine {
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 cpuid;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u32 ibc_range;
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u8  pad[4];
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 fac_mask[256];
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 hard_fac_list[256];
> >>>>>>>>> +	__u64 soft_fac_list[256];
> >>>>>>>>> +};
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>>       /* for KVM_GET_REGS and KVM_SET_REGS */
> >>>>>>>>>       struct kvm_regs {
> >>>>>>>>>       	/* general purpose regs for s390 */
> >>>>>>>>> diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c b/arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c
> >>>>>>>>> index a53652f..9965d8b 100644
> >>>>>>>>> --- a/arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c
> >>>>>>>>> +++ b/arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c
> >>>>>>>>> @@ -369,6 +369,110 @@ static int kvm_s390_mem_control(struct kvm *kvm, struct
> >>>>>>>>> kvm_device_attr *attr) return ret;
> >>>>>>>>>       }
> >>>>>>>>>       
> >>>>>>>>> +static int kvm_s390_set_processor(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_device_attr *attr)
> >>>>>>>>> +{
> >>>>>>>>> +	struct kvm_s390_vm_cpu_processor *proc;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (atomic_read(&kvm->online_vcpus))
> >>>>>>>>> +		return -EBUSY;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	proc = kzalloc(sizeof(*proc), GFP_KERNEL);
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (!proc)
> >>>>>>>>> +		return -ENOMEM;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (copy_from_user(proc, (void __user *)attr->addr,
> >>>>>>>>> +			   sizeof(*proc))) {
> >>>>>>>>> +		kfree(proc);
> >>>>>>>>> +		return -EFAULT;
> >>>>>>>>> +	}
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	mutex_lock(&kvm->lock);
> >>>>>>>>> +	memcpy(&kvm->arch.model.cpu_id, &proc->cpuid,
> >>>>>>>>> +	       sizeof(struct cpuid));
> >>>>>>>>> +	kvm->arch.model.ibc = proc->ibc;
> >>>>>>>>> +	kvm_s390_apply_fac_list_mask((long unsigned *)proc->fac_list);
> >>>>>>>>> +	memcpy(kvm->arch.model.fac_list, proc->fac_list,
> >>>>>>>>> +	       S390_ARCH_FAC_LIST_SIZE_BYTE);
> >>>>>>>>> +	mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
> >>>>>>>>> +	kfree(proc);
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	return 0;
> >>>>>>>>> +}
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +static int kvm_s390_set_cpu_model(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_device_attr *attr)
> >>>>>>>>> +{
> >>>>>>>>> +	int ret = -ENXIO;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	switch (attr->attr) {
> >>>>>>>>> +	case KVM_S390_VM_CPU_PROCESSOR:
> >>>>>>>>> +		ret = kvm_s390_set_processor(kvm, attr);
> >>>>>>>>> +		break;
> >>>>>>>>> +	}
> >>>>>>>>> +	return ret;
> >>>>>>>>> +}
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +static int kvm_s390_get_processor(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_device_attr *attr)
> >>>>>>>>> +{
> >>>>>>>>> +	struct kvm_s390_vm_cpu_processor *proc;
> >>>>>>>>> +	int rc = 0;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	proc = kzalloc(sizeof(*proc), GFP_KERNEL);
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (!proc) {
> >>>>>>>>> +		rc = -ENOMEM;
> >>>>>>>>> +		goto out;
> >>>>>>>>> +	}
> >>>>>>>>> +	memcpy(&proc->cpuid, &kvm->arch.model.cpu_id, sizeof(struct cpuid));
> >>>>>>>>> +	proc->ibc = kvm->arch.model.ibc;
> >>>>>>>>> +	memcpy(&proc->fac_list, kvm->arch.model.fac_list,
> >>>>>>>>> +	       S390_ARCH_FAC_LIST_SIZE_BYTE);
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (copy_to_user((void __user *)attr->addr, proc, sizeof(*proc)))
> >>>>>>>>> +		rc = -EFAULT;
> >>>>>>>>> +	kfree(proc);
> >>>>>>>>> +out:
> >>>>>>>>> +	return rc;
> >>>>>>>>> +}
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +static int kvm_s390_get_machine(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_device_attr *attr)
> >>>>>>>>> +{
> >>>>>>>>> +	struct kvm_s390_vm_cpu_machine *mach;
> >>>>>>>>> +	int rc = 0;
> >>>>>>>>> +
> >>>>>>>>> +	mach = kzalloc(sizeof(*mach), GFP_KERNEL);
> >>>>>>>>> +	if (!mach) {
> >>>>>>>>> +		rc = -ENOMEM;
> >>>>>>>>> +		goto out;
> >>>>>>>>> +	}
> >>>>>>>>> +	get_cpu_id((struct cpuid *) &mach->cpuid);
> >>>>>>>>> +	mach->ibc_range = kvm_s390_lowest_ibc() << 16;
> >>>>>>>>> +	mach->ibc_range |= kvm_s390_latest_ibc();
> >>>>>>>>> +	memcpy(&mach->fac_mask, kvm_s390_fac_list_mask,
> >>>>>>>>> +	       kvm_s390_fac_list_mask_size() * sizeof(u64));
> >>>>>>>>> +	kvm_s390_get_hard_fac_list((long unsigned int *) &mach->hard_fac_list,
> >>>>>>>>> +				   S390_ARCH_FAC_LIST_SIZE_U64);
> >>>>>>>>> +	kvm_s390_get_soft_fac_list((long unsigned int *) &mach->soft_fac_list,
> >>>>>>>>> +				   S390_ARCH_FAC_LIST_SIZE_U64);
> >>>>>>>> I really have a hard time grasping what hard and soft means.
> >>>>>>> Hard facilities are those that are implemented by the CPU itself, either through
> >>>>>>> processor logic or be means of firmware micro code. That's the list returned by the
> >>>>>>> STFL/STFLE instruction. In addition to that, one can imagine that in future some of
> >>>>>>> that features are emulated on KVM side. These will be placed in the soft facility list
> >>>>>>> and are optionally to request by user space.
> >>>>>> I don't see why we would have to differentiate between the two. User
> >>>>>> space wants features enabled. Whether they are done in hardware or in
> >>>>>> software doesn't matter.
> >>>>> I've tried to make my point on that in last answer of patch 3/6. It's a mistake
> >>>>> to think that user space just wants to have features, they come with different
> >>>>> qualities!
> >>>> So? If I want to run a z9 compatible guest, I do -cpu z9. I can either
> >>>>
> >>>>      a) run it with emulation of a facility or
> >>>>      b) not run it
> >>>>
> >>>> which one would the user choose?
> >>> If you run on a z990 host, you better use -cpu z990 because emulating some
> >>> fancy delta feature just cost additional CPU time. If the host is newer, please
> >>> go with -cpu z9.
> >> Yes, I agree on that statement. Imagine a feature gets *dropped* though.
> >> In that case -cpu z9 should enable emulation of that feature to maintain
> >> migratability with a real z9 machine on newer hardware.
> > Nice try, but think what's happening in real world. Let's assume the feature is
> > TE again, available since zEC12 but would go away with zNext. In that case the
> > CPU model zNext-GA1 and all successors will not have zEC12 as supported model.
> > The application will just not run on that model if it insists on executing TE
> > instructions.
> 
> So what's the point in software emulated features then? Either we can 
> emulate a feature or we can't. If we can, we can be compatible. If we 
> can't, we're not compatible.
> 
> >
> >>> What user and thus also user space wants depends on other factors:
> >>>
> >>> 1. reliability
> >>> 2. performance
> >>> 3. availability
> >>>
> >>> It's not features, that's what programmers want.
> >>>
> >>> That's why I have designed the model and migration capability around the hardware
> >>> and not around the software features and don't allow them to be enabled currently
> >>> together.
> >>>
> >>> A software feature is a nice add on that is helpful for evaluation or development
> >>> purpose. There is few space for it on productions systems.
> >>>
> >>> One option that I currently see to make software implemented facility migration
> >>> capable is to calculate some kind of hash value derived from the full set of
> >>> active software facilities. That value can be compared with pre-calculated
> >>> values also stored in the supported model table of qemu. This value could be
> >>> seen like a virtual model extension that has to match like the model name.
> >>>
> >>> But I have said it elsewhere already, a soft facility should be an exception and
> >>> not the rule.
> >>>
> >>>>>> So all we need is a list of "features the guest sees available" which is
> >>>>>> the same as "features user space wants the guest to see" which then gets
> >>>>>> masked through "features the host can do in hardware".
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> For emulation we can just check on the global feature availability on
> >>>>>> whether we should emulate them or not.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> Also, if user space wants to make sure that its feature list is actually
> >>>>>>>> workable on the host kernel, it needs to set and get the features again
> >>>>>>>> and then compare that with the ones it set? That's different from x86's
> >>>>>>>> cpuid implementation but probably workable.
> >>>>>>> User space will probe what facilities are available and match them with the predefined
> >>>>>>> cpu model set. Only those models which use a partial or full subset of the hard/host
> >>>>>>> facility list are selectable.
> >>>>>> Why?
> >>>>> If a host does not offer the features required for a model it is not able to
> >>>>> run efficiently.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>> Please take a look at how x86 does cpuid masking :).
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> In fact, I'm not 100% convinced that it's a good idea to link cpuid /
> >>>>>> feature list exposure to the guest and actual feature implementation
> >>>>>> inside the guest together. On POWER there is a patch set pending that
> >>>>>> implements these two things separately - admittedly mostly because
> >>>>>> hardware sucks and we can't change the PVR.
> >>>>> That is maybe the big difference with s390. The cpuid in the S390 case is not
> >>>>> directly comparable with the processor version register of POWER.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In the S390 world we have a well defined CPU model room spanned by the machine
> >>>>> type and its GA count. Thus we can define a bijective mapping between
> >>>>> (type, ga) <-> (cpuid, ibc, facility set). From type and ga we form the model
> >>>>> name which BTW is meaningful also for a human user.
> >>>> Same thing as POWER.
> >>>>
> >>>>> By means of this name, a management interface (libvirt) will draw decisions if
> >>>>> migration to a remote hypervisor is a good idea or not. For that it just needs
> >>>>> to compare if the current model of the guest on the source hypervisor
> >>>>> ("query-cpu-model"), is contained in the supported model list of the target
> >>>>> hypervisor ("query-cpu-definitions").
> >>>> I don't think this works, since QEMU should always return all the cpu
> >>>> definitions it's aware of on query-cpu-definitions, not just the ones
> >>>> that it thinks may be compatible with the host at a random point in time.
> >>> It does not return model names that it thinks they are compatible at some point
> >>> in time. In s390 mode, it returns all definitions (CPU models) that a given host
> >>> system is capable to run. Together with the CPU model run by the guest, some upper
> >>> management interface knows if the hypervisor supports the required CPU model and
> >>> uses a guest definition with the same CPU model on the target hypervisor.
> >>>
> >>> The information for that is taken from the model table which QEMU builds up during
> >>> startup time. This list limits the command line selectable CPU models as well.
> >> This makes s390 derive from the way x86 handles things. NAK.
> > One second, that goes a little fast here :-). x86 returns a list they support which happens to
> > be the full list they define and s390 does logically the same because we know that certain
> > models are not supported due to probing. BTW that happens only if you run Qemu on back
> > level hardware and that is perfectly correct.
> 
> It's not what other architectures do and I'd hate to see s390 deviate 
> just because.

Only these four architectures implement the query and they all differ a little...

target-arm/helper.c:CpuDefinitionInfoList *arch_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)
target-i386/cpu.c:CpuDefinitionInfoList *arch_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)
target-ppc/translate_init.c:CpuDefinitionInfoList *arch_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)
target-s390x/cpu.c:CpuDefinitionInfoList *arch_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)

arm walks through a list of all ARM CPU types
list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ARM_CPU, false);
and returns the CpuDefinitionInfoList derived from that one to one

i386 loops over the static builtin_x86_defs[] array to retrieve the model names,
they don't even use the CPU class model as source

ppc walks through a list of all POWER CPU types
list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_POWERPC_CPU, false);
and then extends the produced list by all defined aliases

and s390x finally also walks through the defined S390 CPU types
list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_S390_CPU, false); 
but drops those which are not usable (!is_active)
Just consider them as not defined. I actually would undefine
them if I knew how.

Also the commands comment says "list of supported virtual CPU definitions" and the s390
list contains all supported models, that's no contradiction.

##                                                                                                                                                          
# @query-cpu-definitions:
#
# Return a list of supported virtual CPU definitions
#
# Returns: a list of CpuDefInfo 

> 
> > The migration compatibility test is pretty much ARCH dependent. I looked into the
> > libvirt implementation and as one can see every architecture has its own implementation
> > there (libvirt/src/cpu/cpu_<arch>.c).
> 
> So here's my question again. How does x86 evaluate whether a target 
> machine is compatible with a source machine?

Will again look into that during the afternoon...

> 
> 
> Alex
> 
> 

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